Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Clara Abraham, Maria T. Abreu, Jerrold R. Turner
Summary: This review focuses on the role of pattern recognition receptors in the inflammatory response and regulation of epithelial barrier in inflammatory bowel disease. It explores the cytokine networks that contribute to inflammation, regulation of paracellular permeability, epithelial damage, up-regulation of epithelial proliferation, and restitutive processes. Patient samples are used in studies and potential pathways for a more comprehensive treatment approach for patients with inflammatory bowel disease are speculated.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rina Fujiwara-Tani, Shiori Mori, Ruiko Ogata, Rika Sasaki, Ayaka Ikemoto, Shingo Kishi, Masuo Kondoh, Hiroki Kuniyasu
Summary: CLDN4 is a crucial component of tight junctions in epithelial cells and is overexpressed in many epithelial malignancies. Changes in CLDN4 expression are associated with epigenetic factors, inflammation, and growth factor signaling. CLDN4 plays a role in maintaining the tumor microenvironment and acts as a barrier to anticancer drug entry.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthias Friedrich, Mathilde Pohin, Matthew A. Jackson, Ilya Korsunsky, Samuel J. Bullers, Kevin Rue-Albrecht, Zoe Christoforidou, Dharshan Sathananthan, Tom Thomas, Rahul Ravindran, Ruchi Tandon, Raphael Sanches Peres, Hannah Sharpe, Kevin Wei, Gerald F. M. Watts, Elizabeth H. Mann, Alessandra Geremia, Moustafa Attar, Francesca Barone, Francesca Barone, Michael Brenner, Christopher D. Buckley, Mark Coles, Andreas P. Frei, Kara G. Lassen, Fiona M. Powrie, Sarah McCuaig, Lloyd Thomas, Elena Collantes, Holm H. Uhlig, Stephen N. Sansom, Alistair Easton, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Simon P. Travis, Fiona M. Powrie
Summary: Transcriptomic and histological profiling of gut biopsies from multiple cohorts of patients with inflammatory bowel disease revealed distinct histopathological, molecular and cellular features associated with treatment response. The identification of different tissue pathotypes may aid in targeting current therapies more precisely and provides a biological basis for IL-1 signaling blockade in ulcerating disease.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yunika Mayangsari, Mayu Okudaira, Chinatsu Mano, Yuki Tanaka, Osamu Ueda, Tomohiro Sakuta, Yoshiharu Suzuki, Yoshinari Yamamoto, Takuya Suzuki
Summary: Research showed that DMF can enhance intestinal TJ barrier integrity by increasing the expression of occludin and claudin-1, while reducing the expression of claudin-2. This regulation involves the induction of occludin protein translation via mTOR and silencing Cldn2 mRNA via miR-16-5p.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Koya Suzuki, Kosuke Yamaga, Reitaro Tokumasu, Tatsuya Katsuno, Hiroo Tanaka, Shuhei Chiba, Takeshi Yagi, Ichiro Katayama, Atsushi Tamura, Hiroyuki Murota, Sachiko Tsukita
Summary: Hair retention in infant mice is regulated by Claudin (CLDN)-1 and CLDN3, which maintain the appropriate layered architecture of hair follicles. Deficiencies in these proteins can lead to hair loss.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yinjie Guo, Canxia Xu, Renjie Gong, Tingzi Hu, Xue Zhang, Xiaoran Xie, Jingshu Chi, Huan Li, Xiujuan Xia, Xiaoming Liu
Summary: Chronic infection with CagA(+)H. pylori aggravates DSS-induced chronic colitis by compromising the colonic mucosal barrier integrity through exosome-mediated mechanisms involving upregulation of Claudin-2 expression at the transcriptional level.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yongfu Wang, Jingjing Liu, Ziwei Huang, Yucui Li, Yuanyuan Liang, Chaodan Luo, Chen Ni, Jianhui Xie, Ziren Su, Jiannan Chen, Cailan Li
Summary: Coptisine has demonstrated therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis by maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier, inhibiting apoptosis, and inflammatory response.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kendra L. Francis, Kimberly M. Alonge, Maria Cristina Pacheco, Shannon J. Hu, Cody A. Krutzsch, Gregory J. Morton, Michael W. Schwartz, Jarrad M. Scarlett
Summary: This study found that diabetes worsened clinical and histopathologic outcomes of colitis in mice with diet-induced obesity, possibly due to hyperglycemia-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. These findings suggest that effective diabetes management may decrease the clinical severity of inflammatory bowel disease.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Aya Harasawa, Shiori Ishiyama, Kazuki Mochizuki
Summary: This study found that indigestible carbohydrates can directly strengthen tight junctions in intestinal absorptive cells and investigated the association between genes constructing tight junctions and other genes using mRNA microarray analysis. The results showed that intake of fructo-oligosaccharides could decrease the expression of CLDN2 gene, which weakens tight junctions, and increase the expression of CLDN4 gene, which strengthens tight junctions, in Caco-2 cells. It also induced the expression of inflammatory genes, including CLEC7A.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kumi Takasawa, Akira Takasawa, Taishi Akimoto, Kazufumi Magara, Tomoyuki Aoyama, Hiroshi Kitajima, Taro Murakami, Yusuke Ono, Daisuke Kyuno, Hiromu Suzuki, Makoto Osanai
