Review
Pediatrics
Tithi Kulkarni, Swati Majarikar, Mangesh Deshmukh, Anitha Ananthan, Haribalakrishna Balasubramanian, Anthony Keil, Sanjay Patole
Summary: This article reviews the reports of probiotic sepsis in preterm infants. The study found that probiotic sepsis is relatively rare in preterm infants, and the majority of cases recover after treatment. The importance of monitoring and treating probiotic sepsis, as well as researching alternatives to probiotics (such as postbiotics), is emphasized.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Magdalena Pilarczyk-Zurek, Grzegorz Majka, Beata Skowron, Agnieszka Baranowska, Monika Piwowar, Magdalena Strus
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the potential of lactoferrin in inhibiting the development of late-onset blood infection in neonates. The findings suggest that lactoferrin can suppress bacterial translocation and fortify the intestinal barrier, which is crucial for preventing and treating neonatal sepsis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohan Pammi, Geoffrey A. Preidis, William O. Tarnow-Mordi
Summary: A meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials on enteral lactoferrin supplementation in preterm neonates showed clinical benefits in decreasing late-onset sepsis and other infections, but no significant effects on necrotizing enterocolitis, mortality, or neurodevelopmental impairment. There was significant statistical heterogeneity in the effects of lactoferrin on late-onset sepsis, with potential factors including study biases, differences in product effectiveness, dose or duration, and population risk profiles.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gaole Yuan, Yingqiu Tu, Lili Liu, Tiantian Xu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of fluconazole combined with caspofungin in treating Candida bloodstream infection in premature infants. Results showed that the treatment regimen successfully eliminated persistent candidemia without significant adverse effects. While the results were promising, further large-scale clinical trials are needed to validate the safety and efficacy of this treatment approach.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Arome Solomon Odiba, Olanrewaju Ayodeji Durojaye, Ifeoma Maureen Ezeonu, Anthony Christian Mgbeahuruike, Bennett Chima Nwanguma
Summary: Resistance to antifungal drugs for treating Candida infections remains a major concern globally. This study identified new molecular adaptations of Candida isolates that explain their resistance to the drug fluconazole.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amy R. Biermann, Elora G. Demers, Deborah A. Hogan
Summary: Transcription factor Mrr1 regulates various genes including putative methylglyoxal reductases, which are important in metabolizing toxic metabolite methylglyoxal. Studies in Clavispora lusitaniae showed that Mrr1 regulates expression of MG reductases and also plays a role in fluconazole resistance. Endogenous and host-derived MG can induce MDR1 and other Mrr1-regulated genes causing increased drug resistance in Candida species, potentially contributing to fungal treatment failure.
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Amir Arastehfar, Melika Laal Kargar, Shahla Roudbar Mohammadi, Maryam Roudbary, Nayereh Ghods, Ladan Haghighi, Farnaz Daneshnia, Mahin Tavakoli, Jalal Jafarzadeh, Mohammad Taghi Hedayati, Huiwei Wang, Wenjie Fang, Agostinho Carvalho, Macit Ilkit, David S. Perlin, Cornelia Lass-Floerl
Summary: RVVC is a common fungal infection that may be caused by dysbiosis and other factors. FLZR and FLZT phenotypes were found to contribute to fluconazole therapeutic failure, with Iran having a heavy burden of RVVC. Research on RVVC remains limited.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jessica M. Povroznik, Halima Akhter, Jordan K. Vance, Madhavi Annamanedi, Sebastian A. Dziadowicz, Lei Wang, Ashley M. Divens, Gangqing Hu, Cory M. Robinson
Summary: Human newborns have increased vulnerability and risk of mortality from infection due to differences in immune responses compared to adults. The immune suppressive cytokine, IL-27, is elevated in neonatal cells and tissues. In a mouse model, deficient IL-27 signaling results in reduced mortality and better control of bacteria with less inflammation. The absence of IL-27 signaling leads to differential gene expression associated with inflammation and cytokine signaling, particularly in macrophages.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Jose Carlos Andrade, Sunil Kumar, Awanish Kumar, Lucia Cernakova, Celia F. Rodrigues
Summary: Candidiasis poses a worldwide growing problem due to antifungal resistance and immunosuppression, with limited treatment options available. Probiotics show potential for managing oral and vulvovaginal candidiasis, particularly with strains like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Saccharomyces. Further research, including in vitro and in vivo studies, is necessary to establish the utility of probiotics in managing candidiasis, especially in areas like skin candidiasis.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Patrick B. Mazi, Margaret A. Olsen, Dustin Stwalley, Adriana M. Rauseo, Chapelle Ayres, William G. Powderly, Andrej Spec
Summary: This study quantified the mortality attributable to Candida bloodstream infections in the modern era of echinocandins, finding that the mortality was more pronounced in patients at lowest risk of developing the infection. Patients at the lowest risk who went untreated had higher mortality rates compared to treated patients.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Elora G. Demers, Jason E. Stajich, Alix Ashare, Patricia Occhipinti, Deborah A. Hogan
