Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Darius A. Gerlach, Jorge Manuel, Alex Hoff, Hendrik Kronsbein, Fabian Hoffmann, Karsten Heusser, Heimo Ehmke, Jens Jordan, Jens Tank, Florian Beissner
Summary: The study utilized high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging to reveal the hypothalamic and medullary responses to acute hypoxia in healthy men, providing insights into the central pathways integrating chemoreflexes and the potential for studying cardiovascular disease and responses to chemoreceptor modulation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ariane Mora, Jonathan Rakar, Ignacio Monedero Cobeta, Behzad Yaghmaeian Salmani, Annika Starkenberg, Stefan Thor, Mikael Boden
Summary: A prominent difference between the brain and spinal cord is their size, with the brain being larger than the spinal cord. The Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 (PRC2) plays a crucial role in promoting the expansion of the anterior central nervous system (CNS) and regulates genes involved in proliferation and immune response. By integrating transcriptomic and epigenetic data, this study reveals the distinct regulatory mechanisms of PRC2 on gene cohorts driving anterior CNS expansion.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Rie Ishizawa, Han-Kyul Kim, Norio Hotta, Gary A. Iwamoto, Jere H. Mitchell, Scott A. Smith, Wanpen Vongpatanasin, Masaki Mizuno
Summary: The cardiovascular response in type 2 diabetes patients is exaggerated and linked to TRPV1 activation, potentially due to sensitization of muscle afferents. This sensitization is associated with PKC-induced TRPV1 overactivity, leading to enhanced circulatory response to TRPV1 activation in hyperglycemic conditions.
Article
Biology
Anika Prabhu, Insung Kang, Raffaella De Pace, Christopher A. Wassif, Hideji Fujiwara, Pamela Kell, Xuntian Jiang, Daniel S. Ory, Juan S. Bonifacino, Michael E. Ward, Forbes D. Porter
Summary: Niemann-Pick disease type C is a childhood-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in NPC1 or NPC2 genes. A novel human iPSC-derived neuronal model of NPC1 has been developed, recapitulating key pathological features and showing potential for high-throughput drug screening.
Article
Neurosciences
Nina M. Drager, Sydney M. Sattler, Cindy Tzu-Ling Huang, Olivia M. Teter, Kun Leng, Sayed Hadi Hashemi, Jason Hong, Giovanni Aviles, Claire D. Clelland, Lihong Zhan, Joe C. Udeochu, Lay Kodama, Andrew B. Singleton, Mike A. Nalls, Justin Ichida, Michael E. Ward, Faraz Faghri, Li Gan, Martin Kampmann
Summary: This study presents a screening platform to systematically elucidate the functional consequences of genetic perturbations in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia. The researchers identified genes controlling microglia survival, activation, and phagocytosis, as well as disease-associated genes. They also determined regulators of disease-relevant microglial states using single-cell RNA sequencing. The platform has the potential for therapeutic targeting and functional characterization of microglia.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Helen Y. Weng, Jack L. Feldman, Lorenzo Leggio, Vitaly Napadow, Jeanie Park, Cynthia J. Price
Summary: The study explores the possibility of improving symptoms of disorders by manipulating interoceptive pathways, primarily through the respiratory system. Interventions such as neuromodulation, respiratory control, and mindfulness can alter interoception, enhancing interconnected physiological systems and improving overall functioning and behavior.
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sophie Morse, Aishwarya Mishra, Tiffany G. Chan, Rafael T. M. de Rosales, James J. Choi
Summary: The study investigates a noninvasive method of using ultrasound pulses to deliver liposomes across the blood-brain barrier for efficient drug delivery to the brain.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2022)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Elham Ghasempour, Shilan Hesami, Elaheh Movahed, Saeed Heidari Keshel, Mohammad Doroudian
Summary: Brain tumors are a lethal type of cancer, and the blood-brain barrier presents a challenge for treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derived exosomes show potential in treating brain tumors.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jordan W. Squair, Matthieu Gautier, Lois Mahe, Jan Elaine Soriano, Andreas Rowald, Arnaud Bichat, Newton Cho, Mark A. Anderson, Nicholas D. James, Jerome Gandar, Anthony V. Incognito, Giuseppe Schiavone, Zoe K. Sarafis, Achilleas Laskaratos, Kay Bartholdi, Robin Demesmaeker, Salif Komi, Charlotte Moerman, Bita Vaseghi, Berkeley Scott, Ryan Rosentreter, Claudia Kathe, Jimmy Ravier, Laura McCracken, Xiaoyang Kang, Nicolas Vachicouras, Florian Fallegger, Ileana Jelescu, YunLong Cheng, Qin Li, Rik Buschman, Nicolas Buse, Tim Denison, Sean Dukelow, Rebecca Charbonneau, Ian Rigby, Steven K. Boyd, Philip J. Millar, Eduardo Martin Moraud, Marco Capogrosso, Fabien B. Wagner, Quentin Barraud, Erwan Bezard, Stephanie P. Lacour, Jocelyne Bloch, Gregoire Courtine, Aaron A. Phillips
Summary: Spinal cord injury can cause haemodynamic instability, impair neurological recovery, increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, and reduce quality of life. Epidural electrical stimulation can compensate for interrupted supraspinal commands and restore haemodynamic stability by engaging sympathetic circuits in the spinal cord.
