Review
Neurosciences
Henry Querfurth, Han-Kyu Lee
Summary: mTOR is involved in regulating energy metabolism, neuronal growth, insulin signaling, and autophagy, playing both beneficial and pathogenic roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Balanced actions of mTOR complexes may have implications for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Frontotemporal dementia, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Beyond rapamycin, rapalogs with improved tolerability and delivery modes hold promise in treating age-related conditions.
MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mohamed El-Tanani, Hamdi Nsairat, Alaa A. Aljabali, Angel Serrano-Aroca, Vijay Mishra, Yachana Mishra, Gowhar A. Naikoo, Walhan Alshaer, Murtaza M. Tambuwala
Summary: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a signalling system, is necessary for various cell proliferation activities. It recognizes PI3KAKT stress signals as a serine-threonine kinase. The abnormal regulation of mTOR pathway has been proven to be crucial in cancer growth and advancement. This review primarily discusses the normal functions of mTOR as well as its abnormal roles in cancer development.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alaa Abou Daher, Sahar Alkhansa, William S. Azar, Rim Rafeh, Hilda E. Ghadieh, Assaad A. Eid
Summary: Understanding the mechanisms behind diabetic nephropathy (DN) is crucial for developing effective treatments. The mTOR pathway has been identified as a key player in diabetes-induced kidney injury, through its involvement in insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and autophagy regulation.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Nozomi Igarashi, Megumi Honjo, Makoto Aihara
Summary: Glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, is often treated with trabeculectomy, but this surgery can lead to excessive scarring and tissue fibrosis. Studies have shown that mTOR inhibitors may offer a new treatment modality for reducing fibrotic response in human conjunctival fibroblasts and improving bleb scarring after filtration surgery.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Andrea Perez-Iturralde, Beatriz Carte, Rafael Aldabe
Summary: The study found that mTOR inhibitors have complex effects on AAV hepatic transduction efficiency, with rapamycin enhancing AAV transduction while RapaLink-1 and MLN0128 do not. This indicates that mTOR inhibition is not a straightforward strategy for improving AAV transduction, and more research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in their effects.
HUMAN GENE THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Fan Lin, Yunqi Liu, Lili Tang, Xiaohui Xu, Xueli Zhang, Yifan Song, Bicheng Chen, Yeping Ren, Xiangdong Yang
Summary: The study demonstrated that rapamycin protects against aristolochic acid-induced nephropathy by activating the mTOR-autophagy axis. This finding provides evidence for rapamycin as a promising pharmacological target for the treatment of aristolochic acid nephropathy.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wei Liu, Dong Zhao, Xiaofeng Wu, Fang Yue, Haizhen Yang, Ke Hu
Summary: Rapamycin can ameliorate obstructive sleep apnea-related renal injury by inhibiting the mTOR/NLRP3 signaling pathway, which is of great significance for the kidney health of patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jessica Selig, H. Viviana Krug, Caroline Kueppers, D. Margriet Ouwens, Felix A. Kraft, Elena Adler, Sebastian J. Bauer, Artur Lichtenberg, Payam Akhyari, Mareike Barth
Summary: Diabetes and its key determinants, insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, contribute to calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) by causing alterations in valvular interstitial cells (VIC) and extracellular matrix remodeling. The mTOR signaling pathway plays a crucial role in this process.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Junfang Yan, Yi Xie, Jing Si, Lu Gan, Hongyan Li, Chao Sun, Cuixia Di, Jinhua Zhang, Guomin Huang, Xuetian Zhang, Hong Zhang
Summary: In response to cellular stress triggered by the environment, cells integrate the caspase family and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling to regulate cell survival and fate. While mTOR pathway mediates cell growth and metabolism, the caspase family plays a crucial role in inflammation and apoptosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Michela Campolo, Giovanna Casili, Marika Lanza, Alessia Filippone, Marika Cordaro, Alessio Ardizzone, Sarah Adriana Scuderi, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Emanuela Esposito, Irene Paterniti
Summary: The study demonstrates that mTOR inhibitors, especially KU0063794, have significant benefits for cognitive and motor recovery after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, reducing lesion volumes and alleviating neuroinflammation and neuronal death.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Timothy Crook, Darshana Patil, Andrew Gaya, Nicholas Plowman, Sewanti Limaye, Anantbhushan Ranade, Amit Bhatt, Raymond Page, Dadasaheb Akolkar
