Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Camilla Bean, Matteo Audano, Tatiana Varanita, Francesca Favaretto, Marta Medaglia, Marco Gerdol, Lena Pernas, Fabio Stasi, Marta Giacomello, Stephanie Herkenne, Maheswany Muniandy, Sini Heinonen, Emma Cazaly, Miina Ollikainen, Gabriella Milan, Alberto Pallavicini, Kirsi H. Pietilainen, Roberto Vettor, Nico Mitro, Luca Scorrano
Summary: The study demonstrates that the mitochondrial cristae biogenesis protein Opa1 plays a role in cell-autonomous adipocyte browning through the regulation of the urea cycle. The findings suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity and highlight the connection between the urea cycle and adipocyte browning.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hyunjung Lee, Tae Youl Ha, Chang Hwa Jung, Farida Sukma Nirmala, So-Young Park, Yang Hoon Huh, Jiyun Ahn
Summary: The study revealed that acute insulin resistance coincides with mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle, leading to impaired mitochondrial function and the development of acute insulin resistance. Improving mitochondrial function has significant potential in treating acute insulin resistance.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Saori Kakehi, Yoshifumi Tamura, Shin-Ichi Ikeda, Naoko Kaga, Hikari Taka, Noriko Ueno, Tetsuya Shiuchi, Atsushi Kubota, Keishoku Sakuraba, Ryuzo Kawamori, Hirotaka Watada
Summary: Physical inactivity impairs muscle insulin sensitivity, potentially through increased intramyocellular diacylglycerol and PKC ε activity, reduced phosphorylation of IR β and Akt, and enhanced activity of Lipin1.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Gatto, Angela Di Porzio, Raffaella Crescenzo, Valentina Barrella, Susanna Iossa, Arianna Mazzoli
Summary: The short-term consumption of a high-fructose diet has a significant impact on skeletal muscle metabolism, with more pronounced effects in young individuals than in adults. The study found that young rats showed marked mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative damage, leading to a decrease in insulin sensitivity. These findings highlight the importance of reducing fructose intake, especially in young people, to maintain metabolic health.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Katie L. Whytock, Maria F. Pino, Yifei Sun, GongXin Yu, Flavia G. De Carvalho, Reichelle X. Yeo, Rick B. Vega, Gaganvir Parmar, Adeline Divoux, Nidhi Kapoor, Fancaho Yi, Heather Cornnell, David A. Patten, Mary-Ellen Harper, Stephen J. Gardell, Steven R. Smith, Martin J. Walsh, Lauren M. Sparks
Summary: This study compares the skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity between lean and active individuals, obese individuals, and individuals with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. The results show no discernable differences in mitochondrial capacity between obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes, highlighting a dissociation from skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Lean and active individuals have higher mitochondrial capacity compared to the other two groups.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Carolyn Chee, Chris E. Shannon, Aisling Burns, Anna L. Selby, Daniel Wilkinson, Kenneth Smith, Paul L. Greenhaff, Francis B. Stephens
Summary: Increasing muscle total carnitine content in older men can enhance fat oxidation and intramyocellular lipid utilization during exercise. However, this intervention did not lead to improvements in resting insulin-stimulated whole-body or skeletal muscle glucose disposal. Further research is needed to explore the potential metabolic benefits of carnitine supplementation in older adults with impaired lipid turnover.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vinaya Simha, Ian R. Lanza, Surendra Dasari, Katherine A. Klaus, Nathan Le Brasseur, Ivan Vuckovic, Marcello C. Laurenti, Claudio Cobelli, John D. Port, K. Sreekumaran Nair
Summary: Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) is characterized by muscle hypertrophy and insulin resistance. However, FPL patients do not show increased muscle strength despite their muscularity, and experience earlier fatigue during exercise. This is accompanied by impaired mitochondrial function and altered gene expression, which may explain the metabolic abnormalities and skeletal muscle dysfunction in FPL patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Patrycja Bielawiec, Ewa Harasim-Symbor, Klaudia Sztolsztener, Karolina Konstantynowicz-Nowicka, Adrian Chabowski
Summary: Excessive intake of fatty acids leads to oxidative stress and inflammation, while CBD has potential therapeutic properties by improving the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, preventing lipid peroxidation, and attenuating inflammatory response in skeletal muscles.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wenliang Zhang, Baiyang You, Dake Qi, Ling Qiu, Jeffrey W. Ripley-Gonzalez, Fan Zheng, Siqian Fu, Cui Li, Yaoshan Dun, Suixin Liu
