Review
Food Science & Technology
Yang Liu, Songhai Tian, Hatim Thaker, Min Dong
Summary: Shiga toxins are classic bacterial toxins associated with Shigella dysenteriae and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, leading to life-threatening complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome. The lack of toxin inhibitors and effective treatments exacerbates the threat posed by Stxs.
Article
Microbiology
Alyson R. Warr, Carole J. Kuehl, Matthew K. Waldor
Summary: The study demonstrates that the Shiga toxin (Stx) released by Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) markedly remodels how epithelial cells respond to infection, particularly in terms of the intestinal innate immune response.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jeongtae Kim, Jun Bong Lee, Jaewon Park, Chiwan Koo, Moo-Seung Lee
Summary: Shiga toxin (Stxs)-producing enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 are major causative agents of severe bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) associated with extraintestinal complications. Detecting low levels of Stxs in environmental or food samples is crucial. Conventional detection methods such as PCR or immunoassays are laborious and time-consuming. Recent studies have described novel, sensitive, and portable methods for detecting Stxs from EHEC, including lateral flow assays, optical detection, and electrical detection.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Daiana Martire-Greco, Alejandro La Greca, Luis Castillo Montanez, Celeste Biani, Antonella Lombardi, Federico Birnberg-Weiss, Alessandra Norris, Flavia Sacerdoti, Maria Marta Amaral, Nahuel Rodrigues-Rodriguez, Jose Ramon Pittaluga, Veronica Alejandra Furmento, Veronica Ines Landoni, Santiago Gabriel Miriuka, Carlos Luzzani, Gabriela Cristina Fernandez
Summary: Background: MSCs derived from iPSCs can be activated by LPS and/or Stx, but while LPS induces a proinflammatory profile and adhesion and migration of MSCs, the addition of Stx does not activate any repair program to ameliorate endothelial damage. Therefore, iPSC-MSC may not be the best option for regenerating endothelial injury in hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Kyung-Soo Lee, Yu-Jin Jeong, Moo-Seung Lee
Summary: Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 are enterohemorrhagic bacteria that induce hemorrhagic colitis. They produce Shiga toxins (Stxs) which inhibits protein synthesis in host cells, leading to severe complications.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Julie Haendiges, Karen Jinneman, Narjol Gonzalez-Escalona
Summary: This study compared the performance of sequencing using different library preparation chemistries (Nextera XT and Nextera DNA Prep), and found that Nextera DNA Prep outperformed in sequence quality, assembly quality, and uniformity of genome coverage. Comprehensive detection of virulence genes is essential for assessing virulence potential.
Article
Immunology
Claudia E. Coipan, Ingrid H. Friesema, Maaike J. C. van den Beld, Thijs Bosch, Sabine Schlager, Menno van der Voort, Christina Frank, Christina Lang, Angelika Fruth, Eelco Franz
Summary: This study describes the recent detection of 3 Shiga toxin-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O104:H4 isolates from patients and 1 from pork in the Netherlands that were genetically highly similar to isolates from the 2011 large-scale outbreak in Europe. Our findings highlight the importance of safeguarding food supply production chains to prevent future outbreaks.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Jorge Goldstein, Krista Nunez-Goluboay, Alipio Pinto
Summary: Infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli can result in hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and encephalopathy, with a high mortality rate when the central nervous system is involved. Recent research focuses on inhibiting Stx production and release, preventing Stx transport in the bloodstream, blocking Stx entry into the CNS, inhibiting Stx action in neural cells, and preventing immune system activation and CNS inflammation. Early diagnosis and establishment of CNS biomarkers are crucial for timely neuropharmacological treatment.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Robson E. Silva, Eliziaria C. Santos, Patricia B. Justino, Margarida P. Santos, Giovane Galdino, Reggiani Goncalves, Romulo D. Novaes