Summary: The abnormal expression of claudin-1 in cervical adenocarcinoma cells not only affects conventional tight junction functions, but also influences the expression and activity of a wide range of proteins associated with cell adhesion and actin cytoskeleton remodeling, contributing to malignant potentials and microvilli formation.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kenta Shigetomi, Yumiko Ono, Kenji Matsuzawa, Junichi Ikenouchi
Summary: It has been found that cholesterol accumulation is essential for the formation of tight junctions, which are crucial for the epithelial barrier. Despite the absence of tight junctions, cholesterol still accumulates normally in the vicinity of the apical junctions. Moreover, a claudin mutant that cannot bind to Zonula Occludens (ZO) proteins can still form tight junction strands. ZO proteins are not only scaffolds for claudins, but also promote the formation of cholesterol-rich membrane domains at apical junctions through their effect on the junctional actomyosin cytoskeleton.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Paula Marincola Smith, Yash A. Choksi, Nicholas O. Markham, David N. Hanna, Jinghuan Zi, Connie J. Weaver, Jalal A. Hamaamen, Keeli B. Lewis, Jing Yang, Qi Liu, Izumi Kaji, Anna L. Means, R. Daniel Beauchamp
Summary: This study reveals that canonical TGF beta family signaling modulates the expression of critical tight junction proteins in colon epithelial cells, and that the expression of these tight junction proteins is associated with the maintenance of colon epithelial barrier function in mice.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Natascha Roehlen, Marion Muller, Zeina Nehme, Emilie Crouchet, Frank Juhling, Fabio Del Zompo, Sara Cherradi, Francois H. T. Duong, Nuno Almeida, Antonio Saviano, Mirian Fernandez-Vaquero, Tobias Riedl, Houssein El Saghire, Sarah C. Durand, Clara Ponsolles, Marine A. Oudot, Romain Martin, Nicolas Brignon, Emanuele Felli, Patrick Pessaux, Antonin Lallement, Irwin Davidson, Simonetta Bandiera, Christine Thumann, Patrice Marchand, Solange Moll, Brandon Nicolay, Nabeel Bardeesy, Yujin Hoshida, Mathias Heikenwaelder, Roberto Iacone, Alberto Toso, Markus Meyer, Greg Elson, Tamas Schweighoffer, Geoffrey Teixeira, Mirjam B. Zeisel, Patrice Laquerriere, Joachim Lupberger, Catherine Schuster, Laurent Mailly, Thomas F. Baumert
Summary: In this study, the role of CLDN1 as a therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was investigated using humanized monoclonal antibodies targeting non-junctional CLDN1 and various cell and animal models. The results demonstrated that targeting non-junctional CLDN1 significantly suppressed tumor growth and invasion, and affected tumor stemness, metabolism, oncogenic signaling, and the tumor immune microenvironment. These findings provide a rationale for targeting CLDN1 in the treatment of advanced HCC and lay the foundation for the development of CLDN1-specific monoclonal antibodies for clinical use.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fumisato Maesaka, Masaomi Kuwada, Shohei Horii, Shingo Kishi, Rina Fujiwara-Tani, Shiori Mori, Kiyomu Fujii, Takuya Mori, Hitoshi Ohmori, Takuya Owari, Makito Miyake, Yasushi Nakai, Nobumichi Tanaka, Ujjal Kumar Bhawal, Yi Luo, Masuo Kondoh, Kiyohide Fujimoto, Hiroki Kuniyasu
Summary: In bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC), the overexpression of CLDN4 is associated with cancer progression. Through analyzing BUC cases, it was found that hypomethylation of CLDN4 promoter DNA increases CLDN4 expression and promotes cell proliferation, stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Treatment with demethylating agent AZA leads to excessive CLDN4 expression, specifically the TJ-unintegrated CLDN4 monomer. The TJ-unintegrated CLDN4 binds to integrin beta 1 and enhances stemness, drug resistance, and metastatic ability of the cells, as well as exhibits an anti-apoptosis effect via FAK phosphorylation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yuhan Ding, Kun Wang, Chang Xu, Mengdi Hao, Huimin Li, Lei Ding
Summary: This study found that the deletion of the Cldn7 gene increased susceptibility to colitis and may lead to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. The research reveals the important role of Cldn7 in intestinal barrier protection and provides new insights into the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
BMC GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Andreas Fischer, Alain B. Zemkoho, Shenglong Zhou
Summary: This paper studies the bilevel optimization problem and proposes a new solution framework that achieves global and local optimization of the problem. Extensive numerical experiments demonstrate the good performance of the method in handling various nonlinear bilevel optimization problems.
