Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ana Karina Zambrano, Santiago Cadena-Ullauri, Patricia Guevara-Ramirez, Evelyn Frias-Toral, Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo, Elius Paz-Cruz, Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo, Sebastian Chapela, Martha Montalvan, Gerardo Sarno, Claudia V. Guerra, Daniel Simancas-Racines
Summary: The very-low-calorie KD (VLCKD) is a diet with a caloric intake of under 800 kcal/day, less than 50 g/day of carbohydrate, and a balance of protein and fat. VLCKD has been proven to have beneficial effects on diseases like heart failure, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, and obesity. The gut microbiota plays a role in metabolism, appetite, and energy regulation, and there is evidence of an association between gut microbiota dysbiosis and obesity. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms and potential benefits of VLCKD on gut microbiota composition in individuals with obesity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ludovica Verde, Maria Dalamaga, Xavier Capo, Giuseppe Annunziata, Maria Hassapidou, Annamaria Docimo, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Luigi Barrea
Summary: High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) leads to better results in the very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), possibly due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the MD, which create a metabolic state favorable for more effective ketosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helena Deris, Petra Tominac, Frano Vuckovic, Arne Astrup, Ellen E. Blaak, Gordan Lauc, Ivan Gudelj
Summary: The aberrant plasma protein glycosylation associated with various diseases was studied by analyzing glycomes from participants of the Diogenes study. Significant alterations in glycan structures were observed 8 weeks after the low-calorie diet, but these effects were nullified during the weight-maintenance diets period.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Faidon Magkos, Mads F. Hjorth, Sarah Asping, Maria Rosenkrans, Sidse Rasmussen, Christian Ritz, Anders Sjodin, Nina R. W. Geiker
Summary: This study compared the effects of very-low-calorie diets with different protein content on lean mass and resting metabolic rate in overweight and obese individuals. The results showed that increasing protein content did not mitigate reductions in lean mass and resting metabolic rate during weight loss, indicating that the proposed protein increase may not be effective for weight maintenance in this population.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ivan Ozvald, Dragan Bozicevic, Lidija Duh, Ivana Vinkovic Vrcek, Ivan Pavicic, Ana-Marija Domijan, Mirta Milic
Summary: The study evaluated severely obese patients after a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) and found that VLCDs can decrease weight, improve lipid profiles, and reduce DNA damage, providing a basis for individualized monitoring and treatment.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anjali Kashyap, Alexander Mackay, Ben Carter, Claire L. Fyfe, Alexandra M. Johnstone, Phyo K. Myint
Summary: Vegan diets do not have a significant impact on weight and glycemic control, but they can significantly lower LDL cholesterol. Low-calorie diets have a significant improvement in glycemic control and are beneficial for weight loss and improvement in anthropometric markers.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mari Naatanen, Anna Karlund, Santtu Mikkonen, Anton Klavus, Otto Savolainen, Marko Lehtonen, Leila Karhunen, Kati Hanhineva, Marjukka Kolehmainen
Summary: This study investigated the effect of two isocaloric 24-week weight maintenance diets on metabolism and identified metabolite features associated with successful weight loss maintenance. It was found that the dietary fiber, protein, and fat content of the diet influenced amino acid and lipid metabolism, and increased abundance of certain phospholipids and free fatty acids was associated with better weight loss maintenance.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Enric Sanchez, Maria-Dolores Santos, Maitane Nunez-Garcia, Marta Bueno, Ignacio Sajoux, Andree Yeramian, Albert Lecube
Summary: Weight loss after bariatric surgery can reduce the expansion of the adventitial vasa vasorum (VV), but the effect of very low calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) on VV and lipid-based atherogenic indices is unclear. A 6-month VLCKD intervention in moderately obese individuals led to significant improvements in BMI, total body fat, and quality of life, as well as decreases in atherogenic plasma index and sICAM-1 serum concentration. While VV density did not change significantly, VLCKD induced changes in markers of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nur Aisyah Zainordin, Nur' Aini Eddy Warman, Aimi Fadilah Mohamad, Fatin Aqilah Abu Yazid, Nazrul Hadi Ismail, Xin Wee Chen, Marymol Koshy, Thuhairah Hasrah Abdul Rahman, Nafeeza Mohd Ismail, Rohana Abdul Ghani
