Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kiran Shabir, Seley Gharanei, Sophie Orton, Vanlata Patel, Parbata Chauhan, Emmanouil Karteris, Harpal S. Randeva, James E. Brown, Ioannis Kyrou
Summary: Adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ by secreting various adipokines that regulate metabolism and other physiological processes. The altered secretion of adipokines has been associated with obesity and cardio-metabolic diseases. Asprosin, a recently discovered adipokine, is elevated in cardio-metabolic diseases and has pro-inflammatory effects, at least in part through the TLR4 signaling pathway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tamara N. Ramirez-Pavez, Maria Martinez-Esparza, Antonio J. Ruiz-Alcaraz, Pilar Marin-Sanchez, Francisco Machado-Linde, Pilar Garcia-Penarrubia
Summary: Endometriosis, an estrogen-dependent gynecological disorder, involves immune dysregulation and the role of macrophages in its pathology. Further research on the characteristics of the peritoneal immune system is needed to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Soo Youn Song, Ye Won Jung, WonKyo Shin, Mia Park, Geon Woo Lee, Soohwa Jeong, Sukjeong An, Kyoungmin Kim, Young Bok Ko, Ki Hwan Lee, Byung Hun Kang, Mina Lee, Heon Jong Yoo
Summary: Endometriosis, a common gynecologic disease, often leads to various pain symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and chronic pelvic pain. Inflammatory responses, nervous system sensitization, and altered distribution of nerve fibers may contribute to chronic pain in these patients. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial in guiding treatment decisions for endometriosis-related pain symptoms.
Article
Immunology
Ella A. Zuiderwijk-Sick, Celine van der Putten, Raissa Timmerman, Jennifer Veth, Erica M. Pasini, Linda van Straalen, Paul van der Valk, Sandra Amor, Jeffrey J. Bajramovic
Summary: Exposure to IL-4 induces changes in the cell surface protein expression profile of primary rhesus macaque microglia and enhances their potential to induce proliferation of T cells with a regulatory signature. Additionally, IL-4 exposure broadly impairs TLR-induced cytokine production and inhibits microglial innate immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mingxin Shi, Nikola Sekulovski, Allison E. Whorton, James A. MacLean, Erin Greaves, Kanako Hayashi
Summary: Niclosamide effectively reduces the number of peritoneal large macrophages and inhibits aberrant inflammation in endometriosis, providing a theoretical basis for a new treatment approach.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hor-Yue Tan, Ning Wang, Cheng Zhang, Yau-Tuen Chan, Man-Fung Yuen, Yibin Feng
Summary: LOXL4 plays a role in immune evasion by tumor cells and hepatocarcinogenesis by inducing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Its interaction with macrophages leads to increased PD-L1 expression and subsequent inhibition of CD8(+) T cell function, promoting tumor growth. The immunosuppressive function of LOXL4 on macrophages primarily relies on interferon-mediated PD-L1 activation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emanuela Spagnolo, Alejandra Martinez, Andrea Mascaros-Martinez, Josep Mari-Alexandre, Maria Carbonell, Eva Gonzalez-Canto, Eva Manuela Pena-Burgos, Barbara Andrea Mc Cormack, Sarai Tomas-Perez, Juan Gilabert-Estelles, Ana Lopez-Carrasco, Paula Hidalgo, Martina Aida Angeles, Andres Redondo, Alejandro Gallego, Alicia Hernandez
Summary: This study aimed to compare the spatial distribution of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in ovarian endometriosis (OE) and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC), and analyze the relationship between immunosuppressive cell populations and T-cell exhaustion markers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Karsten Grote, Marina Nicolai, Uwe Schubert, Bernhard Schieffer, Christian Troidl, Klaus T. Preissner, Stefan Bauer, Silvia Fischer
Summary: The study demonstrated that self-extracellular RNA can interact with TLR2 ligands and enhance innate immune responses under pathological conditions, suggesting it as a new target for the treatment of bacterial and viral infections.
Review
Cell Biology
Elise E. Bruning, Janet K. Coller, Hannah R. Wardill, Joanne M. Bowen
Summary: TLR4 is a highly conserved protein involved in innate immunity with distinct roles in epithelial and immune cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. While epithelial cell expression of TLR4 contributes to maintaining homeostasis, promoting immunoglobulin A production, and regulating permeability, immune cell expression is centered on maturation of dendritic cells and priming the adaptive immune system. However, further research is needed to fully understand the impact of site-specific TLR4 expression on inflammation and disease progression.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Min Cai, You-cai Xu, Bo Deng, Jun-Bang Chen, Ting-Fang Chen, Ke-Feng Zeng, Si Chen, Sui-hui Deng, Zhang-bin Tan, Wen-jun Ding, Shuang-wei Zhang, Bin Liu, Jing-zhi Zhang
Summary: This study found that GL extract and its active constituent LicoA exerted anti-inflammatory effects by targeting TLR4 directly, reducing inflammatory damage and inhibiting TLR4 signaling activation.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Patricia G. G. Valles, Andrea Fernanda Gil Lorenzo, Rodrigo D. D. Garcia, Valeria Cacciamani, Maria Eugenia Benardon, Valeria Victoria Costantino
Summary: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and devastating condition with no effective pharmacological treatment. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its ligands play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AKI by mediating inflammatory responses. Excessive activation of TLR4 can lead to chronic inflammation. This review discusses the role of TLR4 in ischemic/reperfusion-induced AKI and sepsis-associated AKI, as well as its potential signaling patterns in kidney injury.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ioanna Tsioti, Beatrice L. Steiner, Pascal Escher, Martin S. Zinkernagel, Peter M. Benz, Despina Kokona
Summary: Clustering of microglia around the vasculature was observed after systemic administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the retina and brain of mice. This study investigated the effect of systemic LPS in the pigmented mouse retina and the involvement of endothelial TLR4 in LPS-induced retinal microglia activation. The results showed that activation of microglia, infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages, impaired ribbon synapse organization, and retinal dysfunction were observed after LPS exposure, and these effects were dependent on endothelial TLR4.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Misa Nakasuji-Togi, Sumihito Togi, Keita Saeki, Yasuhiko Kojima, Keiko Ozato
Summary: The study found that the internatural (INT) mixture can induce type I interferons (IFNs) in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to enhance the body's immunity. This induction is mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. The supernatants from INT-treated cells also displayed antiviral activity.
FOOD & NUTRITION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Katarzyna D. Kania, Daria Hareza, Jacek R. Wilczynski, Milosz Wilczynski, Dariusz Jarych, Andrzej Malinowski, Edyta Paradowska
Summary: Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. The TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor for the development of ovarian cancer.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nikoo Bayan, Niloufar Yazdanpanah, Nima Rezaei
Summary: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is associated with inflammation, cellular apoptosis, neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, and neovascularization. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a crucial role in the development of DR, and microRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of DR through their interaction with TLR4. Inhibitors of the TLR4 pathway have shown potential in the treatment of DR.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)