Summary: The evolution of pathogens under selective pressures in chronic infections can impact their persistence, virulence, and response to antimicrobial therapy. Genetic analysis of isolates from single infections reveals dynamic selection pathways and trade-offs between high and low Mrr1 activity, affecting drug resistance and survival traits. Such dynamic evolution within chronic infections highlights the need for a balanced approach in managing microbial populations.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Eleni Agakidou, Charalampos Agakidis, Angeliki Kontou, William Chotas, Kosmas Sarafidis
Summary: Host defense against early-life infections relies primarily on innate immunity, in which AMPs play a major role. AMPs possess antimicrobial, immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-repairing properties. Studies suggest that AMPs are involved in the pathogenesis of chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, and NEC, and their expression and levels may be associated with disease severity. Therefore, AMPs have potential significance in the diagnosis, prevention, prognosis, and treatment of early-life infections.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Francesca Priolo, Simona Fattore, Marta Tedesco, Domenico Umberto De Rose, Roberto Chioma, Alessandro Perri, Simonetta Costa, Serena Antonia Rubortone, Maria Letizia Patti, Annamaria Sbordone, Luca Maggio, Giovanni Vento
Summary: This study is the first to report cord presepsin levels in term and preterm infants born to mothers with COVID-19, which appeared to be not influenced by maternal clinical presentation. However, further studies are needed to explain the mechanisms of P-SEP increase in neonates exposed to perinatal maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection or with an indeterminate/possible SARS-CoV-2 infection in the same neonates.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
J. D. Sobel
Summary: A review of vaginal isolates of Candida albicans obtained from a university vaginitis referral clinic over a 10-year period revealed an increase in fluconazole resistance, which has been associated with treatment choice. Factors contributing to azole resistance in Candida albicans vaginal infection are discussed.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Laura A. Doorley, Jeffrey M. Rybak, Elizabeth L. Berkow, Qing Zhang, Joachim Morschhauser, P. David Rogers
Summary: Candida parapsilosis is a common cause of invasive candidiasis worldwide, particularly in pediatric and neonatal populations. A study found that nonsynonymous mutations in the CpMRR1 gene are important genetic determinants of fluconazole resistance in clinical isolates of C. parapsilosis, primarily driven by upregulation of MFS and ABC transporters.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Daniele De Luca, Nadya Yousef
Summary: Objective semiquantitative lung ultrasound improves the timeliness of surfactant replacement for preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome, but it does not have an impact on the overall costs of surfactant therapy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Noemi Alcover, Giulia Regiroli, Alexandra Benachi, Christelle Vauloup-Fellous, Alexandre J. Vivanti, Daniele De Luca
Summary: This study aimed to describe the characteristics of fetal demise after SARS-CoV-2 infections. The results showed that fetal demise generally occurs a few days after the infection and is associated with placental inflammatory lesions and placental insufficiency.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Victor Sartorius, Melanie Tellier, Isabelle Jouvette, Daniele De Luca
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility and tolerability of using intranasal midazolam to improve fundus examination in a neonatal intensive care unit. The results showed that intranasal midazolam provided good comfort and normal physiological parameters. Therefore, it can be implemented as a protocol to improve the quality of retinal examinations.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Daniele De Luca, Christelle Vauloup-Fellous, Alexandra Benachi, Bianca Masturzo, Paolo Manzoni, Alexandre Vivanti
Summary: Infection of SARS-CoV-2 in neonates can occur both horizontally and vertically, and while neonatal infections are not a major public health problem, severe cases can still occur. This review aims to provide essential knowledge for obstetricians and neonatologists regarding perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection, including transmission mechanisms, clinical features, diagnostic tools, and possible treatment and prevention strategies.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Lucilla Pezza, Victor Sartorius, Barbara Loi, Giulia Regiroli, Roberta Centorrino, Lucia Lanciotti, Virgilio P. Carnielli, Daniele De Luca
Summary: This study aims to clarify the evolution of lung aeration and function in neonates with RDS and TTN. The results showed that the RDS cohort had worse lung aeration and oxygenation compared with the TTN cohort during the first 72 hours of life.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Letizia Capasso, Daniela Pacella, Fiorella Migliaro, Serena Salome, Fiorentino Grasso, Iuri Corsini, Daniele De Luca, Peter G. Davis, Francesco Raimondi
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of lung ultrasound score (LUS) in identifying preterm infants who require surfactant therapy. The results showed that LUS had high sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy in predicting the need for the first surfactant dose. However, there was high heterogeneity in predicting multiple surfactant doses.