OPTIMIZATION METHODS & SOFTWARE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
E. Merola, A. Pascher, A. Rinke, D. K. Bartsch, A. Zerbi, G. Nappo, C. Carnaghi, M. Ciola, M. G. McNamara, W. Zandee, E. Bertani, S. Marcucci, R. Modica, R. Gruetzmann, N. Fazio, W. de Herder, J. W. Valle, T. M. Gress, G. Delle Fave, G. de Pretis, A. Perren, B. Wiedenmann, M. E. Pavel
Summary: This retrospective study analyzed completely resected EP-NETs and found that approximately 30% of patients experience recurrence within 5 years after radical surgery. Through multivariable analysis, a prognostic score was determined, which includes TNM stage, lymph node ratio, margin status, and grading. The results of this study aid in identifying high-risk patients for recurrence and selecting appropriate adjuvant treatments and intensive follow-up programs.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Andreas Fischer, Burcin Ozdirik, Dominik Geisel, Thomas Malinka, Stefan Pahl
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Richard Ciesielski, Leonhard M. Lohr, Analia Fernandez Herrero, Andreas Fischer, Alexander Grothe, Heiko Mentzel, Frank Scholze, Victor Soltwisch
Summary: The semiconductor industry requires constant upgrading of metrological methods and equipment to accommodate smaller and more complex nanostructures. Nanometrology plays a crucial role in accurately determining the structural features and elemental composition of nanoscale gratings. Scatterometry and X-ray fluorescence in the soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet spectral ranges are ideal for this task. This study introduces a new compact measurement chamber that can simultaneously detect the elastically scattered signal and the fluorescence of nanoscale grating samples.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Raik Otto, Katharina M. Detjen, Pamela Riemer, Melanie Fattohi, Carsten Groetzinger, Guido Rindi, Bertram Wiedenmann, Christine Sers, Ulf Leser
Summary: Machine learning approaches can improve the classification accuracy of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN), but usually require large amounts of training data. This study used machine learning-aided classification based on the similarity between NEN and non-transformed pancreatic cell types to predict patient survival time, neoplastic grading, and carcinoma versus tumor subclassification, providing additional criteria for confident classification of ambiguous cases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Philipp Bengel, Manar Elkenani, Bo E. Beuthner, Maik Pietzner, Belal A. Mohamed, Beatrix Pollok-Kopp, Ralph Kraetzner, Karl Toischer, Miriam Puls, Andreas Fischer, Lutz Binder, Gerd Hasenfuss, Moritz Schnelle
Summary: Severe aortic stenosis (AS) is a common pathological condition in an ageing population imposing significant morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the metabolic changes in different hemodynamic conditions of AS, and this study aimed to investigate the metabolomic profiles of different AS subtypes.
Article
Oncology
Wiebke Werner, Katharina Detjen, Alix Bruneau, Isabella Lurje, Natalie Nestel, Henning Jann, Frank Tacke, Bertram Wiedenmann, Christoph Roderburg, Linda Hammerich
Summary: In a retrospective study on neuroendocrine tumors, the levels of FLT3LG mRNA were found to be correlated with the abundance of immune cells cDC and T cells, which also predicted disease-specific survival. The combination of FLT3LG and T cell counts improved this prediction, suggesting their potential as prognostic markers.
ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Evelyn Kidess, Yvonne Giesecke, Ines Eichhorn, Raphael Mohr, Henning Jann, Christian Fischer, Bertram Wiedenmann, Christoph Roderburg, Frank Tacke, Michael Sigal
Summary: The study aimed to analyze plasma concentrations of OPN in patients with NEN and explore its diagnostic and prognostic value. The results showed that OPN levels were significantly higher in NEN patients compared to healthy controls, with the highest levels in high-grade tumors (grade 3). In addition, patients with initial OPN levels above 200 ng/ml had a poor prognosis in terms of shorter progression-free survival, both in the overall NEN patient group and within the subgroup of well-differentiated G1/G2 tumors. Therefore, OPN can serve as a surrogate prognostic biomarker in NEN patients.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Karine Arrhenius, Lorena Francini, Andreas Fischer, Oliver Buker, Laurent Garcia Arques
Summary: In this study, the performances of a custom-built optical feedback cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (OFCEAS) instrument were evaluated for the determination of energy gases composition. The comparison with gas chromatographic method showed that the OFCEAS measurement technique can measure both main components and trace components with a 2% measurement uncertainty. The OFCEAS method has the advantages of fast response, no daily calibration requirement, and online implementation.
MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lena Wiedmann, Francesca De Angelis Rigotti, Nuria Vaquero-Siguero, Elisa Donato, Elisa Espinet, Iris Moll, Elisenda Alsina-Sanchis, Hanibal Bohnenberger, Elena Fernandez-Florido, Ronja Muelfarth, Margherita Vacca, Jennifer Gerwing, Lena-Christin Conradi, Philipp Stroebel, Andreas Trumpp, Carolin Mogler, Andreas Fischer, Juan Rodriguez-Vita
Summary: The presence of peritoneal metastasis in pancreatic cancers is associated with poor prognosis. The authors found that HAPLN1 promotes tumor cell plasticity and pro-tumoral immune microenvironment to facilitate peritoneal dissemination in pancreatic cancers.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Frederico Costa, Bertram Wiedenmann, Christoph Roderburg, Raphael Mohr, Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of death in liver cirrhosis patients. Immuno-oncology has revolutionized the treatment for advanced HCC, but most trials exclude patients with moderate liver dysfunction. Patients with HCC and moderate liver dysfunction have a low overall survival rate with sorafenib treatment, indicating the need for improved treatment strategies.
Article
Mathematics
Andreas Fischer, Igor Litvinchev, Tetyana Romanova, Petro Stetsyuk, Georgiy Yaskov
Summary: This paper explores the optimized packing of different spheres into a given spherical container under non-standard placement conditions. The packing aims to maximize the total number of packed spheres subject to ratio, partial overlapping, and quasi-containment conditions. A nonlinear mixed-integer optimization model is proposed for this problem, and a heuristic algorithm is developed. Computational results for finding global solutions for small instances and good feasible solutions for large instances are provided.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Andre Bittermann, Andreas Fischer
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Uwe Scheithauer, Tetyana Romanova, Oleksandr Pankratov, Eric Schwarzer-Fischer, Martin Schwentenwein, Florian Ertl, Andreas Fischer
Summary: Thanks to additive manufacturing (AM) processes, components with complex geometries can now be flexibly produced. However, AM technologies have only been widely used in limited industrial applications due to high manufacturing costs. This study presents a new approach for optimizing component arrangement in order to reduce manufacturing costs. An example is used to demonstrate a 70% increase in the number of components on a building platform or a 44% reduction in the number of building platforms needed. A three-step method is proposed for automatic optimization of manufacturing preparation for AM components in the future.
CERAMICS-SWITZERLAND
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Cybernetics
T. E. Romanova, P. I. Stetsyuk, A. Fischer, G. M. Yaskov
Summary: The paper explores the packing problem of circles in a circular container, considering pseudo-inclusion and proportionality conditions. A mathematical model is developed as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. A heuristic algorithm is proposed to maximize the total number of circles in the container by optimizing their variable radii. Computational experiments are conducted to validate the approach.
CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
(2023)