Summary: The study demonstrated that patient-specific combination regimens with mTOR inhibition and other anti-neoplastic agents, selected based on multi-analyte molecular and functional profiling of the tumor, can result in meaningful outcomes in advanced or refractory solid organ cancers.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Anne E. O'Shea, Franklin A. Valdera, Daniel Ensley, Todd R. Smolinsky, Jessica L. Cindass, Phillip M. Kemp Bohan, Annelies T. Hickerson, Elizabeth L. Carpenter, Patrick M. McCarthy, Alexandra M. Adams, Timothy J. Vreeland, Guy T. Clifton, George E. Peoples
Summary: Rapamycin inhibits mTOR signaling, exhibiting both immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory effects on innate and adaptive immune responses. The dose and administration schedule play a crucial role in modulating rapamycin's immunologic effects.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Zi-Qian Cheng, Jie Fan, Fang-Yi Zhao, Jing-Yun Su, Qi-Han Sun, Ran-Ji Cui, Bing-Jin Li
Summary: Recent studies have found that a 9-hour fast in mice reduces immobility time in the forced swimming test. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of 9-hour fasting in female mice with depressive symptoms. The results showed that fasting alleviated depressive symptoms in ovariectomized mice, suggesting its potential as a treatment for depression.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Preeti Vyas, Rajkumar Tulsawani, Divya Vohora
Summary: Recent findings show that neuroinflammation is closely related to seizures, and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is speculated to be a potential target for treating neuroinflammation-mediated seizures and neurodegeneration. In a study on mice, PI3K inhibitors buparlisib and dactolisib were found to be effective in prolonging seizure latency and reducing neuronal loss, while rapamycin showed some resistance. The study suggests that targeting the PI3K pathway may offer new approaches for seizure therapies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Calum Forteath, Ify Mordi, Raid Nisr, Erika J. Gutierrez-Lara, Noor Alqurashi, Iain R. Phair, Amy R. Cameron, Craig Beall, Ibrahim Bahr, Mohapradeep Mohan, Aaron K. F. Wong, Adel Dihoum, Anwar Mohammad, Colin N. A. Palmer, Douglas Lamont, Kei Sakamoto, Benoit Viollet, Marc Foretz, Chim C. Lang, Graham Rena
Summary: Using cellular approaches and proteomics, we found that metformin therapy for diabetes alters the regulation of branched chain amino acids through the suppression of the amino acid transporter SNAT2.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Anita Borski, Farsad Eskandary, Susanne Haindl, Konstantin Doberer, Jakob Muehlbacher, Katharina A. Mayer, Klemens Budde, Philip F. Halloran, Edward Chong, Bernd Jilma, Georg A. Boehmig, Markus Wahrmann
Summary: Our study suggests that prolonged IL-6 neutralization with clazakizumab does not lead to clinically significant rebound phenomena or modulation of major components of the IL-6/IL-6R axis.
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Florian Lemaitre, Klemens Budde, Teun Van Gelder, Stein Bergan, Roland Lawson, Ofelia Noceti, Raman Venkataramanan, Laure Elens, Dirk Jan A. R. Moes, Dennis A. Hesselink, Tomasz Pawinski, Kamisha L. Johnson-Davis, Brenda C. M. De Winter, Smita Pattanaik, Merce Brunet, Satohiro Masuda, Loralie J. Langman
Summary: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) is a combination of a peptidomimetic inhibitor (nirmatrelvir) and a pharmacokinetic enhancer (ritonavir) that is approved for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19. The ritonavir component of this combination can cause significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs) by inhibiting the metabolism of nirmatrelvir. This may lead to higher plasma concentrations of nirmatrelvir and a longer half-life. Co-administration of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir with immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) is particularly challenging due to the involvement of the same metabolic pathway and the increased risk of adverse drug reactions.
THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING
(2023)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Klemens Budde, Fabian Halleck
Article
Transplantation
Manuel Mayrdorfer, Lutz Liefeldt, Bilgin Osmanodja, Marcel G. Naik, Danilo Schmidt, Wiebke Duettmann, Charlotte Hammett, Eva Schrezenmeier, Frank Friedersdorff, Kaiyin Wu, Fabian Halleck, Klemens Budde
Summary: This study analyzed 1477 adult kidney transplants and found that cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and infections were the most common causes of death. The study also discovered that there were many shared causes between death with a functioning graft and death-censored graft failure.