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Giulia Regiroli, Giulia La Malfa, Barbara Loi, Alexandre Vivanti, Roberta Centorrino, Daniele De Luca
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the lung aeration and respiratory support of neonatal bile acid pneumonia (NBAP). A case/control study was conducted on neonates with NBAP, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or transient tachypnoea (TTN). Lung ultrasound score, oxygenation index and SpO(2)/FiO(2) were used to assess lung aeration and oxygenation. The results showed that NBAP started as a mild disorder in the first hours of life but later worsened and became similar to RDS.
Letter
Pediatrics
Letizia Capasso, Daniela Pacella, Fiorella Migliaro, Serena Salome, Fiorentino Grasso, Iuri Corsini, Daniele De Luca, Peter G. Davis, Francesco Raimondi
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Daniele De Luca, Raquel Arroyo, Silvia Foligno, Chiara Autilio, Lhousseine Touqui, Paul S. Kingma
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between surfactant protein-D (SP-D) expression and clinical outcomes in extremely preterm neonates. The results showed that SP-D levels increased with gestational age and were inversely associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). SP-D was also correlated with the duration of hospital stay, invasive ventilation, and total sPLA2 activity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tiphaine Adam de Beaumais, Simon Lorrain, Naura Mamhoudi, Mathieu Simonin, Christine Martinez Vinson, Yves Medard, Arnaud Petit, Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain
Summary: This study investigates the factors affecting the concentrations of red blood cell metabolites in children to facilitate therapeutic drug monitoring. The results show that many children did not reach the target concentration range, and adjusting the dosage may help improve treatment outcomes.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Laura Vivalda, Barbara Loi, Valeria Bisceglie, Rafik Ben-Ammar, Daniele De Luca
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the influence of clinical chorioamnionitis (CC) on lung ultrasound score (LUS) and ultrasound-guided surfactant treatment. The results showed that CC does not affect LUS in preterm neonates unless it triggers severe neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (NARDS). The occurrence of NARDS is the key factor influencing LUS.
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Health Care Sciences & Services
Daniele De Luca, Manuel Sanchez-Luna, Karl Schettler, Louis Bont, Eugenio Baraldi
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Daniele De Luca, Elizabeth Perkins, David G. Tingay
Summary: Neonatal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 infections can be acquired from the community or vertically. An analysis of hospitalized neonatal patients in the EPICENTRE worldwide registry shows that community-acquired cases have more frequent clinical features (fever, respiratory signs, feeding difficulties, P < 0.0001) and receive antibiotics more often (P = 0.014) compared to vertically-acquired cases. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 infections should be considered during the clinical examination of neonatal infections.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2023)
Letter
Pediatrics
Daniele De Luca, Almudena Alonso Ojembarrena, Francesco Raimondi
Review
Pediatrics
Marco Piastra, Enzo Picconi, Tony Christian Morena, Vittoria Ferrari, Camilla Gelormini, Anselmo Caricato, Federico Visconti, Daniele De Luca, Giorgio Conti
Summary: The clinical features and management of post-traumatic fat embolism syndrome (FES) in a group of teenagers were described, and a systematic review of pediatric case reports was provided. FES was found to be common in adolescent trauma patients, with neurological and respiratory impairments, as well as hemodynamic instability. Prognosis was generally favorable in patients receiving prompt intensive care support.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)