Article
Microbiology
Yaowen Zhang, Kangkang Liu, Zhenbiao Zhang, Sai Tian, Meiling Liu, Xinge Li, Yiran Han, Kunpeng Zhu, Hongbo Liu, Chaojie Yang, H. O. N. G. B. O. Liu, Xinying Du, Qi Wang, Hui Wang, Mingjuan Yang, Ligui Wang, Hongbin Song, Haiyan Yang, Ying Xiang, Shaofu Qiu
Summary: The outbreak of severe gastrointestinal symptoms caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in China had high attack rate, typical symptoms and was traced back to contaminated egg fried rice. The pathogen responsible was found to be a multi-drug resistant strain and carried various virulence genes, possibly contributing to the severity of the symptoms. Strategies to monitor and prevent similar outbreaks in the future are suggested.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Christine A. Yanta, John R. Barta, Antoine Corbeil, Herve Menan, Karine Thivierge, Robert Needle, Muhammad Morshed, Brent R. Dixon, James D. Wasmuth, Rebecca A. Guy
Summary: This study conducted the first genotyping analysis of Canadian Cyclospora cayetanensis isolates and found that genetic clustering is a valuable tool for supplementing epidemiological outbreak investigations and reducing further infections. Further research is needed to improve the accuracy of genetic clustering.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Joseph J. J. Knapik, Daniel W. W. Trone, Ryan A. A. Steelman, Emily K. K. Farina, Harris R. R. Lieberman
Summary: This study investigates adverse effects associated with specific dietary supplements and finds that weight loss, use before/after workout, and prohormone supplements have a higher prevalence of adverse reactions.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Raj Vuppalanchi, Herbert L. Bonkovsky, Jawad Ahmad, Huiman Barnhart, Francisco Durazo, Robert J. Fontana, Jiezhun Gu, Ikhlas Khan, David E. Kleiner, Christopher Koh, Don C. Rockey, Elizabeth J. Phillips, Yi-Ju Li, Jose Serrano, Andrew Stolz, Hans L. Tillmann, Leonard B. Seeff, Jay H. Hoofnagle, Victor J. Navarro
Summary: This study finds that both Garcinia cambogia and green tea can cause liver injury, with similar clinical presentations. The possible association with the HLA-B*35:01 allele suggests an immune-mediated mechanism of injury.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kirsten Ashley, Kieran Smith, Lise H. Brunsgaard, Emma Stevenson, Daniel West, Leah Avery
Summary: This study aimed to explore the behavioral determinants of uptake and adherence to whey protein supplementation in adults with type 2 diabetes. Findings showed that the expectation of health improvement, appetite suppression, and weight loss were the main factors influencing the uptake of the supplement, while palatability, appetite suppression, and positive reinforcement affected adherence. The results support the use of whey protein supplementation as a viable management option for adults with type 2 diabetes.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Marcus Maximilian Muecke, Stefan Zeuzem
Summary: In early April 2022, 10 cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children <10 years old were reported in central Scotland. Since then, the number of cases has rapidly increased, with 191 probable cases identified in Europe, the United States, Israel, and Japan. So far, 17 children have required liver transplantation and 1 has died. This review focuses on providing available information about this recent outbreak and discussing potential explanations for its development.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dorian Kessler, Debra Hevenstone
Summary: Cash transfers have been shown to improve birth outcomes by reducing stress, rather than improving nutrition or healthcare use. A study in Switzerland, where healthcare access is near-universal, found that unemployment benefits reduced birthweight and body length of children when mothers were unemployed, suggesting that cash transfers play a role in newborn health in most contexts.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Noah G. Schwartz, Alfonso C. Hernandez-Romieu, Pallavi Annambhotla, Thomas D. Filardo, Sandy P. Althomsons, Rebecca J. Free, Ruoran Li, W. Wyatt Wilson, Molly Deutsch-Feldman, Marci Drees, Emily Hanlin, Kelly White, Kimberly A. Lehman, Tyler C. Thacker, Scott A. Brubaker, Brychan Clark, Sridhar Basavaraju, Isaac Benowitz, Janet Burton Glowicz, Lauren S. Cowan, Angela M. Starks, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Philip LoBue, Rebekah J. Stewart, Jonathan M. Wortham, Maryam B. Haddad
Summary: An outbreak of tuberculosis caused by bone transplantation has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality. This study highlights the importance of assessing tuberculosis risk factors and conducting clinical examinations for tissue and organ donors.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ehud Rinott, Anat Yaskolka Meir, Gal Tsaban, Hila Zelicha, Alon Kaplan, Dan Knights, Kieran Tuohy, Matthias Uwe Scholz, Omry Koren, Meir J. Stampfer, Dong D. Wang, Iris Shai, Ilan Youngster
Summary: The study found that the Mediterranean diet has significant effects on gut microbiota and cardiometabolic health, particularly the Green-MED diet. The Green-MED diet induces beneficial changes in gut microbiota composition and enzymatic functions, which are associated with improvements in body weight and cardiometabolic biomarkers.