Summary: The relationship between dialysis adequacy and circulating levels of inflammatory mediators was investigated, showing that low Kt/V results and creatinine accumulation may serve as potential indicators of systemic inflammatory stress.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Chu Yang Lin, Jianling Xie, Stephen B. Freedman, Ryan S. McKee, David Schnadower, Phillip Tarr, Yaron Finkelstein, Neil M. Desai, Roni D. Lane, Kelly R. Bergmann, Ron L. Kaplan, Selena Hariharan, Andrea T. Cruz, Daniel M. Cohen, Andrew Dixon, Sriram Ramgopal, Elizabeth C. Powell, Jennifer Kilgar, Kenneth A. Michelson, Martin Bitzan, Kenneth Yen, Garth D. Meckler, Amy C. Plint, Fran Balamuth, Stuart Bradin, Serge Gouin, April J. Kam, James A. Meltzer, Tracy E. Hunley, Usha Avva, Robert Porter, Daniel M. Fein, Jeffrey P. Louie, Gillian A. M. Tarr
Summary: The HUS severity score showed acceptable discrimination in identifying high-risk children under 5 years old with STEC-associated HUS in a North American acute care setting, but did not demonstrate meaningful clinical benefit at a specific risk threshold.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Liqiong Song, Yuchun Xiao, Xianping Li, Yuanming Huang, Guangxun Meng, Zhihong Ren
Summary: The study revealed that Nlrp3 inflammasome activation plays a vital role in the development of HUS induced by Stx2, and Oridonin is effective in preventing HUS.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kyung-Soo Lee, Jieun Lee, Pureum Lee, Bong Chan Jeon, Min Yeong Song, Sojung Kwak, Jungwoon Lee, Jun-Seob Kim, Doo-Jin Kim, Ji Hyung Kim, Vernon L. Tesh, Moo-Seung Lee, Sung-Kyun Park
Summary: This study reveals that O-GlcNAcylation is acutely increased upon induction of ER stress by Shiga toxins, and inhibition of this modification effectively suppresses apoptotic and inflammatory responses in susceptible cells. Inhibition of aberrant O-GlcNAcylation improves major disease symptoms and survival rate in mice injected with a lethal dose of Stx, suggesting it as a potential approach to treat Stx-mediated diseases.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Martin B. Koeppel, Jana Glaser, Tobias Baumgartner, Stefanie Spriewald, Roman G. Gerlach, Benedikt von Armansperg, John M. Leong, Baerbel Stecher
Summary: This study established a set of chromosomal stx2 reporter assays to investigate the expression and regulation of Stx2 in the gut, utilizing two systems based on sfGFP and gluc for detection at single-cell level or in culture supernatant. This new reporter tools are envisioned to be highly useful in analyzing the impact of environmental and host factors on Stx2 release and identifying risk factors and new therapies in Stx-mediated pathologies.
Article
Immunology
Mohamed A. Amin, Hany R. Hashem, Heba S. El-Mahallawy, Ali A. Abdelrahman, Hoda M. Zaki, Marwa M. Azab
Summary: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a subtype of pathogenic E. coli that causes diarrhea or hemorrhagic colitis in humans. This study examined stool samples from patients with bloody diarrhea and abdominal cramps, and identified EHEC isolates with specific serogroups, drug susceptibility and virulence genes.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Yang Liu, Hatim Thaker, Chunyan Wang, Zhonggao Xu, Min Dong
Summary: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is a clinical syndrome involving hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury (AKI). Early diagnosis is crucial for improving prognosis and reducing mortality and sequelae. The review provides an overview of diagnostic methods and preventive and therapeutic strategies for treating STEC-HUS.
Article
Pathology
Emad Arafa, Philip A. Bondzie, Kobra Rezazadeh, Rosana D. Meyer, Edward Hartsough, Joel M. Henderson, John H. Schwartz, Vipul Chitalia, Nader Rahimi
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Rafael Kramann, Rebekka K. Schneider, Derek P. DiRocco, Flavia Machado, Susanne Fleig, Philip A. Bondzie, Joel M. Henderson, Benjamin L. Ebert, Benjamin D. Humphreys
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Craig R. Brooks, Melissa Y. Yeung, Yang S. Brooks, Hui Chen, Takaharu Ichimura, Joel M. Henderson, Joseph V. Bonventre
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Opeyemi Olabisi, Khaldoun Al-Romaih, Joel Henderson, Ritu Tomar, Iain Drummond, Calum MacRae, Martin Pollak
CLINICAL NEPHROLOGY
(2016)
Article
Cell Biology
Philip A. Bondzie, Hui A. Chen, Mei Zhen Cao, Julie A. Tomolonis, Fangfang He, Martin R. Pollak, Joel M. Henderson
Review
Food Science & Technology
Gregory Hall, Shinichiro Kurosawa, Deborah J. Stearns-Kurosawa
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Vural Kara, Chuanhua Duan, Kalpana Gupta, Shinichiro Kurosawa, Deborah J. Stearns-Kurosawa, Kamil L. Ekinci
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Feng Feng, Morgan Thompson, Beena Thomas, Elizabeth Duffy, Jiyoun Kim, Shinichiro Kurosawa, Joseph Tashjian, Yibing Wei, Chris Andry, D. Stearns-Kurosawa