Summary: This study demonstrated that implementation of a very low carbohydrate diet in patients with diabetic kidney disease is safe and associated with significant improvements in glycemic control, anthropometric measurements including weight, abdominal adiposity and IL-6. Renal outcomes remained unchanged. These findings underscore the importance of this dietary intervention in the management of patients with diabetic kidney disease.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katie L. Whytock, Karen D. Corbin, Stephanie A. Parsons, Alok Pachori, Christopher P. Bock, Karen P. Jones, Joshua S. Smith, Fanchao Yi, Hui Xie, Christopher J. Petucci, Stephen J. Gardell, Steven R. Smith
Summary: This study revealed that some overweight/obese individuals may experience significant metabolic adaptation after a 28-day low-calorie diet, along with impaired fat oxidation. Weight loss success was associated with the accumulation of specific metabolites.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tyler McKechnie, Yung Lee, Joanna Dionne, Aristithes Doumouras, Sameer Parpia, Mohit Bhandari, Cagla Eskicioglu
Summary: The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative morbidity of patients receiving preoperative VLEDs with liquid formulation to those receiving a non-VLED control prior to bariatric surgery. The results showed that patients receiving VLED experienced significantly more preoperative weight loss, but there was a non-significant reduction in 30-day postoperative morbidity. The impact of preoperative VLEDs on postoperative outcomes remains unclear and further trials are required.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mariangela Rondanelli, Zaira Patelli, Clara Gasparri, Francesca Mansueto, Cinzia Ferraris, Mara Nichetti, Tariq A. Alalwan, Ignacio Sajoux, Roberto Maugeri, Simone Perna
Summary: A study found that a high ketone level in the diet can have anti-inflammatory effects on rheumatic diseases. This case report describes a 22-year-old woman who successfully achieved her target weight and experienced relief from joint pain and headaches through a very low calorie ketogenic diet. Laboratory inflammatory indices also normalized.
WORLD JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CASES
(2023)
Review
Surgery
Tyler McKechnie, Christopher A. Povolo, Jay Lee, Yung Lee, Lily Park, Aristithes G. Doumouras, Dennis Hong, Mohit Bhandari, Cagla Eskicioglu
Summary: Although the evidence currently available is heterogeneous, preoperative very low energy diets are safe, well tolerated, and effectively induce preoperative weight loss in patients undergoing nonbariatric surgery for both benign and malignant disease. Further prospective studies are warranted.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sunil K. Saini, Arashdeep Singh, Manisha Saini, Marta Gonzalez-Freire, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Stephen D. Anton
Summary: Time-restricted eating (TRE), a form of intermittent fasting, has been shown to provide health benefits by influencing the expression of circulatory miRNAs. This study aimed to examine the effects of a 4-week TRE regimen on global circulatory miRNA in older overweight participants. The results demonstrated that TRE downregulated miRNA, which could inhibit cell growth pathways and activate cell survival pathways, potentially promoting healthy aging.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Luigi Barrea, Matteo Megna, Sara Cacciapuoti, Evelyn Frias-Toral, Gabriella Fabbrocini, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao, Giovanna Muscogiuri
Summary: Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disease influenced by genetic and lifestyle factors. Nutrition and obesity are significant contributors to its pathogenesis and severity. Certain diets with anti-inflammatory properties, such as the very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), may improve clinical severity by reducing weight and systemic inflammation.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Stefan Wallen, Gustaf Bruze, Johan Ottosson, Claude Marcus, Johan Sundstrom, Eva Szabo, Torsten Olbers, Maria Palmetun-Ekback, Ingmar Naslund, Martin Neovius
Summary: This study aimed to compare the use of opioids in patients with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery versus those who underwent intensive lifestyle modification. The results showed that patients who underwent bariatric surgery had a higher proportion of opioid users and a larger total opioid dose, especially in those who received additional surgery during follow-up.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tom A. Bond, Rebecca C. Richmond, Ville Karhunen, Gabriel Cuellar-Partida, Maria Carolina Borges, Verena Zuber, Alexessander Couto Alves, Dan Mason, Tiffany C. Yang, Marc J. Gunter, Abbas Dehghan, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Sylvain Sebert, David M. Evans, Alex M. Lewin, Paul F. O'Reilly, Deborah A. Lawlor, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
Summary: This study investigates the causal relationship between maternal pre-/early pregnancy BMI and offspring adiposity. The results suggest that higher maternal BMI is not a key driver of higher adiposity in the next generation.