Summary: Obesity can cause skeletal muscle dysfunction, while Trimetazidine has the potential to improve muscle atrophy, correct metabolic abnormalities, and enhance mitochondrial quality control.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bugga Paramesha, Mohammed Soheb Anwar, Himanshu Meghwani, Subir Kumar Maulik, Sudheer Kumar Arava, Sanjay K. Banerjee
Summary: Activation of Sirt1 and Sirt3 improved cardiac structural and functional parameters in high fructose diet-induced insulin-resistant rats, by reducing insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and enhancing mitochondrial function. However, there was no observed synergistic effect of the combination of SRT1720 and Oroxylin-A.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bruno Luiz da Silva Pieri, Matheus Scarpatto Rodrigues, Hemelin Resende Farias, Gustavo de Bem Silveira, Victoria de Souza Gomes da Cunha Ribeiro, Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira, Claudio Teodoro De Souza
Summary: Insulin resistance is the link between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and oxidative stress may play a role in this process. This study found that NAC supplementation improved insulin resistance and blood glucose levels by reducing oxidative stress.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emma K. Rautenberg, Yassin Hamzaoui, Dawn K. Coletta
Summary: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity present major challenges in public health. Understanding the molecular mechanisms contributing to these metabolic disorders, particularly insulin resistance, is crucial. Impaired mitochondria structure and function are common features in insulin-resistant individuals with T2D or obesity, potentially due to epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded genes. Investigating mitochondrial abnormalities is important for gaining insights into the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Arianna Mazzoli, Cristina Gatto, Raffaella Crescenzo, Luisa Cigliano, Susanna Iossa
Summary: The study found that unhealthy diets during adolescence can lead to prolonged dysregulation of liver metabolic activity, persisting even after dietary improvements have been made.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liselotte Bruun Christiansen, Tine Lovso Dohlmann, Trine Pagh Ludvigsen, Ewa Parfieniuk, Michal Ciborowski, Lukasz Szczerbinski, Adam Kretowski, Claus Desler, Luca Tiano, Patrick Orlando, Torben Martinussen, Lisbeth Hoier Olsen, Steen Larsen
Summary: The study investigated the tissue-specific effects of chronic statin therapy on mitochondrial function in liver, heart, and skeletal muscle. The results suggest that statins may reduce mitochondrial respiratory capacity in the liver while having opposite effects on the heart and skeletal muscle.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Nicholas A. Brennan, Kenneth W. Fishbein, David A. Reiter, Luigi Ferrucci, Richard G. Spencer
Summary: Research has shown that muscle density decreases with age, and this decline is associated with the accumulation of intramyocellular lipid (IMCL). In a study involving 314 healthy participants, higher IMCL concentrations were correlated with lower muscle density in older individuals, independent of age, sex, race, and obesity-related factors. These findings suggest that IMCL accumulation may be a potential therapeutic target for age-associated decreased muscle function.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Lisanne H. P. Houben, Maarten Overkamp, Puck Van Kraaij, Jorn Trommelen, Joep G. H. Van Roermund, Peter De Vries, Kevin De Laet, Saskia van der Meer, Ulla R. Mikkelsen, Lex B. Verdijk, Luc J. C. Van Loon, Sandra Beijer, Milou Beelen
Summary: This study aimed to assess the effects of 20 wk resistance exercise training with or without protein supplementation on body composition, muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and aerobic capacity in prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The results showed that resistance exercise training can counteract the adverse effects of ADT on body composition, muscle mass, muscle strength, and aerobic capacity, while protein supplementation did not provide additional benefits.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Lieke van den Wildenberg, Ayhan Gursan, Leonard W. F. Seelen, Tijl A. van der Velden, Mark W. J. M. Gosselink, Martijn Froeling, Wybe J. M. van der Kemp, Dennis W. J. Klomp, Jeanine J. Prompers
Summary: Quantitative three-dimensional (3D) imaging of phosphorus (P-31) metabolites using P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy has the potential to assess liver disease progression and therapy response. This study utilized a P-31 whole-body transmit coil and a 16-channel P-31 receive array to overcome the limitations of low sensitivity and limited liver coverage. The results showed that this setup allowed for full liver coverage and good to excellent repeatability in P-31 MRSI.
