Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Belela Samuel Kotola, Shewafera Wondimagegnhu Teklu, Yohannes Fissha Abebaw
Summary: This paper formulates and analyzes a mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 co-infection, considering protection and treatment for the infected groups. The non-negativity and boundedness of the co-infection model solutions are proven, and the steady states of the single infection models are analyzed. The basic reproduction numbers are calculated using the next generation matrix approach, and the existence and local stability of equilibriums are investigated using Routh-Hurwiz stability criteria. The model exhibits the phenomenon of backward bifurcation whenever its effective reproduction number is less than unity. Optimal control strategies are incorporated, and necessary conditions for the optimal control of the disease are derived using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. Numerical simulations show that the combination of all possible protection and treatment strategies is the most effective strategy for minimizing the transmission of HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 co-infection.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Hasib Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim, Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty, M. Motawi Khashan, Farhat Ali Khan, Aziz Khan
Summary: In this article, the fractional-order COVID-19 model is studied for analytical and computational aspects. The computational study shows that the spread will continue for a long time and recovery reduces the infection rate. The numerical scheme is based on Lagrange's interpolation polynomial and the results are similar to the integer order, demonstrating the applicability of the numerical scheme and effectiveness of the fractional order derivative.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ajith N. Nair, Prashant Anand, Abraham George, Nilabhra Mondal
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive review on the mechanisms, factors, and control measures of airborne transmission of viruses. It reveals that airborne viruses can remain infectious for hours and that air pollutants and environmental parameters have significant influences on virus transmission. By collating measures and building techniques from various research studies, architects and organizations can improve or design building systems to combat COVID-19 or future pandemics.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Talib Dbouk, Frederic Roger, Dimitris Drikakis
Summary: This study investigates the optimal design of indoor air purifiers for eliminating airborne viruses using computational fluid dynamics modeling and simulations. The research shows that the local positioning of a purifier and the embedded fan system can significantly alter the indoor airborne virus transmission risk. Additionally, a new indoor air circulation system is proposed to better ensure the local orientation of airborne viruses in indoor spaces.
Article
Thermodynamics
Manuel Gameiro da Silva, Evandro Eduardo Broday, Celestino Rodrigues Ruivo
Summary: Indoor climate quality has a significant impact on people's comfort indoors, especially for passengers on commercial airplanes. This study presents a multiprobe device to assess indoor climate quality and a methodology to categorize thermal comfort and indoor air quality levels in flights. The findings show that the environmental parameters on flights mostly fall within the comfort range, but there is room for improvement, particularly in air cleaning and air distribution flow.
THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
P. Carlotti, B. Massoulie, A. Morez, A. Villaret, L. Jing, T. Vrignaud, A. Pfister
Summary: COVID19 can be transmitted through small droplets released by breathing, speaking, coughing, sneezing, etc., and the ambient relative humidity plays a crucial role in the lifetime and distance of droplet transmission. The study shows that dry air is favorable for reducing the risk of COVID19 contamination.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mahmoud Fathy ElSharkawy
Summary: This study aimed to assess indoor air quality (IAQ) by monitoring various air pollutants in selected homes in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The findings showed that the highest levels of PM10, CO2, and NO2 were found in kitchens, while the highest level of CO was found in living rooms. PM10 levels exceeded air quality guidelines in homes near industrial and agricultural areas.
INDOOR AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Raissa Uskenbayeva, Aigerim Altayeva, Faryda Gusmanova, Gluyssya Abdulkarimova, Saule Berkimbaeva, Kuralay Dalbekova, Azizah Suiman, Akzhunis Zhanseitova, Aliya Amreyeva
Summary: Ensuring comfortable indoor air quality control is crucial in residential construction. This paper presents a mathematical model and designs a controller based on a backpropagation neural network. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed controller successfully provides the required level of clean air.
