Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Gita Thapaliya, Poorbita Kundu, Elena Jansen, Marcus A. Naymik, Richard Lee, Muriel Marisa Katharina Bruchhage, Viren D'Sa, Matthew J. Huentelman, Candace R. Lewis, Hans-Georg Muller, Sean C. L. Deoni, Susan RESONANCE Consortium, Susan Carnell
Summary: This study found that common genetic risk for obesity is associated with differences in early development of brain reward circuitry, suggesting the importance of investigating the dynamic relationships among genotype, brain, behavior, and weight throughout development.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sarah LeMay-Russell, Natasha A. Schvey, Nichole R. Kelly, Megan N. Parker, Eliana Ramirez, Lisa M. Shank, Meghan E. Byrne, Taylor N. Swanson, Esther A. Kwarteng, Loie M. Faulkner, Kweku G. Djan, Anna Zenno, Sheila M. Brady, Shanna B. Yang, Susan Z. Yanovski, Marian Tanofsky-Kraff, Jack A. Yanovski
Summary: This study found that earlier wake times and sleep midpoints were associated with greater gains in fat mass among youth. Additional research is needed to determine whether adjusting sleep timing could help prevent pediatric obesity.
Article
Respiratory System
Youngmok Park, Jiyoung Kim, Young Sam Kim, Ah Young Leem, Jinyeon Jo, Kyungsoo Chung, Moo Suk Park, Sungho Won, Ji Ye Jung
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the long-term association between adiposity changes and lung function in middle-aged Asians. The results showed an inverse relationship between adiposity and lung function, with central obesity being the main driver of lung function impairment.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yanhui Li, Tao Ma, Ying Ma, Di Gao, Li Chen, Manman Chen, Jieyu Liu, Bin Dong, Yanhui Dong, Jun Ma
Summary: This study found that childhood adiposity is associated with earlier puberty onset, and body composition has a higher sensitivity than BMI and WC in predicting early puberty. Boys and girls with a high body fat percentage are more likely to experience early puberty compared to those with a low body fat percentage. However, boys and girls with a high fat-free mass/fat mass ratio have a decreased risk of early puberty. Additionally, high-level trajectories of rapid increase in body measurements are also significantly associated with a higher risk of early puberty.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shenglong Le, Timo Toermaekangas, Xiuqiang Wang, Si Man Lei, Niels Christian Moller, Jan Christian Brond, Niels Wedderkopp, Petri Wiklund, Sulin Cheng
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the directional influences between adiposity and physical activity from pre-puberty to early adulthood. The results showed that the stability of BMI was higher than that of physical activity or inactivity over time, and previous fatness level was a stronger predictor of future fatness than level of leisure-time or habitual physical activity. The associations between adiposity and physical activity were not clear during adolescence and may differ between boys and girls.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Stephen W. Farrell, Kristen J. Meyer, David Leonard, Kerem Shuval, Carolyn E. Barlow, Andjelka Pavlovic, Laura DeFina, William L. Haskell
Summary: This study found that levels of physical activity are positively associated with 25(OH)D levels and negatively associated with measures of adiposity. Higher levels of physical activity attenuate the association between adiposity and 25(OH)D.
JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ashwinkumar Modi, Rajendra Gadhavi, Cynthia M. Perez, Kaumudi Joshipura
Summary: This study found that lower baseline adiposity and higher reduction in adiposity were associated with regression of prediabetes/diabetes among individuals with overweight/obesity.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Adolfo G. Cuevas, Danielle M. Krobath, Brennan Rhodes-Bratton, Shu Xu, Jesulagbarami J. Omolade, Aniyah R. Perry, Natalie Slopen
Summary: Childhood obesity, especially among minority racial and ethnic groups, is a significant public health issue. This study aimed to assess the association between racial discrimination and adiposity in children and adolescents. The findings showed a positive relationship between racial discrimination and adiposity, as measured by BMI z score and waist circumference. Therefore, interventions to reduce exposure to racial discrimination in early life may help in reducing the risk of excess weight gain throughout the lifespan.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas Castro, Lauren C. Bates, Gabriel Zieff, Patricia Pagan Lassalle, James Faulkner, Sally Lark, Michael Hamlin, Paula Skidmore, T. Leigh Signal, Michelle A. Williams, Simon Higgins, Lee Stoner
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the associations between dietary patterns, activity behaviors, and physical fitness with adiposity in preadolescent children. The results showed that cardiorespiratory fitness was strongly associated with body fat percentage, fat mass, BMI, and waist to hip ratio. Fruit and vegetable consumption patterns had a negligible association with body fat percentage. Therefore, future interventions should focus on improving cardiorespiratory fitness to reduce childhood obesity.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maria Reyes Beltran-Valls, Rute Santos, Jorge Mota, Carla Moreira, Luis Lopes, Cesar Agostinis-Sobrinho
Summary: This prospective cohort study found that adiposity mediated the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and blood pressure in adolescents, particularly affecting the relationships between CRF and systolic BP, pulse pressure, and rate product pressure.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
David S. Freedman, Jessica G. Woo, Stephen R. Daniels
Summary: This study examined the ability of different BMI metrics to assess adiposity changes in children and found that expressing BMI changes as a percentage of the 50th or 95th percentiles was more strongly associated with changes in body fatness compared to BMIz. Choosing the best BMI metric can help pediatricians better assess a child's change in body fatness over time.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anthony A. Laverty, Thomas Hone, Anna Goodman, Yvonne Kelly, Christopher Millett
Summary: The study found that switching to active modes of transportation can have beneficial effects on childhood obesity, particularly for more disadvantaged children. Increasing active travel has the potential to reduce inequalities.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hong Lin, Liping Xuan, Jiali Xiang, Yanan Hou, Huajie Dai, Tiange Wang, Zhiyun Zhao, Shuangyuan Wang, Jieli Lu, Yu Xu, Yuhong Chen, Weiqing Wang, Guang Ning, Yufang Bi, Mian Li, Min Xu
Summary: Changes in BMI significantly modulate the effect of the APOA5 rs662799 genetic variant on dyslipidemia and long-term lipid profile.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bryan Stierman, Cynthia L. Ogden, Jack A. Yanovski, Crescent B. Martin, Neda Sarafrazi, Craig M. Hales
Summary: Data from NHANES shows that DXA-derived measures of adiposity among US children and adolescents have increased from 1999-2006 to 2011-2018, with significant changes in body fat percentage and fat mass index. However, these increases were not consistent across all age, race, Hispanic origin, and BMI categories, highlighting the importance of considering other measures besides BMI when studying adiposity in this population.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zhiguang Zhang, Kristi B. Adamo, Nancy Ogden, Gary S. Goldfield, Anthony D. Okely, Nicholas Kuzik, Mitchell Crozier, Stephen Hunter, Madison Predy, Valerie Carson
Summary: This study found a linear association between total sleep duration and BMI z-scores in young children, indicating the importance of promoting longer total sleep for maintaining healthy adiposity levels. Additionally, cessation of napping may be associated with better working memory in preschoolers.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Wolfgang Krueger, Nicole Bender, Martin Haeusler, Maciej Henneberg
Summary: This review evaluates the role of mechanotransduction in heart failure pathobiology, highlighting how cardiac functional and structural changes are regulated by biomechanical forces. Exposing cardiac tissue to altered biomechanical stress initiates various biomolecular pathways that contribute to myocardial adaptation and remodeling.
HEART FAILURE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Arthur Saniotis, Maciej Henneberg
Summary: Anatomists and biological anthropologists have studied anatomical variations in ancestral and living humans, finding that these variations are not only medically important but also reflect ongoing microevolution in humans. Reduced differential mortality since the mid-19th century has led to increased variation in heritable traits, impacting musculo-skeletal anatomy and vascular anatomy.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2021)
Letter
Anatomy & Morphology
Jaliya Kumaratilake, Teghan Lucas, Maciej Henneberg
Summary: The text describes the approximate location of the 12th meridian in the hand and forearm in relation to the median artery and median nerve.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maciej Henneberg, Kara Holloway-Kew, Teghan Lucas
Summary: The key to evolution lies in reproduction, where pathogens and hosts co-evolve over time leading to a significant decline in disease prevalence among human populations.