Review
Pediatrics
Irena Ilic, Milena Ilic
Summary: This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics of a multi-country outbreak of severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children in 2022. Based on available information, the review summarizes the current knowledge about the disease, suggests working hypotheses, explores potential explanations for its occurrence, and reports on public health measures taken to control the outbreak. As of August 29, 2022, more than 1000 probable cases have been reported in 35 countries, with 22 deaths. Although several theories have been proposed, an association with hepatitis A-E viruses has been excluded, and adenovirus serotype 41 is considered the most likely cause.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Emma C. Alexander, Akash Deep
Summary: This systematic review highlights the challenges in investigating and managing pediatric hepatitis of unknown etiology, with many cases progressing to acute liver failure. The lack of clarity regarding the pathogenesis means that targeted therapies to improve outcomes and avoid transplantation may be missed. Collaboration between clinicians, immunologists, and epidemiologists is essential in investigating the pathogenesis of this novel hepatitis.
Review
Pediatrics
Victoria E. Goldman, Juan C. Espinoza, Alaina P. Vidmar
Summary: Pediatric obesity rates continue to rise with adverse effects on health outcomes. Obesity can impact the efficacy and use of treatment and imaging modalities in the evaluation and management of acute pediatric conditions. There is a lack of clinical guidelines on managing severe obesity in the inpatient setting. This study presents a literature review and three patient cases with a weight-management protocol for non-surgical management of severe obesity in children admitted for other acute medical reasons.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Robert W. O'Rourke, Carey N. Lumeng
Summary: The increased morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in individuals with obesity has drawn attention to the impaired responses to infections in this population. Research indicates a critical need to understand the physiological mechanisms underlying the increased risk for complications from COVID-19 in people with obesity, in order to develop tailored therapies for this group.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Philippa C. Matthews, Cori Campbell, Oana Sandulescu, Mojca Maticic, Simona Maria Ruta, Antonio Rivero-Juarez, Berend Joost van Welzen, Boun Kim Tan, Federico Garcia, George Sebastian Gherlan, Gule Cinar, Imran Hasanoglu, Ivana Gmizic, Laura Ambra Nicolini, Lurdes Santos, Narina Sargsyants, Petar Velikov, Selma Habibovic, Slim Fourati, Snjezana Zidovec-Lepej, Vanessa Herder, Susanne Dudman, Victor Daniel Miron, William Irving, Gulsen Ozkaya Sahin
Summary: During the first half of 2022, an outbreak of acute severe hepatitis in children was reported, with unknown cause. The hypothesis of viral infection combined with specific host genetic background triggering liver pathology is suggested, but uncertainties still exist. The prevalence of Human Adenovirus (HAdV) 41F and adeno-associated viruses-2 is believed to be related to the viral infection, and SARS-CoV-2 may also contribute to the pathological mechanisms. The affected children have immunological susceptibility, and viral coinfections may be caused by disruptions in exposure and immunity patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jarle Berge, Joran Hjelmesaeth, Jens K. Hertel, Espen Gjevestad, Milada Cvancarova Smastuen, Line Kristin Johnson, Catia Martins, Eivind Andersen, Jan Helgerud, Oyvind Storen
Summary: This study compared the effects of two aerobic exercise programs of different intensities on energy expenditure in patients with severe obesity. The results showed that patients completing a 24-week combined HIIT/MICT program did not achieve a higher energy expenditure compared with those who completed a 24-week MICT program, but the HIIT/MICT group experienced a significantly larger increase in energy expenditure in the 8- to 16-week period compared to the MICT group.
