Article
Environmental Sciences
John D. Hansen, Keith A. Loftin, Zachary Laughrey, Ondrej Adamovsky
Summary: Various stressors can have profound impacts on immunity to pathogens, with little research into the effects of cyanobacterial toxins on disease resistance in mammals. Recent studies suggest that freshwater cyanotoxins may alter disease susceptibility parameters for fish, wildlife, and human health through interaction with specific components of innate immunity. However, the results of this study indicate that the tested toxins did not directly interact with key pathogen recognition receptors for innate immunity in humans.
Article
Cell Biology
Stefanie Scheid, Adrien Lejarre, Jakob Wollborn, Hartmut Buerkle, Ulrich Goebel, Felix Ulbrich
Summary: Argon preconditioning protects neuronal cells from cell death by reducing apoptosis, decreasing the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), enhancing phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and suppressing NF-kappa B and Akt expression. It also inhibits the expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2, interleukin-8, and heat shock proteins. Argon preconditioning may be a promising therapeutic alternative for conditions like stroke.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Saahithh Redddi Patlola, Gary Donohoe, Declan P. McKernan
Summary: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that protect the brain from self and foreign antigens/pathogens and can elicit a harmful or beneficial immune response. TLR activation has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cytokine imbalance in schizophrenia. This review explores the current literature on TLRs, their potential role in schizophrenia pathogenesis, factors affecting TLR activity and their impact on cognitive performance in schizophrenia.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arturo Orlacchio, Pellegrino Mazzone
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is a lethal form of cancer characterized by its aggressiveness and metastatic potential. Toll-like receptors play a pivotal role in inflammation and immune response, and can be potential targets for cancer therapy. Studies have shown that TLRs play an important role in the progression of pancreatic cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wan-Ching Chou, Kun-Ling Tsai, Pei-Ling Hsieh, Chin-Hsien Wu, I-Ming Jou, Yuan-Kun Tu, Ching-Hou Ma
Summary: The study demonstrated the pathogenic role of Gal-3 in Gal-3-induced chondrocyte dysfunction and injuries through upregulating TLR-4 and MyD88, increasing NADPH oxidase activity, inducing ROS generation, activating NF-kappa B, and causing chondrocyte apoptosis.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Min Cai, You-cai Xu, Bo Deng, Jun-Bang Chen, Ting-Fang Chen, Ke-Feng Zeng, Si Chen, Sui-hui Deng, Zhang-bin Tan, Wen-jun Ding, Shuang-wei Zhang, Bin Liu, Jing-zhi Zhang
Summary: This study found that GL extract and its active constituent LicoA exerted anti-inflammatory effects by targeting TLR4 directly, reducing inflammatory damage and inhibiting TLR4 signaling activation.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Elise E. Bruning, Janet K. Coller, Hannah R. Wardill, Joanne M. Bowen
Summary: TLR4 is a highly conserved protein involved in innate immunity with distinct roles in epithelial and immune cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. While epithelial cell expression of TLR4 contributes to maintaining homeostasis, promoting immunoglobulin A production, and regulating permeability, immune cell expression is centered on maturation of dendritic cells and priming the adaptive immune system. However, further research is needed to fully understand the impact of site-specific TLR4 expression on inflammation and disease progression.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiaohong Cen, Baoqu Wang, Yuqing Liang, Yanlin Chen, Yu Xiao, Shaohua Du, Kutty Selva Nandakumar, Hang Yin, Shuwen Liu, Kui Cheng
Summary: This study revealed the clinical relevance of TLR3 upregulation in human atherosclerosis and its contribution to the disease processes. Inhibition of TLR3 led to reduced foam cell formation and atherosclerotic burden, suggesting TLR3 as a potential novel target for atherosclerosis therapy.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yanan Zhang, Jimin Wu, Erdan Dong, Zhanli Wang, Han Xiao
Summary: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important in innate immune response, identifying pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). They play a role in cardiac hypertrophy, which contributes to heart failure. Targeting TLR signaling may be effective against pathological cardiac hypertrophy, making it necessary to study TLR mechanisms in this process.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sandra Santos-Sierra
Summary: Inflammatory arthritis is a group of diseases caused by dysregulated immune system activity, and various medications are used to control the excessive immune response. However, drug resistances, flare-reactions, and adverse effects to current therapies are common in affected patients.