CMC-COMPUTERS MATERIALS & CONTINUA
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Angelo Robotto, Paola Quaglino, David Lembo, Marcello Morello, Enrico Brizio, Luisella Bardi, Andrea Civra
Summary: Key challenges in studying the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 diffusion and environment include the lack of standardization in indoor and outdoor air sampling methods. To address this, methods such as developing recovery tests, employing multiple samplers simultaneously, and confirming results with simplified emission and dilution models have been proposed to improve the quality and reliability of data collection.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Faramarz Farahi
Summary: This article reports two applications of a sub-category of air cleaning devices based on soft ionization. The experiments showed that using a bipolar ionizer in conjunction with a MERV 10 filter significantly improved the removal rate of fine and ultrafine particles. In addition, introducing ions into the air enhanced the inactivation rate of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bin Zhao, Shanshan Shi, John S. Ji
Summary: The WHO AQGs 2021 incorporates stricter guidelines for air pollution, including both outdoor and indoor air quality. The challenges to meeting the indoor air quality guidelines are discussed. A treatment solution that combines efforts from policy, technology, and education is suggested.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Justin Y. Y. Lee, Yanhao Miao, Ricky L. T. Chau, Mark Hernandez, Patrick K. H. Lee
Summary: AI models were developed to estimate real-time and near-future concentrations of bioaerosols and particulate matter in indoor environments. The models utilized physical and chemical data from air quality sensors and fluorescence observations of bioaerosols. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of AI-based methods in improving indoor environmental quality.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xinyu Zhuang, Yisong Xu, Li Zhang, Xin Li, Jie Lu
Summary: This research explores the movement and diffusion of indoor particles and reveals the impacts of fine particles and coarse particles on indoor air quality.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Baba Seidu, Oluwole Daniel Makinde, Ibrahim Yakubu Seini
Summary: This paper studies the impact of HIV and TB on workforce productivity from the perspective of dynamical systems. A nonlinear ordinary differential equation model is used to analyze the dynamics of HIV-TB co-infection and its effect on workforce productivity. The study finds that the most cost-effective strategy for controlling the spread of co-infection and improving productivity is the combination of preventative and curative measures along with skills training.
DISCRETE DYNAMICS IN NATURE AND SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Youngtae Choe, Jun-shup Shin, Jinhyeon Park, Eunchae Kim, Narae Oh, Kihong Min, Dongjun Kim, Kyunghwa Sung, Mansu Cho, Wonho Yang
Summary: IAQ management is crucial in school classrooms, where air purifiers can reduce PM concentrations but most classrooms have CO2 levels exceeding standards and inadequate ventilation. Students perceive CO2 as having a greater impact than PM in classrooms.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Keren Middelkoop, Anastasia S. Koch, Zeenat Hoosen, Wayne Bryden, Charles Call, Ronnett Seldon, Digby F. Warner, Robin Wood, Jason R. Andrews
Summary: This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential of using environmental air sampling to detect and quantify Mycobacterium tuberculosis, enabling the identification of high-risk transmission locations.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Christopher Weyant, Serin Lee, Jason R. Andrews, Fernando Alarid-Escudero, Jeremy D. Goldhaber-Fiebert
Summary: This study used a simulation model to explore the transmission dynamics of respiratory infectious diseases between correctional facilities and the community, and identified key factors. The results showed that in many cases, there can be a magnification-reflection dynamic between correctional facilities and the community. In correctional facilities, correctional staff may be a more important route of infection compared to incarcerations and releases.