Review
Ecology
Ryan M. Campbell, Gabriel Vinas, Maciej Henneberg, Rui Diogo
Summary: Scientific textbooks and natural history museums display reconstructions of ancient hominins, which vary in appearance possibly due to unreliable methods and misinterpretation of evidence. The dissemination of erroneous ideas about human evolution through unscientific reconstructions poses a risk that needs to be addressed.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Legal
Meghan Mckinnon, Maciej Henneberg, Denice Higgins
Summary: Identifying incinerated human remains through genetic analysis of burned bone is challenging due to factors such as low levels of exogenous DNA, dense mineralized bone, contamination, and qPCR inhibitors. Research is needed to optimize DNA recovery protocols for burned bones, as current knowledge is mostly based on ancient bone studies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryan M. Campbell, Gabriel Vinas, Maciej Henneberg
Summary: This study analyzed the relationship between facial soft tissue thickness and craniometric dimensions in chimpanzees, establishing regression models for approximating facial soft tissue thickness in Plio-Pleistocene hominids. The results demonstrated that such relationships exist in chimpanzees, suggesting that chimpanzee-derived regression models have interspecies compatibility with hominids who have similar craniometric dimensions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryan M. Campbell, Gabriel Vinas, Maciej Henneberg
Summary: By comparing the nasal and maxillary regions of humans and chimpanzees, a method for predicting the nasal tip position of fossil hominids has been developed. The results show that this method is compatible with both humans and African apes, and can be reasonably extended to their ancestors.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maciej Henneberg, Elzbieta Zadzinska
Summary: This study proposes a method for describing child growth based on small samples, and shows that fitting polynomial curves to small data samples allows for a rapid assessment of child growth in situations with rapidly changing circumstances, limited resources, and restricted access to children.
Article
Biology
Carmen De Miguel, Arthur Saniotis, Agata Cieslik, Maciej Henneberg
Summary: This study examined the brain/body growth in marsupials and compared it with placental mammals. The findings suggest that despite differences in morphology and cerebral organization, marsupials possess similar mental capacities as other mammals. This highlights the need for further research on the intellectual abilities of marsupials.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Angela Gurr, Maciej Henneberg, Jaliya Kumaratilake, Derek Lerche, Lindsay Richards, Alan Henry Brook
Summary: The study aims to examine the oral health status of 19th-century migrant settlers in South Australia, including their dental conditions, general health influence, and comparison with samples from Australia, New Zealand, and Britain. The investigation involved non-destructive methods to analyze the dentitions of 18 adults and 22 subadults, revealing high prevalence of carious lesions, periodontal disease, and enamel hypoplastic defects. The findings indicate poor oral health among the South Australian settlers, but with some categories showing better conditions compared to other historic samples.
Article
Anthropology
Christine Adams, Timothy D. Owen, F. Donald Pate, David Bruce, Kristine Nielson, Robert Klaebe, Maciej Henneberg, Ian Moffat
Summary: This study analyzed tooth enamel and dentine samples from individuals buried in the colonial section of St Mary's Anglican Cemetery to determine their geographic origin using isotopic data. The analysis provided important information about migration and mobility in a colonial South Australian population. The results suggest that the individuals in this study had diverse geographic origins, with some potentially being born in Adelaide, Britain/Ireland, or elsewhere. These findings contribute to our understanding of the population's history and are supported by other analyses.
AUSTRALIAN ARCHAEOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Anthropology
Arthur Saniotis, James P. Grantham, Jaliya Kumaratilake, Maciej Henneberg, Kazhaleh Mohammadi
ANTHROPOLOGIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN DIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Meghan Mckinnon, Maciej Henneberg, Ellie Simpson, Denice Higgins
Summary: A study using Micro Computed Tomography (MicroCT) assessed the effects of heat on incinerated bovine long bones, showing changes in porosity at different temperatures. Heat-induced alterations in bone morphology may be influenced by multiple mechanisms.
Article
Demography
Arthur Saniotis, Maciej Henneberg, Kazhaleh Mohammadi
Summary: Current humans are increasing their genetic load due to factors like improved living conditions and medical advancements. This has led to a decrease in the transmission of harmful genes to the next generation, affecting the overall health of the human genome.
JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE
(2021)