NMR IN BIOMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Wybe J. M. van der Kemp, Maria T. Grinde, Jon O. Malvik, Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven, Jeanine J. Prompers, Dennis W. J. Klomp, Boudewijn Burgering, Tone Frost Bathen, Siver Andreas Moestue
Summary: Patient-derived cancer cells cultured in vitro are essential for cancer metabolism research, and the introduction of organoids has provided a more versatile model system. This study compared the use of HR MAS MRS and NMR for metabolic profiling of intact organoids and found that both approaches were able to accurately identify and quantify metabolites. Additionally, HR MAS MRS's nondestructive nature allows for further analysis of nucleic acids or proteins.
NMR IN BIOMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Evelyn B. Parr, Imre W. K. Kouw, Michael J. Wheeler, Bridget E. Radford, Rebecca C. Hall, Joan M. Senden, Joy P. B. Goessens, Luc J. C. van Loon, John A. Hawley
Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact of time-restricted eating (TRE) on integrated skeletal muscle myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates in males with overweight/obesity. The study found no significant difference in daily MyoPS rates between the TRE group and the control group, but the TRE group had lower total blood glucose levels, greater total body mass reduction, and more lean mass loss. These findings suggest that time-restricted eating may have potential benefits for health management, but further research is needed.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Maarten Overkamp, Lisanne H. P. Houben, Saskia van der Meer, Joep G. H. van Roermund, Ronald Bos, Arjan P. J. Kokshoorn, Mads S. Larsen, Luc J. C. van Loon, Milou Beelen, Sandra Beijer
Summary: The study aimed to assess the adverse impact of androgen deprivation therapy on body composition, physical performance, cardiometabolic health, and health-related quality-of-life in prostate cancer patients. The findings showed that after 5 months of therapy, patients experienced declines in body fat mass, muscle mass, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, metabolic parameters, habitual physical activity, and health-related quality-of-life, suggesting that androgen deprivation therapy has adverse effects on patients.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maarten Overkamp, Lisanne H. P. Houben, Thorben Aussieker, Janneau M. X. van Kranenburg, Philippe J. M. Pinckaers, Ulla R. Mikkelsen, Milou Beelen, Sandra Beijer, Luc J. C. van Loon, Tim Snijders
Summary: ADT reduces skeletal muscle mass in prostate cancer patients, but resistance exercise training can offset this effect.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Heather L. Petrick, Rachel M. Handy, Bayley Vachon, Sara M. Frangos, Andrew M. Holwerda, Annemarie P. Gijsen, Joan M. Senden, Luc J. C. van Loon, Graham P. Holloway
Summary: Muscle disuse decreases muscle protein synthesis rates and induces atrophy, while nitrate supplementation can improve mitochondrial function. This study found that nitrate intake could prevent the decline in mitochondrial function caused by muscle disuse, but it was not able to prevent muscle atrophy.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Kyung Min Nam, Ayhan Gursan, Alex A. Bhogal, Jannie P. Wijnen, Dennis W. J. Klomp, Jeanine J. Prompers, Arjan D. Hendriks
Summary: This study demonstrates the feasibility of accelerating 3D deuterium metabolic imaging in the human liver using deuterium echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) at 7 T. The results show that deuterium EPSI has slightly lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to conventional MRSI, but it significantly reduces the acquisition time. By using deuterium EPSI, it is possible to monitor hepatic glucose dynamics with full liver coverage, high spatial and temporal resolution, and the acquisition time can be further shortened.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Thorben Aussieker, Luuk Hilkens, Andrew m. Holwerda, Cas j. Fuchs, Lisanne h. p. Houben, Joan m. Senden, Jan-willem VAN Dijk, Tim Snijders, Luc j. c. VAN Loon
Summary: This study assessed the impact of whey protein and collagen protein on postexercise protein synthesis rates. The results showed that whey protein increased myofibrillar protein synthesis rates, but had no effect on muscle connective protein synthesis rates. Collagen protein did not further increase muscle connective protein synthesis rates during the early stages of postexercise recovery in recreational athletes.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Ayhan Gursan, Arjan D. Hendriks, Dimitri Welting, Pim A. de Jong, Dennis W. J. Klomp, Jeanine J. Prompers
Summary: Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is a novel noninvasive method that uses deuterated substrates to assess tissue metabolism and organ physiology. It can simultaneously measure gastric emptying, and hepatic and renal glucose uptake and metabolism. This approach may advance our understanding of the interplay between disturbances in liver and kidney glucose metabolism and gastric emptying in diabetes patients.
