Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yusaku Chukai, Ginga Ito, Masahide Konno, Yuri Sakata, Taku Ozaki
Summary: The present study demonstrates that the activation of mitochondrial calpain-5 triggers the truncation of caspase-4, suggesting that mitochondrial calpain-5 regulates the downstream pathway of caspase-4, including cell death and the inflammatory cascade. These findings provide new insights into ER-stress-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and cancer.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Jianwen Jia, Xiaochao Tian, Jinzhao He, Guozhong Ma, Weiliang He
Summary: This study found that taurine (TAU) can promote axonal sprouting in ischemic stroke patients by improving mitochondrial function. TAU can improve motor function, promote axonal sprouting, reduce cell apoptosis, and increase mitochondrial DNA and ATP content in mice.
ACTA CIRURGICA BRASILEIRA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anhui Yang, Ping Zhang, Zhen Sun, Xin Liu, Xinrui Zhang, Xingkai Liu, Di Wang, Zhaoli Meng
Summary: The study demonstrated that lysionotin exhibited significant anti-liver cancer effects by potentially involving the caspase-3 mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takeshi Uemura, Masashi Uchida, Mizuho Nakamura, Momo Shimekake, Akihiko Sakamoto, Yusuke Terui, Kyohei Higashi, Itsuko Ishii, Keiko Kashiwagi, Kazuei Igarashi
Summary: Brain stroke is a major cause of elderly bedridden condition, and preventing stroke is crucial for maintaining QOL. This study identified several food components, such as 2-furanmethanethiol, cysteine methyl and ethyl esters, alliin, lysine, and taurine, that can decrease the toxicity of acrolein and improve tissue injury during stroke.
Review
Cell Biology
Mengxiao Zhang, Grace Wang, Tianqing Peng
Summary: Calpains are calcium-dependent cysteine proteases expressed widely in mammals and implicated in cardiac disease through targeting and impairing mitochondria. Inhibiting mitochondrial calpain activity may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for treating cardiac disease, although further mechanistic studies are needed to fully understand its role in mediating mitochondrial damage.
Article
Food Science & Technology
David S. Dang, Chandler D. Stafford, Mackenzie J. Taylor, Jared F. Buhler, Kara J. Thornton, Sulaiman K. Matarneh
Summary: The study found that ultrasonication improved beef tenderness by increasing the activities of calpain-1 and caspase-3. These effects may be achieved by increasing cytosolic calcium and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhenjiang Ding, Qichao Wei, Chunjiang Zhang, Hong Zhang, Feng Huang
Summary: This study found that oxidation influences the activities of endogenous enzymes in muscle cells by regulating HSP27 and cytochrome c, thereby modulating the degradation process of myofibrillar proteins after slaughter.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yukio Yamori, Miki Sagara, Hideki Mori, Mari Mori
Summary: Research has shown that a diet rich in taurine and magnesium can reduce the risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease, and improve survival rates. Analysis of the nutrients in 24-hour urine samples revealed that higher levels of taurine and magnesium were associated with lower body mass index, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. Compared to regions in Europe, Japan and Mediterranean countries had higher levels of taurine and magnesium in their diets, which were significantly associated with lower cardiovascular disease risks.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Tongyao Du, Chao Ma, Zixu Wang, Yuejing Hao, Wangang Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the distribution and degradation pattern of FLNC in pork during postmortem aging. The results showed that FLNC had a highly overlapped spatial colocalization with actin and integrin. FLNC was mainly localized in subsarcolemmal areas and surrounding the myofibrils at the level of the Z-discs in muscle cells. Furthermore, the study found that mu-calpain and caspase-3 were involved in the degradation of FLNC.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Peter F. Surai, Katie Earle-Payne, Michael T. Kidd
Summary: Taurine, as a natural antioxidant, plays a crucial role in maintaining the antioxidant defense network of the body, particularly in stabilizing mitochondria and reducing free radical production. Its antioxidant protective action is significant in stress conditions and commercial animal production.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Baojun Sun, Hitomi Maruta, Yun Ma, Hiromi Yamashita
Summary: Taurine is an abundant free amino acid in mammalian tissues that plays a role in skeletal muscle function and exercise capacity. This study investigated the mechanism of taurine function in skeletal muscles by examining the effects of short-term administration of taurine on rats and L6 cells. The results suggest that taurine modulates skeletal muscle function by activating AMP-activated protein kinase through the calcium signaling pathway, leading to the expression of genes and proteins associated with mitochondrial and respiratory metabolism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Trinh Hua, Melanie Robitaille, Sarah J. Roberts-Thomson, Gregory R. Monteith
Summary: Apoptosis is a complex and regulated cell death pathway, and calcium signaling plays a crucial role in its regulation. The initiation and execution of apoptosis are controlled by different groups of cysteine proteases, including caspases, calpains, and cathepsins. Evading apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer cells, which can be achieved through deregulation of cysteine proteases and remodeling of calcium signaling. This review explores the involvement of calcium in the regulation of cysteine protease activity and its impact on intracellular calcium handling during apoptosis.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xi-Ming Yang, Michael V. Cohen, Sarah Sayner, Jonathon P. Audia, James M. Downey
Summary: In this study, the relationship between caspase-1/4 and reperfusion injury was investigated. It was found that inhibiting caspase-1/4 activity could reduce the size of the infarcted area in the heart. The activation of caspase-1/4 occurred within the first 10 minutes of reperfusion and could be potentially triggered by Ca++ influx and calpain activation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lu Liu, Daohong Chen, Ziyang Zhou, Jing Yuan, Ying Chen, Mingsheng Sun, Mengdi Zhou, Yi Liu, Shiqi Sun, Jiao Chen, Ling Zhao
Summary: Ischemic stroke is a significant research focus due to its high prevalence, complex pathogenesis, and treatment challenges. Mitochondria play a crucial role in cellular energy balance and are involved in neuronal death after ischemic stroke. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has advantages in preventing and treating ischemic stroke by regulating mitochondrial structure and function. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial involvement in ischemic stroke and summarizes the current advances in TCM for ischemic stroke treatment by modulating mitochondria.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhihui Yang, Rawad Daniel Arja, Tian Zhu, George Anis Sarkis, Robert Logan Patterson, Pammela Romo, Disa S. Rathore, Ahmed Moghieb, Susan Abbatiello, Claudia S. Robertson, William E. Haskins, Firas Kobeissy, Kevin K. W. Wang
Summary: GFAP is truncated in traumatic brain injury, resulting in the formation of breakdown products. These GFAP breakdown products may have the potential to track the progression of brain injury, as shown in both experimental and clinical observations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)