Article
Immunology
Lisa Kornstaedt, Sandra Pierre, Andreas Weigert, Stefanie Ebersberger, Tim J. Schaeufele, Anja Kolbinger, Tobias Schmid, Jennifer Cohnen, Dominique Thomas, Nerea Ferreiros, Bernhard Bruene, Ingo Ebersberger, Klaus Scholich
Summary: Mast cells play a role in the resolution phase of inflammation by producing mediators like IFN-beta that regulate macrophage phagocytosis. Deficiency in mast cells can result in decreased efferocytosis and phagocytosis during the resolution of inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Kasper Favere, Matthias Bosman, Karin Klingel, Stephane Heymans, Sophie Van Linthout, Peter L. Delputte, Johan De Sutter, Hein Heidbuchel, Pieter-Jan Guns
Summary: Myocarditis, an inflammatory disease of the heart often caused by viral infections, poses a significant challenge in clinical management. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are increasingly recognized for their role in the pathophysiology of viral myocarditis, impacting immune responses and inflammatory reactions throughout the disease process. Future research directions in this field are discussed.
Article
Cell Biology
Lan Zhang, Ulrike M. Stamer, Melody Ying-Yu Huang, Frank Stuber
Summary: Under inflammatory conditions, the nociceptin system plays an anti-inflammatory role in monocytes, with antagonistic effects observed between the nociceptin and TLR systems.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jinrui Wei, Yan Zhang, Haopeng Li, Fuquan Wang, Shanglong Yao
Summary: This review focuses on the role and mechanism of TLR4 in various diseases, aiming to provide new research directions and therapeutic targets for clinical intervention.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hai-Yun Guan, He-Xia Xia, Xiu-Ying Chen, Lu Wang, Zhi-Jing Tang, Wei Zhang
Summary: The activation of TLR4 was found to suppress CYP19A1 expression and E2 secretion in human granulosa cells via NF-κB signaling, which has implications for follicular development and estrogen synthesis regulation.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
John A. Reynolds, Mary Gayed, Munther A. Khamashta, Francesca Leone, Veronica Toescu, Ian N. Bruce, Ian Giles, Lee-Suan Teh, Neil McHugh, Mohammed Akil, Christopher J. Edwards, Caroline Gordon
Summary: This study investigated the outcomes of children born to mothers with SLE exposed to HCQ or AZA during pregnancy. The results showed that there were no significant negative outcomes in children exposed to HCQ during pregnancy. However, the use of AZA was associated with an increased reporting of childhood infection, which requires further study.
Review
Rheumatology
Candido Munoz Munoz, Bethan Goulden, Kawser Ahmed, Jaume Alijotas-Reig, Ian Giles
Summary: Women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) have an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This risk also exists in women with preclinical ARD (pre-ARD) before they are diagnosed with ARD.
Article
Rheumatology
Nicola Farina, Ruya Abdulsalam, Thomas McDonnell, Charis Pericleous, Amrita D'Souza, Vera M. Ripoll, Jemma Webster, David A. Isenberg, Ian Giles, Anisur Rahman
Summary: Double/triple-positivity for IgG anti-CL, anti-beta 2GPI and anti-DI in early SLE identifies a population at higher risk of subsequent VE.
Article
Rheumatology
Mark D. Russell, Mrinalini Dey, Julia Flint, Philippa Davie, Alexander Allen, Amy Crossley, Margreta Frishman, Mary Gayed, Kenneth Hodson, Munther Khamashta, Louise Moore, Sonia Panchal, Madeleine Piper, Clare Reid, Katherine Saxby, Karen Schreiber, Naz Senvar, Sofia Tosounidou, Maud van de Venne, Louise Warburton, David Williams, Chee-Seng Yee, Caroline Gordon, Ian Giles
Article
Hematology
Hithin Noble, Christina Crossette-Thambiah, Zain Odho, Nilanthi Karawitage, Karen Logan, Charis Pericleous, Mike Laffan, Deepa J. Arachchillage
SEMINARS IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Deepa J. Arachchillage, Mike Laffan, Charis Pericleous
Summary: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a highly prothrombotic disorder caused by thrombo-inflammatory antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) that lead to thrombosis through various mechanisms. Obstetric complications in APS are a result of placental thrombosis, inflammation, and complement activation. While anticoagulation is the main treatment, it may not effectively prevent thrombosis recurrence in some patients, especially those with triple positive aPL.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Andrej Corovic, Christopher Wall, Meritxell Nus, Deepa Gopalan, Yuan Huang, Maria Imaz, Michal Zulcinski, Marta Peverelli, Anna Uryga, Jordi Lambert, Dario Bressan, Robert T. Maughan, Charis Pericleous, Suraiya Dubash, Natasha Jordan, David R. Jayne, Stephen P. Hoole, Patrick A. Calvert, Andrew F. Dean, Doris Rassl, Tara Barwick, Mark Iles, Mattia Frontini, Greg Hannon, Roido Manavaki, Tim D. Fryer, Luigi Aloj, Martin J. Graves, Fiona J. Gilbert, Marc R. Dweck, David E. Newby, Zahi A. Fayad, Gary Reynolds, Ann W. Morgan, Eric O. Aboagye, Anthony P. Davenport, Helle F. Jorgensen, Ziad Mallat, Martin R. Bennett, James E. Peters, James H. F. Rudd, Justin C. Mason, Jason M. Tarkin
Summary: This study investigates the feasibility of using somatostatin receptor 2 (SST2) as a molecular imaging target for inflammation in large vessel vasculitis (LVV), and provides evidence for its potential in the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of LVV.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Henry H. Louie, Odunayo O. Mugisho, Lawrence W. Chamley, Ilva D. Rupenthal
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane vesicles that play important roles in intercellular communication and various physiological and pathological processes. Recent evidence suggests that EVs may also be involved in inflammatory eye diseases and could serve as novel biomarkers or therapeutics.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Deepa J. Arachchillage, Charis Pericleous
Summary: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, leading to thrombosis and/or pregnancy complications. APS has a long history dating back to the mid-20th century, when it was first identified during syphilis screening programs. While anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists remains the main treatment for thrombotic APS, newer options like direct acting oral anticoagulants have shown inferiority, particularly in patients with triple-positive APS and arterial thrombosis. Immunomodulatory agents such as hydroxychloroquine are increasingly used to treat refractory cases of APS.
