Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Karolina Sledzinska, Piotr Landowski, Michal A. Zmijewski, Barbara Kaminska, Konrad Kowalski, Anna Liberek
Summary: The study showed that IBD children have higher levels of vitamin D compared to controls, but a significant portion still lack optimal vitamin D levels. Despite the higher level of vitamin D, IBD children had lower calcium levels compared to healthy controls, with no correlation to disease activity or location of lesions in the gastrointestinal tract.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Cristiano Pagnini, Maria Carla Di Paolo, Maria Giovanna Graziani, Gianfranco Delle Fave
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic conditions with unknown etiology and immunomediated pathogenesis. Research on the intestinal microbiome and the vitamin D/VDR pathway have shown promising potential for novel approaches to diagnosis and treatment of IBD. Probiotic bacteria have shown more exciting results in experimental models than in clinical practice, and understanding their properties and mechanisms of action may lead to new therapeutic applications.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Aleksandra Szymczak-Tomczak, Alicja Ewa Ratajczak, Marta Kaczmarek-Rys, Szymon Hryhorowicz, Anna Maria Rychter, Agnieszka Zawada, Ryszard Slomski, Agnieszka Dobrowolska, Iwona Krela-Kazmierczak
Summary: Vitamin D plays various roles in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including regulating bone mineral metabolism, modulating the immune system, and contributing to the pathogenesis of IBD. Vitamin D affects Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes, cytokine release, and the wnt/beta-catenin pathway. IBD is associated with dysbiosis of microbiota, abnormal inflammatory response, and vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, understanding the metabolic pathways, genetic determinants, and environmental factors of vitamin D is crucial for studying vitamin D supplementation in IBD patients, not only for osteoporosis prevention and therapy, but also for modulating the course and pharmacotherapy of IBD.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Filippo Vernia, Giorgia Burrelli Scotti, Noemi Sara Bertetti, Giuseppe Donato, Stefano Necozione, Piero Vernia, Nadia Pallotta
Summary: The inadequate intake of Vitamin D and Vitamin K in the diet is a reversible factor for IBD-associated bone loss, but there is a lack of data on Vitamin K. A study found that both IBD patients and control patients had inadequate intake of Vitamin D, while the intake of Vitamin K was inadequate in IBD patients and high in controls. The study suggests that proactive nutritional intervention is needed to address Vitamin K shortages in IBD patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tyler Atagozli, David E. Elliott, Mirac Nedim Ince
Summary: Helminths are multicellular invertebrates that live in the gut of vertebrate animals, including humans. They can cause pathology and require treatment, but can also have commensal or symbiotic relationships with their hosts. Epidemiological data suggests that helminth exposure may provide protection against immune disorders, such as allergies and autoimmune illnesses.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Claudia Infantino, Roberta Francavilla, Adriana Vella, Sabrina Cenni, Nicola Principi, Caterina Strisciuglio, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis and bone health, and it may also modulate the immune system to affect the development of autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel diseases. Research suggests that vitamin D could be involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of these conditions.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Amedeo De Nicolo, Jessica Cusato, Cristina Bezzio, Simone Saibeni, Marta Vernero, Michela Disabato, Gian Paolo Caviglia, Alice Ianniello, Alessandra Manca, Antonio D'Avolio, Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone
Summary: This study found that VD supplementation, therapy with monoclonal antibodies, and the use of mesalazine may independently predict SARS-CoV-2 positivity in IBD patients. Hypertension was associated with severe disease, while a VD level higher than 30 ng/mL was associated with asymptomatic infection. These results confirm the importance of VD levels in defining the risk of COVID-19 and give encouraging data about the safety of maintaining immunomodulatory treatments for IBD during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tamara Perez-Jeldres, M. Leonor Bustamante, Roberto Segovia-Melero, Nataly Aguilar, Fabien Magne, Gabriel Ascui, Denisse Uribe, Lorena Azocar, Cristian Hernandez-Rocha, Ricardo Estela, Veronica Silva, Andres De La Vega, Elizabeth Arriagada, Mauricio Gonzalez, Gian-Franco Onetto, Sergio Escobar, Pablo Baez, Alejandra Zazueta, Carolina Pavez-Ovalle, Juan Francisco Miquel, Manuel Alvarez-Lobos
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of gene variants associated with lactose intolerance (LI) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD)/Vitamin D receptor (VDR) in 192 Chilean inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. The results showed that 61% of the Chilean IBD patients have a genetic predisposition to lactose malabsorption, and a significant proportion also have genetic variants associated with VDD/VDR.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carolina Battistini, Rafael Ballan, Marcos Edgar Herkenhoff, Susana Marta Isay Saad, Jun Sun
