Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Karol Nowicki-Osuch, Lizhe Zhuang, Sriganesh Jammula, Christopher W. Bleaney, Krishnaa T. Mahbubani, Ginny Devonshire, Annalise Katz-Summercorn, Nils Eling, Anna Wilbrey-Clark, Elo Madissoon, John Gamble, Massimiliano Di Pietro, Maria O'Donovan, Kerstin B. Meyer, Kourosh Saeb-Parsy, Andrew D. Sharrocks, Sarah A. Teichmann, John C. Marioni, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
Summary: This study revealed that Barrett's esophagus originates from the gastric cardia through specific transcriptional programs. Esophageal adenocarcinoma likely arises from undifferentiated Barrett's esophagus cell types, even in the absence of a clearly identifiable metaplastic precursor. This finding has important implications for early cancer detection strategies.
Review
Oncology
Lu Zhang, Binyu Sun, Xi Zhou, QiongQiong Wei, Sicheng Liang, Gang Luo, Tao Li, Muhan Lu
Summary: This article briefly describes the etiology and clinical significance of intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus, as well as its impact on diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment according to different guidelines. The basis for endoscopic diagnosis and identification techniques of goblet cells in Barrett's esophagus are explored, along with current treatment methods related to the condition.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Anant Madabhushi, Paula Toro, Joseph E. Willis
Summary: The study by Waterhouse and colleagues described the development of an artificial intelligence approach combined with spectral imaging for improving endoscopic detection of Barrett's esophagus-related neoplasia. A spectral endoscope was developed to define multispectral data correlated with histopathology, and a convolutional neural network was trained to distinguish Barrett's esophagus from Barrett's esophagus neoplasia. The results suggest the potential utility of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
A. C. Katz-Summercorn, S. Jammula, A. Frangou, I Peneva, M. O'Donovan, M. Tripathi, S. Malhotra, M. di Pietro, S. Abbas, G. Devonshire, W. Januszewicz, A. Blasko, K. Nowicki-Osuch, S. MacRae, A. Northrop, A. M. Redmond, D. C. Wedge, R. C. Fitzgerald
Summary: In this study, a multi-omics analysis was performed on a cohort of Barrett's esophagus patients, revealing the impact of structural variants on disease progression and molecular events. The results show that genomic complexity occurs early in Barrett's esophagus and is associated with increased gene expression related to chromosomal instability, cell cycle, and DNA repair.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter M. M. Stawinski, Karolina N. N. Dziadkowiec, Lily A. A. Kuo, Juan Echavarria, Shreyas Saligram
Summary: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a premalignant mucosal transformation characterized by the replacement of esophageal squamous epithelium with metaplastic columnar epithelium. It is associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma and is often caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease. Screening for BE is selective based on risk factors and is not recommended for the general population. Diagnosis involves endoscopic recognition, targeted biopsies, and histologic confirmation of columnar metaplasia. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, screening, and advanced techniques for detecting and eradicating Barrett's esophagus.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Maja Mejza, Ewa Malecka-Wojciesko
Summary: Barrett's esophagus is a precancerous condition of the esophagus, characterized by a salmon-colored lining and the presence of columnar epithelium with goblet cells. It is associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma, a tumor with poor survival rates and increasing incidence. The diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus remain a topic of ongoing debate. This article provides an overview of current recommendations and new discoveries in this field.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
James A. Evans, Emanuela Carlotti, Meng-Lay Lin, Richard J. Hackett, Magnus J. Haughey, Adam M. Passman, Lorna Dunn, George Elia, Ross J. Porter, Mairi H. McLean, Frances Hughes, Joanne ChinAleong, Philip Woodland, Sean L. Preston, S. Michael Griffin, Laurence Lovat, Manuel Rodriguez-Justo, Weini Huang, Nicholas A. Wright, Marnix Jansen, Stuart A. C. McDonald
Summary: This study investigated the distribution of gland phenotypes in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and found that diverse gland phenotypes represent an evolutionary process, with changes in gland diversity potentially playing a role in disease progression.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmed Sam Beydoun, Kaleigh A. Stabenau, Kenneth W. Altman, Nikki Johnston
