Article
Ecology
Beth E. Ross, Mitch D. Weegman
Summary: Understanding mechanistic causes of population change is critical for managing and conserving species. Integrated population models (IPMs) allow for quantifying population changes while directly relating environmental drivers to vital rates. The study found that the temporal duration of a study and effect size had the greatest influence on the power to identify trends in adult survival and fecundity. IPMs had greater power to identify trends and environmental effects on vital rates compared to traditional analysis methods.
ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jeroen A. A. van de Pol, Lisa George, Piet A. van den Brandt, Marcella M. L. L. Baldewijns, Leo J. Schouten
Summary: The study found that there are different impacts of body mass index (BMI) and smoking on the risk of clear-cell RCC (ccRCC) and papillary RCC (pRCC), while alcohol consumption is negatively associated with the risk of both. Hypertension is positively associated with the risk of both ccRCC and pRCC. The research also indicates significant differences in BMI, BMI change, and smoking duration among current smokers in terms of ccRCC and pRCC risk.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jonah Kudler-Flam
Summary: The study focuses on the relative entropy of highly excited quantum states, where it is found that analytical results precisely match small-N numerics and random matrix theory can accurately capture the behavior of chaotic many-body eigenstates. When applied to the AdS/CFT correspondence, it is observed that black hole microstates remain distinguishable even with limited access to the quantum state, albeit with a nonperturbatively small distinguishability in Newton's constant. These results are interpreted within the context of the subsystem eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (SETH), indicating that holographic systems follow SETH up to subsystems half the size of the total system.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Psychology
Cassandra L. Boness, Ashley L. Watts, Kimberly N. Moeller, Kenneth J. Sher
Summary: Modern nosologies prioritize reliability and clinical presentation over etiology in diagnosing alcohol use disorder (AUD), resulting in challenges and limitations. Integrating addiction constructs and theories into a comprehensive framework like the ETOH Framework can improve AUD assessment, promote precision medicine, and strengthen scientific validity by recognizing AUD as dimensional and heterogeneous.
PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN
(2021)
Review
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Kurt D. Shulver, Nicholas A. Badcock
Summary: This study examined the relationship between perceptual anchoring and dyslexia, finding evidence of a moderate perceptual anchoring deficit in individuals with dyslexia compared to non-dyslexic individuals. The variability of effect sizes appears consistent with the inherent variability within subtypes of dyslexia.
JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Javad Shokri, Omar E. Godinez-Brizuela, Hamidreza Erfani, Yongqiang Chen, Masoud Babaei, Brian Berkowitz, Vahid Niasar
Summary: This study used optical imaging to investigate two-phase drainage in a heterogeneous micromodel under different injection rates and flow directions, and found that the capillary pressure-saturation relationship near a heterogeneity interface deviates from conventional models. The initial findings highlight the gaps in the understanding of upscaling capillary pressure in heterogeneous porous materials, and indicate that the discontinuity in saturation is more pronounced in the fine-to-coarse direction.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Yuan Zhang, Yuanqing Xia, Di-Hua Zhai
Summary: This paper examines the controllability of networked relative coupling systems (NRCSs) by investigating the structural controllability under different subsystem dynamics and network topologies. It shows that under certain necessary connectivity conditions, all parameter-dependent modes of the NRCSs are generally controllable.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Si Chen, Junrui Zhao, Soo-Beom Lee, Seong Wook Kim
Summary: This study aims to investigate the economic burden of high temperature on the health of residents in Wuhan between 2013 and 2019. The results indicate that high temperature leads to an increase in premature deaths and imposes an economic burden on the healthcare system and population in Wuhan.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Xing Wu, Jie Pei, Xian-Hua Han, Yen-Wei Chen, Junfeng Yao, Yang Liu, Quan Qian, Yike Guo
Summary: Federated learning is a joint training pattern that fully utilizes data information while protecting data privacy. To address the challenge of statistical heterogeneity, a novel solution called Federated Ensemble Learning (FedEL) is proposed, which trains a group of weak learners with diversity to construct a global model. FedEL improves performance in non-independent identical distribution scenarios and reduces storage and reasoning costs compared to traditional ensemble learning.
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jannes Gladrow, Ulrich F. Keyser, R. Adhikari, Julian Kappler
Summary: This study establishes a protocol for extracting ratios of path probabilities from measured time series, bridging the gap between theory and experiment. By conducting experiments on a single colloidal particle in a microchannel, both ratios of path probabilities and the most probable path for a barrier crossing were successfully extracted, showing excellent agreement with independently calculated predictions. The experimental results at room temperature were found to be inconsistent with the low-noise Freidlin-Wentzell stochastic action, while the experimentally accessible ratio of path probabilities is uniquely determined.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Fatemeh Pourmotahari, Hassan Doosti, Nasrin Borumandnia, Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei, Hamid Alavi Majd
Summary: This study proposes a new statistical method to compare functional connectivity networks between subgroups, taking into account the network topological structure of brain regions and subject heterogeneity. The results from simulation data show that the proposed model has high power and near-nominal type I error rates.
BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sojwal Manoorkar, Samuel J. Jackson, Samuel Krevor
Summary: This study investigates the impact of heterogeneity on relative permeability and residual trapping in carbonate rock reservoirs at various spatial scales. Experimental results show fluid distribution, core-average relative permeability, and residual trapping for different carbonate rocks selected based on distinct spatial scales of rock texture.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniela C. V. Costa, Joao Valente-dos-Santos, Jorge M. Celis-Moreno, Paulo M. Sousa-e-Silva, Diogo V. M. Martinho, Joao P. Duarte, Tomas Oliveira, Oscar M. Tavares, Joaquim M. Castanheira, Rui Soles-Goncalves, Telmo J. Pereira, Jorge Conde, Daniel Courteix, David Thivel, Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva
Summary: This study examined intra-individual variation in a strength testing protocol among male adolescent swimmers, finding that they require multiple attempts to achieve their best performance. The validity of shorter protocols may be compromised if athletes do not achieve their best result in the first few attempts, while a 5-repetition protocol showed acceptable reliability.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniela C. Costa, Joao Valente-dos-Santos, Jorge M. Celis-Moreno, Paulo Sousa-e-Silva, Diogo V. Martinho, Joao P. Duarte, Tomas Oliveira, Oscar M. Tavares, Joaquim M. Castanheira, Rui Soles-Goncalves, Telmo Pereira, Jorge Conde, Daniel Courteix, David Thivel, Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva
Summary: Learning effect refers to the phenomenon that the best performance is not achieved at the earliest trial of a repeated evaluation protocol. This study aimed to investigate the intra-individual variation in isokinetic strength testing among male adolescent swimmers, as well as determine the test-retest reliability. The results showed that a considerable percentage of participants required multiple repetitions to reach their best peak torque. For the subsample who completed a second testing session, the intra-individual mean differences in peak torque were minimal.
Article
Neurosciences
Gang Chen, Daniel S. Pine, Melissa A. Brotman, Ashley R. Smith, Robert W. Cox, Paul A. Taylor, Simone P. Haller
Summary: Trials play a crucial role in task-based neuroimaging, impacting statistical efficiency and condition-level generalizability. Increasing both trial and subject sample sizes can improve statistical efficiency more effectively than focusing on subjects alone, and trial-level modeling may be necessary for accurately assessing effect estimates with small trial size.