Review
Food Science & Technology
Wei Jia, Jian Peng, Yan Zhang, Jiying Zhu, Xin Qiang, Rong Zhang, Lin Shi
Summary: The roles of intestinal flora in the gut-brain axis response pathway and their impact on hormone regulation, appetite, and energy metabolism have attracted significant attention. The mechanisms by which intestinal flora-derived metabolites influence leptin, ghrelin, and insulin to regulate appetite and body weight were outlined in this review, with a focus on the importance of the paraventricular nucleus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in food reward. The vagus nerve and mitochondria serve as essential pathways in gut-brain communications, modulating neurotransmitters, neural signaling, and neurotransmission.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fahim Muhammad, Bufang Fan, Ruoxi Wang, Jiayan Ren, Shuhui Jia, Liping Wang, Zuxin Chen, Xin-An Liu
Summary: The gut and the brain are connected through millions of nerves, immune factors, and hormones in the circulatory system. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the bidirectional communication, regulating intestinal homeostasis and influencing brain activity. Changes in gut microbiota composition and function affect neurophysiological development and immune regulatory disorders, making it a potential therapeutic target for neurodevelopmental diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Willis K. Samson, Daniela Salvemini, Gina L. C. Yosten
Summary: CARTp encodes a peptide with diverse pharmacologic actions in the nervous system and endocrine organs, with its physiological relevance and therapeutic potential being gradually revealed. The interaction between CARTp and GPR160 is essential for regulating appetite, thirst, and pain transmission caused by nerve injury.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Takako Ichiki, Tongtong Wang, Ann Kennedy, Allan-Hermann Pool, Haruka Ebisu, David J. Anderson, Yuki Oka
Summary: This study reveals that gastrointestinal sensory neurons detect visceral hypoosmolality and transmit hormonal signals to regulate thirst circuit activity through the hepatic portal area (HPA) pathway.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ying Gong, Anmei Chen, Guohui Zhang, Qing Shen, Liang Zou, Jiahong Li, Yang-Bao Miao, Weixin Liu
Summary: This article provides a detailed explanation of the intricate components and unique relationship between gut microbiota-derived metabolites and the brain, emphasizing their association with the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and brain health. The article also discusses the recent applications, challenges, and opportunities of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in different disease treatments. Furthermore, a prospective strategy for the potential application of these metabolites in brain disease treatments, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, is proposed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Fatemeh Hesampour, Charles N. Bernstein, Jean-Eric Ghia
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition with no known cause. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has shown potential as a therapeutic approach for IBD by reducing inflammation. Noninvasive techniques for VNS have been developed, making it a promising treatment option.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhenyu Zhu, Yuxiu Gu, Cuirong Zeng, Man Yang, Hao Yu, Hui Chen, Bikui Zhang, Hualin Cai
Summary: Long-term use of olanzapine may lead to lipid metabolic disorders. This study investigates the role of the gut microbiota-brain axis in olanzapine-induced lipid disturbances. The results show that olanzapine causes weight gain, increased adipose tissue ratio, and elevated triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Furthermore, olanzapine affects gut microbiota and their metabolites, as well as neuropeptide expression in the hypothalamus.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Amber L. Alhadeff
Summary: The coordination between the gut and the brain is crucial for appropriate food intake, with gastrointestinal signals influencing neural activity and feeding behavior. Recent research has advanced our understanding of gut-brain signaling and food intake control, leading to potential new treatment strategies for diseases related to body weight control.
Article
Neurosciences
Katerina V. -A. Johnson, Laura Steenbergen
Summary: This study investigates the influence of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on emotional processing in healthy individuals using the dot-probe task. The results show that transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation reduces emotional biases towards sadness and happiness, indicating a decrease in emotional reactivity. These findings contribute to understanding the interaction between the gut microbiome and the vagus nerve, and support the potential use of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation as a non-invasive adjunctive therapy for depression.
Review
Immunology
Yimin Han, Boya Wang, Han Gao, Chengwei He, Rongxuan Hua, Chen Liang, Sitian Zhang, Ying Wang, Shuzi Xin, Jingdong Xu
Summary: The gut microbiota and the vagus nerve communicate bidirectionally and play important roles in maintaining homeostasis and various behaviors. However, there is inconsistency regarding their underlying mechanisms and clinical applications.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Toshikatsu Okumura, Tsukasa Nozu, Masatomo Ishioh, Sho Igarashi, Takuya Funayama, Shima Kumei, Masumi Ohhira
Summary: Brain oxytocin plays an important role in regulating intestinal barrier function. It can reduce colonic hyperpermeability and this effect is mediated by the vagal cholinergic pathway or cannabinoid 1 receptor signaling. This finding suggests that activation of central oxytocin signaling may be beneficial for the treatment of leaky gut-related diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome and autism.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Kaja Kasarello, Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska, Katarzyna Czarzasta
Summary: The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a large number of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses. The gut microbiota influences the host organism and vice versa through immune, neural, and endocrine signaling pathways. Immune communication relies on cytokines, while neural communication occurs through the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system. Endocrine communication involves the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This review focuses on the role of neurotransmitters, intestinal peptides, and bacterial metabolites in inter-organ communication mediated by the gut microbiota.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meenakshi Kandpal, Omkar Indari, Budhadev Baral, Shweta Jakhmola, Deeksha Tiwari, Vasundhra Bhandari, Rajan Kumar Pandey, Kiran Bala, Avinash Sonawane, Hem Chandra Jha