Summary: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is increasing rapidly and has a poor prognosis, often preceded by Barrett's esophagus (BE). This review provides an overview of BE, EAC, and the progression from BE to EAC. The definition, diagnosis, epidemiology, and risk factors for both conditions are discussed, with special attention given to areas of debate. The progression from BE to EAC is likely driven by inflammatory pathways, pepsin exposure, upregulation of growth factor pathways, and mitochondrial changes. Surveillance is conducted through serial endoscopic evaluation, with shorter intervals recommended for high-risk features.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Georg A. Busslinger, Buys de Barbanson, Rurika Oka, Bas L. A. Weusten, Michiel de Maat, Richard van Hillegersberg, Lodewijk A. A. Brosens, Ruben van Boxtel, Alexander van Oudenaarden, Hans Clevers
Summary: Barrett's esophagus is categorized into different stages based on morphological appearance, which correlate with the risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma. Single-cell sequencing experiments revealed chromosomal instabilities in dysplastic BE cells, with stable cells predominantly found in nondysplastic BE biopsies. The datasets provide insight into the mutational landscape and gene expression patterns at different stages of BE development.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eszter Becskehazi, Marietta Margareta Korsos, Eleonora Gal, Laszlo Tiszlavicz, Zsofia Hoyk, Maria A. Deli, Zoltan Marton Kohler, Aniko Keller-Pinter, Attila Horvath, Kata Cseko, Zsuzsanna Helyes, Peter Hegyi, Viktoria Venglovecz
Summary: The study suggests that smoking affects the function of ion transporters, playing a role in the development of smoking-induced esophageal diseases. In metaplastic cells, CSE treatment increased the activity and protein expression of NHE-1, reducing proliferation in a NHE-1-dependent manner. Contrarily, in normal cells, the expression and activity of NHE-1 decreased due to smoke exposure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pelin Ergun, Sezgi Kipcak, Serhat Bor
Summary: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a condition resulting from chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, which may progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The histological dysplasia grade is commonly used as a biomarker, but its effectiveness is limited due to cost and lack of progression in many BE patients. Clinicians require multiple or more quantitative biomarkers for early diagnosis of EAC, which has high mortality. Epigenetic factors in the early stages of neoplastic transformation show promise as predictive biomarkers. This review summarizes current research on DNA methylations, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs (miRNAs) during the progression from BE dysplasia to EAC.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Edward H. Tsoi, Puneet Mahindra, Georgina Cameron, Richard Williams, Richard Norris, Paul Desmond, Spiro Raftopoulos, Darren Pavey, Arti Rattan, Luke F. Hourigan, Richard Lee, Michael J. Bourke, Naaz Sidhu, Rajvinder Singh, Andrew Chan, Sudarshan Krishnamurthi, Andrew C. F. Taylor
Summary: This study aimed to determine the proportion of prevalent HGD or EAC detected in Barrett's esophagus (BE) patients referred from the community with a recent diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia (LGD). The results showed that BERU assessment endoscopy identified more visible lesions than community referral endoscopy and identified HGD or EAC in 27% of patients referred from the community with a recent diagnosis of LGD. Reported progression rates from LGD to HGD or EAC may be overestimated.
GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Diana L. Snyder, Michael D. Crowell, Allon Kahn, W. Leroy Griffing, Sarah Umar, Francisco C. Ramirez
Summary: This study is the largest on the prevalence of BE in women with SSc, revealing a prevalence of 12.8%. Women with SSc with BE were more likely to show features of a scleroderma esophagus on HRM. The high prevalence and incidence of dysplasia found suggest that women with SSc should be included in screening recommendations for BE.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Elissa M. Ozanne, Elisabeth R. Silver, Sameer D. Saini, Joel H. Rubenstein, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Nicole Bowers, Sarah Xinhui Tan, John M. Inadomi, Chin Hur
Summary: Physicians' recommendations for BE surveillance cessation vary based on patient age, comorbidities, and BE length, with age showing the most significant variation in decisions. It appears that age and comorbidities influence BE surveillance cessation decisions, but with differences among clinicians. Clear guidelines balancing the risks and benefits of BE surveillance cessation are needed.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Chika Kusano, Rajvinder Singh, Yeong Yeh Lee, Yu Sen Alex Soh, Prateek Sharma, Khek-Yu Ho, Takuji Gotoda
Summary: Endoscopic diagnosis is crucial for early detection of esophageal adenocarcinoma and esophagogastric junction cancer. However, there are significant differences in diagnostic methods for Barrett's esophagus among international guidelines. Clarifying the location of the gastroesophageal junction is important for defining Barrett's esophagus, but it can be difficult due to air entry or reflux esophagitis. Non-targeted biopsies are commonly used to detect intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer in Barrett's esophagus. Advanced imaging technologies and artificial intelligence have shown promising results in diagnosing Barrett's esophagus.
DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY
(2022)