期刊
AMERICAN NATURALIST
卷 179, 期 3, 页码 401-412出版社
UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
DOI: 10.1086/664458
关键词
aquaculture; conservation; epidemiology; fisheries; ocean
资金
- University of Otago
- British Columbia Pacific Salmon Forum
- David Suzuki Foundation
- Watershed Watch Salmon Society
- Living Oceans Society
- National Centres of Excellence of Canada
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Canada Research Chair
- NSERC
- Oxford Centre for Collaborative and Applied Mathematics
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology [KUK-CI013-04]
Allee effects are thought to mediate the dynamics of population colonization, particularly for invasive species. However, Allee effects acting on parasites have rarely been considered in the analogous process of infectious disease establishment and spread. We studied the colonization of uninfected wild juvenile Pacific salmon populations by ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) over a 4-year period. In a data set of 68,376 fish, we observed 85 occurrences of precopular pair formation among 1,259 preadult female and 613 adult male lice. The probability of pair formation was dependent on the local abundance of lice, but this mate limitation is likely offset somewhat by mate-searching dispersal of males among host fish. A mathematical model of macroparasite population dynamics that incorporates the empirical results suggests a high likelihood of a demographic Allee effect, which can cause the colonizing parasite populations to die out. These results may provide the first empirical evidence for Allee effects in a macroparasite. Furthermore, the data give a rare detailed view of Allee effects in colonization dynamics and suggest that Allee effects may dampen the spread of parasites in a coastal marine ecosystem.
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