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Laurence H. Beck, Stephen P. Berasi, J. Brian Copley, Donal Gorman, Daniel Levy, Chay Ngee Lim, Joel M. Henderson, David J. Salant, Weining Lu
Summary: The study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PF-06730512 in FSGS patients, with two cohorts of adults receiving different doses of the drug. The primary endpoint is the change in urine protein-to-creatinine ratio.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Insa M. Schmidt, Mia R. Colona, Bryan R. Kestenbaum, Leonidas G. Alexopoulos, Ragnar Palsson, Anand Srivastava, Jing Liu, Isaac E. Stillman, Helmut G. Rennke, Vishal S. Vaidya, Haojia Wu, Benjamin D. Humphreys, Sushrut S. Waikar
Summary: Analysis of gene expression profiles and the development of Luminex-based assays were used to identify promising non-invasive biomarkers of kidney fibrosis. CDH11, SMOC2, and PEDF were found to be associated with the severity of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, as well as progression to end-stage kidney disease in independent cohorts of chronic kidney disease patients.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Andrew J. B. Watts, Keith H. Keller, Gabriel Lerner, Ivy Rosales, A. Bernard Collins, Miroslav Sekulic, Sushrut S. Waikar, Anil Chandraker, Leonardo V. Riella, Mariam P. Alexander, Jonathan P. Troost, Junbo Chen, Damian Fermin, Jennifer L. Yee, Matthew G. Sampson, Laurence H. H. Beck Jr, Joel M. Henderson, Anna Greka, Helmut G. Rennke, Astrid Weins
Summary: In a subset of patients with minimal change disease, circulating nephrin autoantibodies were detected during active disease but significantly reduced or absent during treatment response. These autoantibodies were correlated with podocyte-associated punctate IgG in renal biopsies. A steroid-dependent patient with childhood minimal change disease developed end stage kidney disease, with high pretransplant circulating nephrin autoantibodies associated with massive post-transplant recurrence of proteinuria.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Elizabeth C. Oelsner, Akshaya Krishnaswamy, Pallavi P. Balte, Norrina Bai Allen, Tauqeer Ali, Pramod Anugu, Howard F. Andrews, Komal Arora, Alyssa Asaro, R. Graham Barr, Alain G. Bertoni, Jessica Bon, Rebekah Boyle, Arunee A. Chang, Grace Chen, Sean Coady, Shelley A. Cole, Josef Coresh, Elaine Cornell, Adolfo Correa, David Couper, Mary Cushman, Ryan T. Demmer, Mitchell S. Elkind, Aaron R. Folsom, Amanda M. Fretts, Kelley P. Gabriel, Linda C. Gallo, Jose Gutierrez, Mei Lan K. Han, Joel M. Henderson, Virginia J. Howard, Carmen R. Isasi, David R. Jacobs, Suzanne E. Judd, Debora Kamin Mukaz, Alka M. Kanaya, Namratha R. Kandula, Robert C. Kaplan, Gregory L. Kinney, Anna Kucharska-Newton, Joyce S. Lee, Cora E. Lewis, Deborah A. Levine, Emily B. Levitan, Bruce D. Levy, Barry J. Make, Kimberly Malloy, Jennifer J. Manly, Carolina Mendoza-Puccini, Katie A. Meyer, Yuan-I Nancy Min, Matthew R. Moll, Wendy C. Moore, David Mauger, Victor E. Ortega, Priya Palta, Monica M. Parker, Wanda Phipatanakul, Wendy S. Post, Lisa Postow, Bruce M. Psaty, Elizabeth A. Regan, Kimberly Ring, Veronique L. Roger, Jerome Rotter, Tatjana Rundek, Ralph L. Sacco, Michael Schembri, David A. Schwartz, Sudha Seshadri, James M. Shikany, Mario Sims, Karen D. Hinckley Stukovsky, Gregory A. Talavera, Russell P. Tracy, Jason G. Umans, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Karol E. Watson, Sally E. Wenzel, Karen Winters, Prescott G. Woodruff, Vanessa Xanthakis, Ying Zhang, Yiyi Zhang
Summary: The Collaborative Cohort of Cohorts for COVID-19 Research (C4R) is a national prospective study comprising 14 established US cohort studies that aims to evaluate risk factors and outcomes of COVID-19, as well as assess the long-term societal and behavioral impact of the pandemic on health trajectories.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Lauren Bernard, Ashley R. Wang, Steven Menez, Joel M. Henderson, Ashveena Dighe, Glenda V. Roberts, Christine Stutzke, Katherine R. Tuttle, R. Tyler Miller
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Priyamvada Singh, Hui Chen, Craig E. Gordon, Sandeep Ghai, J. Mark Sloan, Karen Quillen, Sara Moradi, Vipul Chitalia, Amitabh Gautam, Joel Henderson, Jean M. Francis
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xueping Fan, Hongying Yang, Sudhir Kumar, Kathleen E. Tumelty, Anna Pisarek-Horowitz, Hila Milo Rasouly, Richa Sharma, Stefanie Chan, Edyta Tyminski, Michael Shamashkin, Mostafa Belghasem, Joel M. Henderson, Anthony J. Coyle, David J. Salant, Stephen P. Berasi, Weining Lu