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Surgery
Klemens Budde, Bruce Kaplan
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Surgery
Flavio Vincenti, Klemens Budde, Josep Grinyo, Lionel Rostaing, Allan D. Kirk, Christian P. Larsen
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Roland Roller, Aljoscha Burchardt, David Samhammer, Simon Ronicke, Wiebke Duettmann, Sven Schmeier, Sebastian Moeller, Peter Dabrock, Klemens Budde, Manuel Mayrdorfer, Bilgin Osmanodja
Summary: This article discusses the application of machine learning models in healthcare and presents a multidisciplinary view of medical decision support systems. It covers information technology, medical, and ethical aspects and provides insights into implementing and evaluating these systems in a clinical setting.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Francois R. Girardin, Anna Nicolet, Oriol Bestard, Carmen Lefaucheur, Klemens Budde, Fabian Halleck, Sophie Brouard, Magali Giral, Pierre-Antoine Gourraud, Beatrice Horcholle, Jean Villard, Joachim Marti, Alexandre Loupy
Summary: This multi-center cohort study investigated the quality of life (QoL) of kidney transplant recipients during the first year after transplantation. Using EQ-5D and VAS data as measures, the study found that patients who maintained standard-of-care therapy had better QoL compared to those who switched therapies. These findings provide important insights for assessing the QoL of kidney transplant recipients.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rebecca Kaatz, Elisabetta Latartara, Friederike Bachmann, Nils Lachmann, Nadine Koch, Bianca Zukunft, Kaiyin Wu, Danilo Schmidt, Fabian Halleck, Peter Nickel, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Klemens Budde, Stefan Verlohren, Mira Choi
Summary: Women of childbearing age who have undergone kidney transplantation experience increased fertility, but are at risk for complications such as preeclampsia, preterm delivery, and allograft dysfunction. A retrospective study was conducted on 40 women who had post-transplant pregnancies between 2003 and 2019. The study found that the pregnancies had good outcomes for both the mothers and the transplanted kidneys, although there were declines in kidney function. Adverse pregnancy events, such as preeclampsia with severe end-organ dysfunction, were associated with impaired hyperfiltration during pregnancy and a decline in renal function. The frequency of de novo donor-specific antibodies did not increase after delivery.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bilgin Osmanodja, Aylin Akifova, Michael Oellerich, Julia Beck, Kirsten Bornemann-Kolatzki, Ekkehard Schuetz, Klemens Budde
Summary: Donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) is used as a biomarker for detection of graft injury and guidance of immunosuppressive therapy. A study on 22 kidney transplant recipients found that the conversion to belatacept led to an increase in absolute dd-cfDNA levels. Rating: 7 out of 10.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Eva Wu, Nadine Koch, Friederike Bachmann, Marten Schulz, Evelyn Seelow, Ulrike Weber, Johannes Waiser, Fabian Halleck, Mirko Faber, Claus-Thomas Bock, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Klemens Budde, Joerg Hofmann, Peter Nickel, Mira Choi
Summary: There is a significant risk of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in kidney and combined kidney transplant recipients, especially those who receive intense immunosuppression. Some patients achieve remission without further treatment, while others require retreatment or cannot clear the virus. HEV infection is associated with the consumption of undercooked pork or pork products.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Ronald D. Perrone, Dorothee Oberdhan, John Ouyang, Daniel G. Bichet, Klemens Budde, Arlene B. Chapman, Berenice Y. Gitomer, Shigeo Horie, Albert C. M. Ong, Vicente E. Torres, A. Neil Turner, Holly Krasa
Summary: This observational study provides insights into the burden of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and highlights the predictive value of kidney volume for outcomes other than kidney function.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Transplantation
Covadonga Lopez del Moral, Kaiyin Wu, Marcel Naik, Bilgin Osmanodja, Aylin Akifova, Nils Lachmann, Diana Stauch, Sabine Hergovits, Mira Choi, Friederike Bachmann, Fabian Halleck, Eva Schrezenmeier, Danilo Schmidt, Klemens Budde
Summary: This study found that renal function, proteinuria, and rejection are strongly associated with graft failure in patients with dnDSAs and may serve as surrogate endpoints.
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Hongfan Zhao, Dashan Wu, Michael Adu Gyamfi, Pinchao Wang, Christian Luecht, Anna Maria Pfefferkorn, Muhammad Imtiaz Ashraf, Julian Kamhieh-Milz, Janusz Witowski, Duska Dragun, Klemens Budde, Ralf Schindler, Daniel Zickler, Guido Moll, Rusan Catar
Summary: Expanded hemodialysis therapy with improved molecular cut-off dialyzers has beneficial effects in reducing uremia-associated chronic systemic microinflammation, which is a driver of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients. The transcription factor KLF2 and its associated molecular signaling pathways are identified as key targets and regulators in uremia-induced endothelial microinflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Petra Hruba, Jiri Klema, Anh Vu Le, Eva Girmanova, Petra Mrazova, Annick Massart, Dita Maixnerova, Ludek Voska, Gian Benedetto Piredda, Luigi Biancone, Ana Ramirez Puga, Nurhan Seyahi, Mehmet Sukru Sever, Laurent Weekers, Anja Muhfeld, Klemens Budde, Bruno Watschinger, Marius Miglinas, Ivan Zahradka, Marc Abramowicz, Daniel Abramowicz, Ondrej Viklicky
Summary: This study used RNA sequencing to identify transcripts that can distinguish operational tolerance from chronic active antibody-mediated rejection, leading to the construction of models for predicting kidney allograft loss.