NMR IN BIOMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jorn Trommelen, Glenn A. A. van Lieshout, Pardeep Pabla, Jean Nyakayiru, Floris K. K. Hendriks, Joan M. M. Senden, Joy P. B. Goessens, Janneau M. X. van Kranenburg, Annemie P. P. Gijsen, Lex B. B. Verdijk, Lisette C. P. G. M. de Groot, Luc J. C. van Loon
Summary: Pre-sleep ingestion of casein and whey protein increases overnight muscle protein synthesis rates after exercise.
Review
Biology
Yaron Caspi, Chrysoula K. Pantazopoulou, Jeanine J. Prompers, Corne M. J. Pieterse, Hilleke Hulshoff Pol, Kaisa Kajala
Summary: Intercellular signalling is essential for multicellular life. Studying the commonalities and differences in how signalling molecules function in different branches of life can provide insights into their recruitment for intercellular signalling. This review focuses on the plant function of three well-studied animal intercellular signalling molecules, glutamate, ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and melatonin, and suggests that molecules with key metabolic functions or involvement in reactive ion species scavenging have a high potential for becoming intercellular signalling molecules. Additionally, the evolution of machinery to transduce signals across plasma membranes is necessary, as evidenced by the lack of evidence for serotonin, dopamine, and acetylcholine acting as intercellular signalling molecules in plants.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Devin G. McCarthy, Jack Bone, Matthew Fong, Phillippe J. M. Pinckaers, William Bostad, Douglas L. Richards, Luc J. C. van Loon, Martin J. Gibala
Summary: The effect of acute ketone monoester (KE) supplementation on exercise performance is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the difference in mean power output during a 20-min cycling time trial (TT) after KE ingestion compared to a placebo (PL). Twenty-three trained cyclists completed two trials with either KE or PL ingestion. The results showed that mean TT power output was lower after KE ingestion compared to PL, suggesting impaired performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Glenn A. A. van Lieshout, Jorn Trommelen, Jean Nyakayiru, Janneau van Kranenburg, Joan M. Senden, Lex B. Verdijk, Luc J. C. van Loon
Summary: This study assessed the postprandial plasma amino acid concentrations after ingestion of protein in either solid or liquid form. The results showed that there was no difference in the availability of amino acids after consuming protein as a bar or as a drink in healthy adult females.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Floris K. Hendriks, Michelle E. G. Weijzen, Joy P. B. Goessens, Antoine H. G. Zorenc, Annemie P. Gijsen, Irene Fleur Kramer, Joop P. W. van den Bergh, Martijn Poeze, Taco J. Blokhuis, Luc J. C. van Loon
Summary: Bone protein synthesis is still ongoing in femoral head bone tissue during the early stages following an intracapsular hip fracture in older patients, but trabecular bone protein synthesis rates are lower in the femoral head when compared to the proximal femur.