MEDICAL DECISION MAKING
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Holly Burrows, Marina Antillon, Jillian S. Gauld, Jong-Hoon Kim, Vittal Mogasale, Theresa Ryckman, Jason R. Andrews, Nathan C. Lo, Virginia E. Pitzer
Summary: Mathematical models compared different strategies for typhoid vaccination and predicted the expected outcomes. The results showed that routine vaccination and catch-up campaigns can reduce the incidence of typhoid in high burden areas and are cost-effective.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gladys Estigarribia Sanabria, Guillermo Sequera, Sarita Aguirre, Julieta Mendez, Paulo Cesar Pereira dos Santos, Natalie Weiler Gustafson, Margarita Godoy, Analia Ortiz, Cynthia Cespedes, Gloria Martinez, Alberto L. Garcia-Basteiro, Jason R. Andrews, Julio Croda, Katharine S. Walter
Summary: Recent rises in incident tuberculosis cases in Paraguay, particularly within prisons, emphasize the need for targeted strategies to interrupt transmission and prevent new infections. Prospective genomic surveillance reveals frequent transmission within prisons and between urban areas, highlighting the urgency of strengthening TB control programs. Carceral institutions play a significant role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission, as evidenced by the high incidence rate in prisons compared to the general population.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Seth A. Hoffman, Christopher LeBoa, Kashmira Date, Pradeep Haldar, Pauline Harvey, Rahul Shimpi, Qian An, Chenhua Zhang, Niniya Jayaprasad, Lily Horng, Kirsten Fagerli, Priyanka Borhade, Savita Daruwalla, Dhanya Dharmapalan, Jeetendra Gavhane, Shrikrishna Joshi, Rajesh Rai, Varsha Rathod, Keertana Shetty, Divyalatha S. Warrier, Shalini Yadav, Debjit Chakraborty, Sunil Bahl, Arun Katkar, Abhishek Kunwar, Vijay Yewale, Jason R. Andrews, Pankaj Bhatnagar, Shanta Dutta, Stephen P. Luby
Summary: In 2018, the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation implemented a typhoid conjugate vaccine campaign, which reduced typhoid risk by 56% in vaccinated communities compared to non-vaccinated communities. The campaign targeted children aged 9 months to 14 years, with a coverage rate of 71%. The study findings support the use of mass vaccination campaigns as effective tools against typhoid fever.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Kristen Aiemjoy, Jessica C. Seidman, Richelle C. Charles, Jason R. Andrews
Summary: Safe and effective typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) are available, but many countries lack the high-resolution data needed to prioritize TCV introduction. Seroepidemiology, using antibody response data, can be a potential tool to fill this data gap and characterize infection burden.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Salome Charalambous, Kavindhran Velen, Zulma Rueda, Julio Croda, Michael E. Herce, Sheela Shenoi, Frederick L. Altice, Monde Muyoyeta, Lily Telisinghe, Louis Grandjean, Salmaan Keshavjee, Jason R. Andrews
Summary: People deprived of liberty have the highest rates of tuberculosis globally, with a ten times greater incidence than the general population. WHO strongly recommends systematic screening for tuberculosis in prisons and penitentiary systems. This Viewpoint reviews the evidence base for screening and diagnostic strategies in prisons, discussing challenges and opportunities for improving diagnosis and treatment.
LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Lukas E. Bruemmer, Ryan R. Thompson, Akash Malhotra, Sourya Shrestha, Emily A. Kendall, Jason R. Andrews, Patrick Phillips, Payam Nahid, Adithya Cattamanchi, Florian M. Marx, Claudia M. Denkinger, David W. Dowdy
Summary: Low-complexity screening tests for tuberculosis (TB) have the potential to expand community-based case-finding efforts, but their costs and cost-effectiveness are not well understood.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Christopher Leboa, Sneha Shrestha, Jivan Shakya, Shiva Ram Naga, Sony Shrestha, Mudita Shakya, Alexander T. Yu, Rajeev Shrestha, Krista Vaidya, Nishan Katuwal, Kristen Aiemjoy, Isaac I. Bogoch, Christopher B. Uzzell, Denise O. Garrett, Stephen P. Luby, Jason R. Andrews, Dipesh Tamrakar
Summary: This study used environmental surveillance to detect Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A DNA from potential sources of transmission in Kathmandu and Kavre Districts of Nepal. The results showed low positivity rates of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi in drinking water samples, but higher positivity rates in river water samples. The study also observed human activities of bathing, washing clothes, and washing vegetables in the rivers, which could be potential pathways of exposure.