SEMINARS IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS
(2023)
Review
Developmental Biology
Joanne Muter, Vincent J. Lynch, Rajiv C. McCoy, Jan J. Brosens
Summary: Embryo implantation in humans is a complex process involving the transformation of the endometrium into a placental bed and interactions between the embryo and the decidualising endometrium. This review examines the evolutionary context of implantation and discusses the remodeling of the uterus before and after conception. It highlights the precarious but adaptable nature of the implantation process.
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Tianjiao Geng, Euphemia Leung, Lawrence W. Chamley, Zimei Wu
Summary: This study aimed to functionalize small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-tyrosine-cysteine (cRGDyC) to improve their targetability for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. The cell targetability and intracellular trafficking of cRGDyC-sEVs were evaluated on U87 cells, showing a 2.4-fold enhancement in targetability compared to unmodified sEVs. Dox@cRGDyCsEVs exhibited superior cytotoxicity to U87 GBM cells compared to a standard liposome formulation.
BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Matthew Kang, Colin Hisey, Bridget Tsai, Yohanes Nursalim, Cherie Blenkiron, Lawrence W. Chamley
Summary: Recently, researchers have focused on extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential carriers for drug delivery, including gene therapy. However, current techniques used for EV generation have limitations in large-scale production. This study proposes that placental EVs produced from explant cultures are an efficient and safe method for EV production, and suggests that these EVs can be loaded with large plasmids. The study experimentally confirms successful plasmid loading into placental EVs using different loading strategies and provides insights into the loading efficiency dependent on DNA dose and size.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laura Hume, Jessica C. Edge, Haidee Tinning, Dapeng Wang, Alysha S. Taylor, Vladimir Ovchinnikov, Annika Geijer-Simpson, Pavle Vrljicak, Jan J. Brosens, Emma S. Lucas, Nigel A. B. Simpson, Jayne Shillito, Karen Forbes, Mary J. O'Connell, Niamh Forde
Summary: We examined the role of conserved placental mammal-specific microRNAs and their targets in regulating endometrial receptivity to implantation. The expression of miR-340-5p, -542-3p, and -671-5p in endometrial epithelial cells was influenced by progesterone exposure. Proteomic analysis showed that these microRNAs altered the expression of numerous proteins, many of which were predicted targets and regulated by progesterone. Dysregulation of these microRNAs and their targets is implicated in recurrent pregnancy loss.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jesna Ashraf, Sandy Lau, Alireza Akbarinejad, Devon Bryant, Lawrence W. Chamley, Lisa I. Pilkington, David Barker, David E. Williams, Clive W. Evans, Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
Summary: Researchers have developed a simple and clean electrochemical method for the specific capture and fast release of nano-sized placental extracellular vesicles. This method can aid in understanding placental function and improve obstetric care.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Sien Yee Lau, Matthew Kang, Colin L. Hisey, Lawrence W. Chamley
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid-bound vesicles released from cells, play a crucial role in many physiological processes and pathological mechanisms. Understanding their biodistribution is of great interest, and one accessible technology involves fluorescent labelling of exogenous EVs for whole-animal imaging. However, studying the fate of subcellular EVs requires adaptation of labelling techniques, excess dye removal and a refined experimental design.
DISEASE MODELS & MECHANISMS
(2023)