Article
Immunology
Julia Mamana, Gabrielle M. Humber, Eric R. Espinal, Soojung Seo, Nadine Vollmuth, Jon Sin, Brandon J. Kim
Summary: Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a common human pathogen that can cause fatal aseptic meningo-encephalitis, particularly in young children. The mechanisms by which CVB3 gains access to the brain and the virus-host interactions at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are poorly understood. This study utilized human induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived brain-like endothelial cells (iBECs) to investigate the effects of CVB3 infection on BBB function and overall survival. The results showed that CVB3 infection of iBECs resulted in high extracellular virus release and disruption of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) at later infection stages, suggesting potential mechanisms for viral entry and prolonged shedding.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yuanyuan Yao, Zeke Barger, Mohammad Saffari Doost, Chak Foon Tso, Dana Darmohray, Daniel Silverman, Danqian Liu, Chenyan Ma, Ali Cetin, Shenqin Yao, Hongkui Zeng, Yang Dan
Summary: Sleep disturbances are closely linked to cardiovascular diseases. Neurons involved in the baroreflex pathway, a mechanism for cardiovascular regulation, also play a role in promoting sleep-wake states.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Philip M. Bath, Lili Song, Gisele S. Silva, Eva Mistry, Nils Petersen, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Mikael Mazighi, Oh Young Bang, Else Charlotte Sandset
Summary: High blood pressure after ischemic stroke is common and associated with poor outcomes and increased mortality. The decision on whether to lower blood pressure to improve outcomes or risk worsening cerebral perfusion is still debated. Managing high blood pressure requires consideration of different scenarios and understanding the type, timing, and effects of antihypertensive drugs on cerebral perfusion and platelets.
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Vladimir Hachinski, Leif Ostergaard
Summary: The article introduces a new evolutionary interpretation of the brain's circulation, emphasizing the importance of balancing low-pressure and high-pressure systems for optimal brain health.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lotte Sondag, Axel Wolsink, Wilmar M. T. Jolink, Sabine Voigt, Marianne A. A. van Walderveen, Marieke J. H. Wermer, Catharina J. M. Klijn, Floris H. B. M. Schreuder
Summary: This study investigated the association between blood pressure variability and the development of perihematomal edema after intracerebral hemorrhage. The results suggest that blood pressure variability is not associated with edema development, indicating that other mechanisms such as inflammatory processes may play a more important role.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Cyprien A. Rivier, Natalia Szejko, Daniela Renedo, Rommell B. Noche, Julian N. Acosta, Cameron P. Both, Richa Sharma, Victor M. Torres-Lopez, Sam Payabvash, Adam de Havenon, Kevin N. Sheth, Thomas M. Gill, Guido J. Falcone
Summary: A higher polygenic susceptibility to hypertension (PSH) is associated with worse cognitive performance. These findings suggest that genetic predisposition to hypertension influences brain health in individuals who have not yet developed dementia. These results lay the foundation for further research focused on using genomic data for the early identification of high-risk middle-aged adults.
Article
Neurosciences
Lauriane Juge, Fiona L. Knapman, Peter G. R. Burke, Elizabeth Brown, Anne France Bosquillon de Frescheville, Simon C. Gandevia, Danny J. Eckert, Jane E. Butler, Lynne E. Bilston
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
P. G. R. Burke, S. G. Carter, F. Knapman, J. Patti, M. Butlin, S. C. Gandevia, J. E. Butler, D. J. Eckert, L. E. Bilston
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lauriane Juge, Jade Yeung, Fiona L. Knapman, Peter G. R. Burke, Aimee B. Lowth, Ken Z. C. Gan, Elizabeth C. Brown, Jane E. Butler, Danny J. Eckert, Joachim Ngiam, Kate Sutherland, Peter A. Cistulli, Lynne E. Bilston
Summary: The study found that mandibular advancement splint (MAS) can alter inspiratory tongue movement in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and this alteration is associated with treatment outcome. When mandibular advancement changes the pattern of tongue movement, individuals who convert to a beneficial movement pattern are more likely to respond positively to MAS therapy.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lauriane Juge, Ida Olsza, Fiona L. Knapman, Peter G. R. Burke, Elizabeth C. Brown, Emma Stumbles, Anne France Bosquillon de Frescheville, Simon C. Gandevia, Danny J. Eckert, Jane E. Butler, Lynne E. Bilston
Summary: The study found that larger tongue volume and a smaller nasopharynx are associated with increased inspiratory tongue dilation. Tongue fat percentage is correlated with BMI and age, but not directly related to inspiratory tongue movements.
