Article
Immunology
Songbai Yang, Huaijin Liu, Zhenyu Chen, Han Wang, Xiangchen Li, Xiaolong Zhou, Ayong Zhao
Summary: This study investigates how Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) evades immunity by disrupting the structure of PML-nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) through interaction with PML isoforms, potentially attenuating the host's antiviral immune response.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ying Zhang, An-wen Shao, Jun Tang, Yunyun Geng
Summary: Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) nuclear bodies are dynamic and multiprotein complexes involved in important biochemical events. Different isoforms of PML have been identified, with PML-II shown to interact specifically with the deubiquitinase ataxin-3. This interaction inhibits the deubiquitinase activity of ataxin-3, suggesting that PML-II may act as a negative regulator of ataxin-3.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hongyao Sun, Yutong Chen, Kun Yan, Yanqiu Shao, Qiangfeng C. Zhang, Yi Lin, Qiaoran Xi
Summary: TRIM33 co-localizes with PML-NBs in mESCs to mediate Nodal signaling-directed transcription of Lefty1/2. Formation of TRIM33 puncta depends on PML and specific assembly of PML-NBs. PML and PML-NBs regulate TRIM33 recruitment and association with Lefty1/2 loci in mESCs.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Pia Frenken, Hans-Peter Hartung, Tomas Olsson, Ortwin Adams, Clemens Warnke
Summary: The study showed that patients with blood type O have higher levels of anti-JCPyV antibodies and may be at higher risk for developing PML. The overrepresentation of blood type O in PML cases was consistent with previous findings.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Virology
Zhuoran Li, Ya'ni Wu, Hui Li, Wenqian Li, Juan Tan, Wentao Qiao
Summary: EV71 3C protein cleaves PMLIV at specific sites, reducing its antiviral function and disrupting the formation of PML-NBs, promoting virus replication.
Article
Virology
Marge Kartau, Eeva Auvinen, Auli Verkkoniemi-Ahola, Laura Mannonen, Ilkka Helantera, Veli-Jukka Anttila
Summary: JCPyV DNA detection is most valuable in the diagnosis of neurological symptoms in immunosuppressed patients, but the value of plasma samples is disputed in the screening of JCPyV-associated nephropathy.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Angela Rocchi, Ilker K. Sariyer, Joseph R. Berger
Summary: Since its definition 65 years ago, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by the JC virus (JCV) continues to affect immunosuppressed patients, leading to demyelination, neurodegeneration, and death. Lack of an animal model and ineffectiveness of current antiviral agents pose major challenges in finding novel treatments for this debilitating disease. This review highlights the established pathogenesis of JCV infection and the need to overcome these challenges to eliminate the virus and prevent PML.
JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Anni Honkimaa, Joni Suppula, Olli Tynninen, Mika Saarela, Hanna Liimatainen, Pia Laine, Petri Auvinen, Eeva Auvinen
Summary: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe neurological condition caused by reactivation of JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) in immunosuppression. Asymptomatic JCPyV persists in peripheral tissues. Upon reactivation, neurotropic rearrangements may emerge, and the virus gains access to the brain. To assess the mechanisms of PML pathogenesis, brain tissue material from PML patients was collected for small RNA sequencing. Upregulation of 8 microRNAs (miRNAs) in PML brain was validated using quantitative microRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Bioinformatics tools were utilized to identify major associations of the upregulated miRNAs: neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption. The results indicate involvement of human miRNA regulation in PML pathogenesis.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Maria Jimena Salcedo-Arellano, Randi J. Hagerman
Summary: Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a disease that occurs in aging carriers with a specific genetic mutation, characterized by intention tremor and gait ataxia. Research is focused on understanding the pathophysiology and neuropathology of FXTAS, as well as developing biomarkers to track disease progression. Additionally, efforts are being made to measure clinical features quantitatively and study the differences in disease progression and treatment efficacy between males and females.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Paola Frattaroli, Teresa A. Chueng, Obinna Abaribe, Folusakin Ayoade
Summary: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) can complicate antiretroviral therapy (ART) in individuals living with HIV, presenting as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). The manifestation of PML can be simultaneous or delayed worsening, with a rare occurrence of cerebellar involvement. Steroids may be considered as a treatment option, but the optimal duration remains unclear.
Article
Microbiology
Samuel Hofmann, Verena Plank, Peter Groitl, Nathalie Skvorc, Katharina Hofmann, Julius Luther, Chunkyu Ko, Peter Zimmerman, Volker Bruss, Daniela Stadler, Arnaud Carpentier, Shahinda Rezk, Michael Nassal, Ulrike Protzer, Sabrina Schreiner
Summary: The persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is due to the formation of nuclear covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) from the virion-borne relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) genome. The HBV core protein plays a role in the transport of rcDNA and impacts the stability and transcriptional activity of cccDNA. This study investigates the role of posttranslational modification (PTM) of the HBV core protein with SUMO during the formation of cccDNA. The results show that the addition of SUMO to the HBV core protein affects the nuclear import of rcDNA and is crucial for the conversion of rcDNA to cccDNA.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Virology
Amin Addetia, Quynh Phung, Benjamin T. Bradley, Michelle J. Lin, Haiying Zhu, Hong Xie, Meei-Li Huang, Alexander L. Greninger
Summary: A study has identified widespread genomic rearrangements in clinical urine specimens of BK and JC polyomaviruses, indicating the presence of defective viral genomes (DVGs) in DNA viruses in clinical settings. These DVGs are more commonly found in samples with higher viral loads and persist during infection without reaching clonality in the chronically infected host.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aiste Vitkunaite, Aida Laurinaviciene, Benoit Plancoulaine, Allan Rasmusson, Richard Levenson, Michael Shribak, Arvydas Laurinavicius
Summary: The study provides evidence that intranuclear birefringent inclusions (IBI) are caused by liquid paraffin-macromolecular crystals formed during paraffin-embedding procedures within cells, potentially reflecting an active transcriptional status.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fangzhou Li, Xinmiao Lan, Xing-Jie Liang
Summary: Most cellular elements function by forming aggregate structures through interactions with other molecules, with the aggregation of biological elements being more complex compared to AIE molecules, following the trend in biological evolution from simplicity to complexity. The protein-protein complex (PML-NB), protein-nucleic acid complex ribosome, and protein-nucleic acid-lipid complex exosome represent three types of units that perform functions within cells.
Article
Virology
Nyater Ngouth, Maria Chiara Monaco, Lorenzo Walker, Sydney Corey, Ijeoma Ikpeama, Gary Fahle, Irene Cortese, Sanchita Das, Steven Jacobson
Summary: This study compares the droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay with the gold standard quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the quantification of JC viral loads in clinical samples. The results show a strong correlation between ddPCR and qPCR, with ddPCR demonstrating increased sensitivity. Additionally, a novel triplex ddPCR method for detecting JC viral DNA sequences is described.