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Katharine S. Walter, Jonathan Altamirano, Chunhong Huang, Yuan J. Carrington, Frank Zhou, Jason R. Andrews, Yvonne Maldonado
Summary: This study evaluated the genetic stability of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) through sequencing the VP1 gene and found that it undergoes rapid evolution and reversion mutations that can lead to virulence. The findings highlight the importance of intensive surveillance following OPV use.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lais Albuquerque de Oliveira, Izabela Mauricio de Rezende, Vinicius Joao Navarini, Silvana Beutinger Marchioro, Alex Jose Leite Torres, Julio Croda, Mariana Garcia Croda, Crhistinne Cavalheiro Maymone Goncalves, Joilson Xavier, Emerson de Castro, Mauricio Lima, Felipe Iani, Talita Adelino, Flavia Aburjaile, Luiz Henrique Ferraz Demarchi, Deborah Ledesma Taira, Marina Castilhos Souza Umaki Zardin, Vagner Fonseca, Marta Giovanetti, Jason Andrews, Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara, Simone Simionatto
Summary: This study found multiple introductions of different SARS-CoV-2 lineages in the indigenous population of a particular area in Brazil over time. Due to their proximity to urban areas and socioeconomic and cultural disparities, these indigenous populations need to be isolated and protected. Genomic surveillance is crucial for monitoring viral dynamics and directing specific actions to prevent the spread of new emerging viruses.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Leonardo Martinez, Joshua L. Warren, Anthony D. Harries, Julio Croda, Marcos A. Espinal, Rafael A. Lopez Olarte, Pedro Avedillo, Christian Lienhardt, Vineet Bhatia, Qiao Liu, Jeremiah Chakaya, Justin T. Denholm, Yan Lin, Lisa Kawatsu, Limei Zhu, C. Robert Horsburgh, Ted Cohen, Jason R. Andrews
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the incidence of tuberculosis among incarcerated populations globally from 2000 to 2019. Data from published and unpublished literature, as well as country-level tuberculosis notifications and incarcerated population, were collected and analyzed using a Bayesian meta-regression model. The findings indicate a high incidence rate of tuberculosis among incarcerated individuals globally and a low case detection ratio.
LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Carla Celina Ribeiro, Andrea da Silva Santos, Daniel Henrique Tshua, Roberto Dias de Oliveira, Everton Ferreira Lemos, Paul Bourdillon, Alexandre Laranjeira, Crhistinne Cavalheiro Maymone Goncalves, Jason Andrews, Albert Ko, Julio Croda
Summary: This study evaluated the delay in the diagnosis and treatment of TB in Brazilian prisons, finding that the number of TB cases in prisons is higher than that in the general population and is the most common cause of death in prisons. Delays were significant between reporting of the first symptoms and diagnosis, highlighting the need for control strategies to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment and reduce TB transmission.
REVISTA DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA TROPICAL
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Thiego Ramon Soares, Roberto Dias de Oliveira, Yiran E. Liu, Andrea da Silva Santos, Paulo Cesar Pereira dos Santos, Luma Ravena Soares Monte, Lissandra Maia de Oliveira, Chang Min Park, Eui Jin Hwang, Jason R. Andrews, Julio Croda
Summary: This study assessed the accuracy of artificial intelligence-based chest x-ray interpretation algorithms for tuberculosis (TB) screening in prisons, and found that these algorithms have good accuracy in TB screening in prisons, but have lower specificity in individuals with previous TB.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-AMERICAS
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Fernando Alarid-Escudero, Jason R. Andrews, Jeremy D. Goldhaber-Fiebert
Summary: This study presents an approach to incorporate household structure into infectious disease models and simulates epidemics considering different transmission rates, immunity rate, household size, and compartments. The results show that models without household structure produce biased predictions and overestimate the impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions. However, the biases are smaller when considering the effect of vaccines on both household and community transmission.
MEDICAL DECISION MAKING
(2023)
