期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
卷 187, 期 5, 页码 468-475出版社
AMER THORACIC SOC
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201208-1558PP
关键词
diaphragm; lungs; regenerative medicine; tissue engineering; trachea
资金
- EU-FP6 project EuroSTEC (soft tissue engineering for congenital birth defects in children) [LSHB-CT-2006-037409]
Regenerative medicine (RM) is a newfield of biomedical science that focuses on the regeneration of tissues and organs and the restoration of organ function. Although regeneration of-organ systems such as bone, cartilage, and heart has attracted intense scientific research over recent decades, RM research regarding the respiratory system, including the trachea, the lung proper, and the diaphragm, has lagged behind. However, the last 5 years have witnessed novel approaches and initial clinical applications of tissue-engineered constructs to restore organ structure and function. In this regard, this article briefly addresses the basics of RM and introduces the key elements necessary for tissue regeneration, including (stem) cells, biomaterials, and extracellular matrices. In addition, the current status of the (clinical) application of RM to the respiratory system is discussed, and bottlenecks and recent approaches are identified. For the trachea, several initial clinical studies have been reported and have used various combinations of cells and scaffolds. Although promising, the methods used in these studies require optimization and standardization. For the lung proper, only (stem) cell-based approaches have been probed clinically, but it is becoming apparent that combinations of cells and scaffolds are required to successfully restore the lung's architecture and function. In the case of the diaphragm, clinical applications have focused on the use of decellularized scaffolds, but novel scaffolds, with or without cells, are clearly needed for true regeneration of diaphragmatic tissue. We conclude that respiratory treatment with RM will not be realized tomorrow, but its future looks promising.
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