Article
Physiology
Manash Saha, Qi-Jian Sun, Cara M. Hildreth, Peter G. R. Burke, Jacqueline K. Phillips
Summary: Female rats with chronic kidney disease exhibit heightened respiratory-sympathetic nerve coupling at baseline, which is further increased by mild hypoxia but not by hypercapnia. This mechanism may contribute to hypertension in this animal model of chronic kidney disease.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Jade Yeung, Peter G. R. Burke, Fiona L. Knapman, Jessica Patti, Elizabeth C. Brown, Simon C. Gandevia, Danny J. Eckert, Jane E. Butler, Lynne E. Bilston
Summary: This study found differential neural drive to the oblique and horizontal regions of the genioglossus during swallowing, with two distinct muscle activation patterns observed. This provides evidence for task-dependent, functionally discrete neuromuscular control of the oblique and horizontal compartments of genioglossus. The findings can guide electrode placement in tongue EMG studies.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Simon McMullan, Peter G. R. Burke, Cara M. Hildreth
Summary: Morelli et al. identify a subpopulation of mechanosensitive sensory neurons that coexpress TH and TrkC and innervate cutaneous arterioles. Activation of these neurons leads to cutaneous vasoconstriction, and their lesion is associated with sudden death. This finding challenges the current consensus models for blood pressure control.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Conor F. Underwood, Peter G. R. Burke, Natasha N. Kumar, Ann K. Goodchild, Simon McMullan, Jacqueline K. Phillips, Cara M. Hildreth
Summary: This study found that the upregulated expression of AT1R in PVN contributes to increased vasopressin release and altered blood pressure regulation in a rodent model of polycystic kidney disease. This provides insights into the mechanisms underlying elevated vasopressin levels in PKD.
NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lauriane Juge, Fiona L. Knapman, Peter Humburg, Peter G. R. Burke, Aimee B. Lowth, Elizabeth Brown, Jane E. Butler, Danny J. Eckert, Joachim Ngiam, Kate Sutherland, Peter A. Cistulli, Lynne E. Bilston
Summary: This study aimed to investigate how mandibular advancement enlarges the upper airway via posterior tongue advancement in people with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and whether this is associated with mandibular advancement splint (MAS) treatment outcome. The results showed that responders had the greatest tongue and upper airway movements, which indicated a satisfactory treatment response to MAS.
Article
Physiology
Jayne C. Carberry, Peter G. R. Burke, Amal M. Osman, Lauriane Juge, Barbara Toson, Simon C. Gandevia, Jane E. Butler, Lynne E. Bilston, Danny J. Eckert
Summary: The movement patterns of tongue and upper airway dilator muscles during quiet breathing vary in people with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Our study found regional heterogeneity in genioglossus reflex responses in OSA patients, as well as variability in reflex morphology. The findings also suggest a possible association between the size of the pharyngeal airway and the amplitude of genioglossus reflex response to negative pressure.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Erin Lynch, Bowen Dempsey, Christine Saleeba, Eloise Monteiro, Anita Turner, Peter G. R. Burke, Andrew M. Allen, Roger A. L. Dampney, Cara M. Hildreth, Jennifer L. Cornish, Ann K. Goodchild, Simon McMullan
Summary: The deep superior colliculus (dSC) plays a crucial role in integrating multisensory inputs and activating neural pathways responsible for orienting behaviors. This study identifies a monosynaptic pathway between the dSC and the medullary gigantocellular reticular nucleus (GiA), which coordinates autonomic and locomotor components of orienting. The findings suggest that this pathway may mediate the physiological aspects of orienting responses independently of emotional stress.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Elizabeth C. Brown, Lauriane Juge, Fiona L. Knapman, Peter G. R. Burke, Joachim Ngiam, Kate Sutherland, Jane E. Butler, Danny J. Eckert, Peter A. Cistulli, Lynne E. Bilston
Summary: The presence of tendinous PMR may reduce the effectiveness of treatment and limit the maximum mandibular advancement, but could result in improved post-treatment outcomes in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Tendon absence in the PMR region could indicate potential responders to mandibular advancement splint therapy, despite the increased midline anteroposterior airway diameter.
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
L. Bilston, L. Juge, F. Knapman, J. Yeung, P. Burke, E. Brown, J. Butler, D. J. Eckert, J. Ngiam, K. Sutherland, P. A. Cistulli
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2020)
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
P. G. Burke, S. G. Carter, F. Knapman, J. Patti, M. Butlin, S. C. Gandevia, J. Butlers, D. J. Eckert, L. Bilston
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2020)
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
A. Osman, P. Burke, F. Knapman, J. Carberry, J. Butler, L. Bilston, D. J. Eckert
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2020)