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammation of the GI tract, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, associated with microbiota dysbiosis and vitamin D deficiency. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms and therapeutic potential related to vitamin D/VDR in gut microbiota modulation for IBD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manasi Agrawal, Elizabeth A. Spencer, Jean-Frederic Colombel, Ryan C. Ungaro
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic, progressive, immune-mediated diseases of adults and children with no cure. Delay in diagnosis is common and associated with adverse outcomes, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Risk stratification based on clinical, demographic, and serologic markers can guide selection of first-line therapy in personalized medicine.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yiqing Peng, Malinda Wu, Jessica A. Alvarez, Vin Tangpricha
Summary: Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) affects up to half of CF patients by adulthood, primarily caused by pancreatic dysfunction. This study found that vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of developing CFRD in adults with CF, and maintaining a serum 25(OH)D concentration above 20 ng/mL may decrease this risk.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Somaye Fatahi, Naseem Alyahyawi, Naryman Albadawi, Farzaneh Mardali, Naghi Dara, Mohammad Hassan Sohouli, Kousalya Prabahar, Pejman Rohani, Nazanin Koushki, Aliakbar Sayyari, Amir Hossein Hosseini, Ahmed Abu-Zaid
Summary: This systematic review confirmed the association between vitamin D deficiency and IBD. Although there are conflicting results, the study found that vitamin D deficiency is very common among children with IBD.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Martyna Jasielska, Urszula Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk
Summary: The study found that the incidence of hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency is higher in children with inflammatory bowel diseases and lactose intolerance. However, the use of a low-lactose diet did not have a significant impact on these conditions.
Article
Immunology
Christos Triantos, Ioanna Aggeletopoulou, Gerassimos J. Mantzaris, Athanasia Mouzaki
Summary: There is growing evidence of the involvement of vitamin D in immune regulation and gut barrier function, suggesting its critical role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Vitamin D acts as an immunomodulator, alleviating inflammation, and contributing to intestinal homeostasis in IBD, highlighting its potential therapeutic value.
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Antonia Topalova-Dimitrova, Ivan Valentinov Dimitrov, Rosen Nikolov
Summary: Patients with IBD have lower levels of vitamin D, which are associated with inflammation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
William D. Leslie, Heenam Goel, Neil Binkley, Eugene McCloskey, Didier Hans
Summary: Lumbar spine trabecular bone score (TBS) is a bone mineral density (BMD)-independent risk factor for fracture, but its sensitivity to technical factors and oral antiresorptive therapies is limited. This study analyzed TBS changes over time and in response to osteoporosis treatment, and found that TBS is strongly affected by technical factors and has little effect on monitoring response to antiresorptive treatment. Therefore, the current version of the TBS algorithm has limited usefulness in untreated individuals or routine clinical practice.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
William D. Leslie, Neil Binkley, Didier Hans
Summary: This study examined the impact of ethnicity on the ability of lumbar spine TBS to assess fracture risk in women. The results showed that there were differences in BMD and TBS measurements among White, Asian, and Black women, but both TBS and BMD effectively stratified fracture risk in all three populations.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
William D. Leslie, Didier Hans
Summary: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is commonly used for osteoporosis diagnosis and bone mineral density (BMD) monitoring. However, the cross-calibration of lumbar spine trabecular bone score (TBS) with DXA instrumentation is uncertain. A study conducted on the change from GE Prodigy to iDXA showed excellent agreement for lumbar spine BMD, but significant deviation for spine TBS. This highlights the need for TBS phantom calibration to accommodate between-scanner differences.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Carrie Ye, William D. Leslie
Summary: Individuals with cancer face unique risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures, including treatment-induced bone loss and premorbid fracture risk. The literature shows that cancer can impact bone health in various ways, leading to systemic and localized decreases in bone mineral density (BMD). The use of fracture risk prediction tools in the cancer population and guidelines on treatment thresholds for cancer-specific bone loss are limited. Clinicians should consider the additive effects of bone damaging factors and premorbid fracture risk profile when treating patients with cancer. Pharmacologic treatment should be offered according to cancer-specific guidelines or local general osteoporosis guidelines, taking into account clinical judgment and patient preferences.
OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Carrie Ye, Suzanne N. Morin, Lisa M. Lix, Eugene V. McCloskey, Helena Johansson, Nicholas C. Harvey, John A. Kanis, William D. Leslie
Summary: The study assessed the performance of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) in predicting incident fractures in men with prostate cancer. The results showed that FRAX reliably predicts fractures in this population.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
William D. Leslie, Neil Binkley, Eugene V. McCloskey, Helena Johansson, Nicholas C. Harvey, Mattias Lorentzon, John A. Kanis, Didier Hans
Summary: The study found that TBS can be used to predict fracture risk independently of FRAX. Adding TBS to the FRAX calculation can adjust for femoral neck BMD and improve fracture risk prediction, even without measuring hip DXA.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
William D. Leslie, Neil Binkley, Didier Hans, Eugene V. McCloskey
Summary: Trabecular bone score (TBS), derived from spine DXA images, is an independent risk factor for fracture. This study investigated the inter-vertebral variation in TBS measurements and its relationship with visual structural artifact and incident fracture. The results showed that TBS variations within the lumbar spine are similar to BMD but relatively unaffected by structural artifact. Fracture outcomes were most strongly associated with TBS measured from L1 alone. Further investigation is needed to understand the cause and clinical application of these differences.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
William D. Leslie, Neil Binkley, Heenam Goel, Didier Hans, Eugene V. McCloskey
Summary: Lumbar spine trabecular bone score (TBS) is a texture measure derived from spine dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images, and it is a bone mineral density (BMD)-independent risk factor for fracture. The exclusion of lumbar vertebral levels that show structural artifact from BMD measurement may affect TBS categorization and treatment recommendations based on TBS-adjusted FRAX calculation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
William D. Leslie, Neil Binkley, John T. Schousboe, Eugene V. Mccloskey, Helena Johansson, Nicholas C. Harvey, John A. Kanis
Summary: This study found that abdominal thickness has an impact on FRAX-derived major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture compared to BMI. The effect is stronger before the age of 65 and there is also an increased risk of lower abdominal thickness for individuals with diabetes. These findings suggest the need to investigate abdominal thickness beyond BMI and sex prediction as an independent risk factor for fracture using FRAX.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
William D. Leslie
Summary: This study investigated differences in FRAX scores among different racial/ethnic groups and explored the impact of using a population-based calculator on treatment qualification for osteoporosis. The study found disparities in treatment qualification using existing US race/ethnic-specific FRAX calculators, while using a population-based calculator could reduce these disparities.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Gregory A. A. Kline, Suzanne N. N. Morin, Lisa M. M. Lix, William D. D. Leslie
Summary: Based on the FLEX study in 2006, a 5-year course of bisphosphonate therapy was found to be sufficient for most women. However, despite the increased risk of atypical femoral fractures associated with long-term use, up to one-third of patients continued to receive bisphosphonate therapy for over 10 years after 2010.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
E. Michael Lewiecki, Teresita Bellido, John P. Bilezikian, Jacques P. Brown, Azeez Farooki, Christopher S. Kovacs, Brendan Lee, William D. Leslie, Michael R. McClung, Mark L. Prasarn, Deborah E. Sellmeyer
Summary: The 23rd annual Santa Fe Bone Symposium brought together attendees from various states and countries to discuss topics related to osteoporosis and other bone diseases. The event included plenary presentations, panel discussions, workshops, and oral presentations of research abstracts.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
William D. Leslie, Neil Binkley, Heenam Goel, Didier Hans, Eugene V. McCloskey
Summary: The exclusion of vertebral levels affects the trabecular bone score (TBS) and FRAX-based treatment recommendations. Adjusting for level-specific differences in TBS reduces the reclassification in FRAX-based treatment recommendations.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
William D. Leslie, Neil Binkley, Didier Hans
Summary: Trabecular bone score (TBS) is an independent risk factor for fracture that is not dependent on bone mineral density (BMD). This study found that TBS is still useful in the presence of extreme structural artifact that affects lumbar spine BMD measurements, but it is significantly affected by the presence of multilevel degenerative changes and/or instrumentation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
William D. Leslie, Neil Binkley, Heenam Goel, Eugene V. McCloskey, Didier Hans
Summary: The use of FRAX adjusted for lumbar vertebral levels and specifically using only L1 for TBS measurement improves the accuracy of fracture prediction.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY
(2023)