Summary: The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication network that connects the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. It plays a crucial role in linking gut health to higher cognitive functions of the brain. Disruption of this connection can lead to various neurological and gastrointestinal problems. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the dysfunction of specific populations of neurons and the accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates. These disorders are not only caused by changes in neural tissue, but also by non-neural factors. The gut microbiota and intestinal dysbiosis have been shown to be potential factors in the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kirsteen N. Browning, Kaitlin E. Carson
Summary: Regulation of energy balance involves complex integration of homeostatic and hedonic pathways, with sensory inputs from the gastrointestinal tract playing critical roles. Information is relayed to the CNS via the vagus nerve, with various CNS areas modulating vagal efferent output to regulate gastric and intestinal function, affecting meal size, termination, and nutrient absorption. Dysregulated GI functions and feeding behavior are associated with CNS disorders, emphasizing the importance of gut-related inputs in regulating food intake.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Grace Hey, Navya Nair, Emily Klann, Anjela Gurrala, Delaram Safarpour, Volker Mai, Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora, Vinata Vedam-Mai
Summary: The gut microbiota, a key component of the gut-brain axis, is suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). This review examines the impact of medication and device-assisted therapies on the gut microbiota in PD patients. The complex and individual nature of the gut microbiota in PD, along with various external factors, warrants further investigation into the response of the gut microbiota to therapies.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Dulce M. Minaya, Rachel Wanty Larson, Piotr Podlasz, Krzysztof Czaja
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Waldemar Sienkiewicz, Agnieszka Dudek, Krzysztof Czaja, Maciej Janeczek, Aleksander Chroszcz, Jerzy Kaleczyc
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hannah Kittrell, William Graber, Evelyn Mariani, Krzysztof Czaja, Andras Hajnal, Patricia M. Di Lorenzo
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Piotr Podlasz, Anna Jakimiuk, Natalia Kasica-Jarosz, Krzysztof Czaja, Krzysztof Wasowicz
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carlos A. Campos, Anna J. Bowen, Carolyn W. Roman, Richard D. Palmiter
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sedona N. Ewbank, Carlos A. Campos, Jane Y. Chen, Anna J. Bowen, Stephanie L. Padilla, Joseph L. Dempsey, Julia Yue Cui, Richard D. Palmiter
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chelsea L. Faber, Jennifer D. Deem, Carlos A. Campos, Gerald J. Taborsky, Gregory J. Morton
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Woo Seok Kim, Sungcheol Hong, Milenka Gamero, Vivekanand Jeevakumar, Clay M. Smithhart, Theodore J. Price, Richard D. Palmiter, Carlos Campos, Sung Il Park
Summary: The study introduces a novel wireless optoelectronic device for precise and chronic in vivo optogenetic manipulations of peripheral neural circuits. The research uncovers the role of specific stomach neural fibers in suppressing appetite.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Fiona Harnischfeger, Flynn O'Connell, Michael Weiss, Brandon Axelrod, Andras Hajnal, Krzysztof Czaja, Patricia M. Di Lorenzo, Robin Dando
Summary: Studies show that high energy diet can cause peripheral taste system damage in obese rats, which cannot be reversed even with a return to regular diet. Reduction in taste buds and cell apoptosis may be potential mechanisms for obesity-related taste dysfunction.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dulce M. Minaya, Noah L. Weinstein, Krzysztof Czaja
Summary: This study successfully implemented cecal fistula implantation using 3D printing technology, providing an effective method for long-term and minimally invasive access to the gut microbiome. The fistula implantation had no significant impact on food intake, body weight, fat mass, or microglia activation, but temporarily reduced gut microbial diversity.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Olga D. Escanilla, Andras Hajnal, Krzysztof Czaja, Patricia M. Di Lorenzo
Summary: Previous studies have shown that taste responses in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) are impaired in rats with diet-induced obesity (DIO), and this impairment can be partially reversed by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna J. Bowen, Y. Waterlily Huang, Jane Y. Chen, Jordan L. Pauli, Carlos A. Campos, Richard D. Palmiter
Summary: Adaptive behavior requires the use of both memories and ongoing experience. Amygdala neurons in mice encode sensory information to contribute to appropriate behaviors in response to both predicted and ongoing threats. The central amygdala (CeA), specifically the Calcrl-expressing population, receives spatially defined representations of internal and external stimuli, with different regions of the CeA responding to different types of threats and promoting different behaviors. The rostral CeA neurons promote locomotor responses to externally sourced threats, while the caudal CeA neurons are activated by internal threats and promote passive coping behaviors and associative valence coding. During associative fear learning, rostral CeA neurons stably encode the occurrence of noxious stimuli, while caudal CeA neurons acquire predictive responses, allowing for valence-aligned representations of current and future threats for the generation of adaptive behaviors.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Carlee Harris, Krzysztof Czaja
Summary: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is caused by insulin resistance and poor diet. High frequency eating disrupts the circadian clock and gut microbiome, leading to T2D. An improved diet with meal consistency, avoiding late-night eating, low meal frequency, and fasting can improve metabolic health and T2D. Early time-restricted eating (TRE) is more beneficial than other fasting methods.
Article
Neurosciences
Alexandra C. Vaughn, Erin M. Cooper, Patricia M. DiLorenzo, Levi J. O'Loughlin, Michael E. Konkel, James H. Peters, Andras Hajnal, Tanusree Sens, Sun Hye Lee, Claire B. de La Serre, Krzysztof Czaja
ACTA NEUROBIOLOGIAE EXPERIMENTALIS
(2017)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Jennifer F. Thorson, Neely L. Heidorn, Vitaly Ryu, Krzysztof Czaja, Danny J. Nonneman, C. Richard Barb, Gary J. Hausman, Gary A. Rohrer, Ligia D. Prezotto, Richard B. McCosh, Elane C. Wright, Brett R. White, Bradley A. Freking, William T. Oliver, Stanley M. Hileman, Clay A. Lents
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
(2017)