Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Patricia E. McCallinhart, Benjamin W. Scandling, Aaron J. Trask
Summary: Under normal conditions, coronary blood flow is essential for providing blood supply to the myocardium, but in disease states like diabetes, this blood flow can be impaired. In addition to known regulators, recent evidence suggests that coronary structure, biomechanics, and cardiac biomechanics may also influence coronary blood flow.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dan Zhang, Tingyi See
Summary: This study reveals that actomyosin compaction directs the remodeling of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum (cER) in yeast, while active exocytosis promotes the reorganization of the cER rims. The cER-eisosome contacts play a role in reserving tubular cER edges and the ER shaping machinery.
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Pierre-Hadrien Decaup, Christine Couture, Elsa Garot
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cortical bone distribution in the mandibular corpus and the loading environment in modern humans. The findings suggest that specific loading regimes and their consequent variables (diet, culture, facial divergence) are associated with cortical thickness distribution, while sex is unrelated to cortical thickness pattern.
ARCHIVES OF ORAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Cayla E. Jewett, Adam W. J. Soh, Carrie H. Lin, Quanlong Lu, Ezra Lencer, Christopher J. Westlake, Chad G. Pearson, Rytis Prekeris
Summary: Primary cilia are sensory organelles that use membrane and cytoplasm compartmentalization to signal events. The study found that RAB19 plays a key role in coordinating cortical clearing and ciliary membrane growth, essential for ciliogenesis. Inhibiting actomyosin contractility can substitute for the function of the RAB19 complex and restore ciliogenesis in knockout cells.
DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Elizabeth Gacek, Ryan R. Mahutga, Victor H. Barocas
Summary: This study develops a discrete-continuum modeling scheme for analyzing tissue growth and remodeling, combining microstructural and cellular-scale models with macroscopic finite element models. The model is applied in case studies of arterial media, media and adventitia, and chronic dissection of an arterial wall, providing new data and insights into growth and remodeling processes.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Justine Facchini, Guillaume Rastoldo, Christian Xerri, David Pericat, Abdessadek El Ahmadi, Brahim Tighilet, Yoh'i Zennou-Azogui
Summary: Unilateral Vestibular Neurectomy (UVN) leads to persistent postural asymmetry and affects the responses of S1 cortical neurons to skin stimulation, thereby influencing the organizational features of somatosensory cortex. UVN immediately induces an expansion of cortical neuron cutaneous receptive fields, which alters the organization of the somatosensory cortex.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Mingkun Wang, Belle Yanyu Lin, Shuofei Sun, Charles Dai, Feifei Long, Jonathan T. Butcher
Summary: This study investigates the role of YAP pathway in determining the size and shape of heart valves, and reveals the influence of different mechanical forces on YAP activity in valvular endothelial cells and valvular interstitial cells. Moreover, manipulation of flow stress in chick embryonic hearts demonstrates the importance of local stresses in regulating valve growth and remodeling.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Minseok Lee, Sangwon Lee, Jejung Kim, Jeongsik Lim, Jinho Lee, Samer Masri, Shaowen Bao, Sunggu Yang, Jong-Hyun Ahn, Sungchil Yang
Summary: A flexible graphene-based multichannel electrode array was developed to efficiently assess cortical maps, inducing cortical map remodeling through electrical stimulation at graphene spots. This technology improved the detectability of neural signals and provided a new method for studying cognitive status in the brain.
NPG ASIA MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Yu-Hui Lin, Di Yang, Huan-Yu Ni, Xiu-Mei Xu, Feng Wu, Long Lin, Jie Chen, Yan-Yu Sun, Zhen-Quan Huang, Shi-Yi Li, Pei-Lin Jiang, Hai-Yin Wu, Lei Chang, Bo Hu, Chun-Xia Luo, Jin Wu, Dong-Ya Zhu
Summary: Stroke is a major cause of adult disability globally and better drugs are required for functional recovery after stroke. This study demonstrates the positive correlation between b-hydroxybutyrate (b-HB) and improved outcomes in stroke patients, as well as the promotion of functional recovery in rodents during the repair phase. The beneficial effects of b-HB rely on the enhancement of excitability and phasic GABA inhibition, as well as structural and functional plasticity mediated by HDAC2/HDAC3-GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1) signaling. These findings offer a clinically translatable approach for stroke recovery and identify GAT-1 as a potential pharmacological target.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mi Yeong Kim, Kyunghee Lee, Hong-In Shin, Kyung-Jae Lee, Daewon Jeong
Summary: This study found that different metabolic activities support various forms of bone remodeling, with femur remodeling differing from lumbar vertebra remodeling. Administration of anti-osteoporotic bisphosphonates may adversely affect femoral cortical bone remodeling, potentially leading to bone fragility.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Shuolun Wang, Nagehan Demirci, Maria A. Holland
Summary: Cortical folding is a dynamic process influenced by gene expression, cellular mechanisms, and mechanical forces. Neurons are sensitive to their mechanical environment, leading to non-uniform cortical growth in gyri and sulci. The model suggests that gyral-sulcal thickness variations are specific to low stiffness ratios, with cortical growth higher in gyri than in sulci.
BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sophia N. Ziemian, Ana M. Witkowski, Timothy M. Wright, Miguel Otero, Marjolein C. H. van Der Meulen
Summary: Research suggests that inhibiting subchondral bone remodeling immediately after the initiation of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) can effectively slow the progression of joint damage. Delaying the inhibition of bone remodeling also works in attenuating cartilage degeneration, but is less effective in preventing changes in the subchondral bone.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Mathematics
Rabeb Ben Kahla, Abdelwahed Barkaoui, Moez Chafra, Joao Manuel R. S. Tavares
Summary: The process of bone remodeling relies on the strict coordination between bone resorption and formation, primarily carried out by bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. In addition to cells, hormones, cytokines, and growth factors play crucial roles in regulating these two cell populations. Understanding this complex remodeling process and predicting its evolution is essential for managing bone strength under different physiological and pathological conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Sojeong Pak, Minseok Lee, Sangwon Lee, Huilin Zhao, Eunha Baeg, Sunggu Yang, Sungchil Yang
Summary: In this study, we investigated the effect of cortical surface stimulation on tinnitus induced by noise exposure. Our findings suggest that cortical activation can alleviate tinnitus symptoms by enhancing cortical activity, reshaping sensory maps, and promoting functional recovery.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeffrey D. Laurence-Chasen, Callum F. Ross, Fritzie I. Arce-McShane, Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos
Summary: The authors successfully decoded complex tongue deformation from sensorimotor cortex neurons, indicating a cortical representation of 3D tongue shape. They used biplanar x-ray video technology, multi-electrode cortical recordings, and machine-learning-based decoding to explore the cortical representation of lingual deformation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)