Letter
Allergy
Andrei Malinovschi, Xingwu Zhou, Christer Janson, Johan Sundstrom, Per Wollmer, Jenny Hallberg
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sok Cin Tye, Niels Jongs, Steven G. Coca, Johan Sundstrom, Clare Arnott, Bruce Neal, Vlado Perkovic, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Priya Vart, Hiddo J. L. Heerspink
Summary: Initiating the SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin based on an estimated risk-guided approach, using clinical characteristics and novel biomarkers, can prevent more kidney and heart failure outcomes compared to a strategy based solely on HbA1c or UACR. There is no apparent benefit from adding novel biomarkers to the clinical risk model.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
K. Alaine Broadaway, Xianyong Yin, Alice Williamson, Victoria A. Parsons, Emma P. Wilson, Anne H. Moxley, Swarooparani Vadlamudi, Arushi Varshney, Anne U. Jackson, Vasudha Ahuja, Stefan R. Bornstein, Laura J. Corbin, Graciela E. Delgado, Om P. Dwivedi, Lilian Fernandes Silva, Timothy M. Frayling, Harald Grallert, Stefan Gustafsson, Liisa Hakaste, Ulf Hammar, Christian Herder, Sandra Herrmann, Kurt Hojlund, David A. Hughes, Marcus E. Kleber, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Ching-Ti Liu, Jian'an Luan, Anni Malmberg, Angela P. Moissl, Andrew P. Morris, Nikolaos Perakakis, Annette Peters, John R. Petrie, Michael Roden, Peter E. H. Schwarz, Sapna Sharma, Angela Silveira, Rona J. Strawbridge, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Andrew R. Wood, Peitao Wu, Bjorn Zethelius, Damiano Baldassarre, Johan G. Eriksson, Tove Fall, Jose C. Florez, Andreas Fritsche, Bruna Gigante, Anders Hamsten, Eero Kajantie, Markku Laakso, Jari Lahti, Deborah A. Lawlor, Lars Lind, Winfried Maerz, James B. Meigs, Johan Sundstrom, Nicholas J. Timpson, Robert Wagner, Mark Walker, Nicholas J. Wareham, Hugh Watkins, Ines Barroso, Stephen O'Rahilly, Niels Grarup, Stephen CJ. Parker, Michael Boehnke, Claudia Langenberg, Eleanor Wheeler, Karen L. Mohlke
Summary: Insufficient insulin secretion and increased proinsulin levels indicate beta-cell stress and insulin resistance. A meta-analysis of European-ancestry individuals identified 36 independent signals at 30 loci associated with fasting proinsulin. These loci are involved in various mechanisms that affect insulin processing and beta-cell function. Colocalization analysis provided potential candidate genes and regulatory mechanisms for proinsulin production and glucose regulation. This study highlights the importance of genetic studies for understanding disease predisposition.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tracey G. Simon, Bjorn Roelstraete, Naim Alkhouri, Hannes Hagstrom, Johan Sundstrom, Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Summary: This study found that children and young adults with biopsy-proven NAFLD had significantly higher rates of incident MACE, including ischaemic heart disease and congestive heart failure, compared to matched population controls.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sara Higueras-Fresnillo, Angel Herraiz-Adillo, Viktor H. Ahlqvist, Daniel Berglind, Cecilia Lenander, Bledar Daka, Maria Braennholm Syrjala, Johan Sundstrom, Carl Johan Ostgren, Karin Radholm, Pontus Henriksson
Summary: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health (iCVH) in the middle-aged population of Sweden. Data from a large population-based study were analyzed and a total iCVH score was calculated based on seven components. Results showed that only 18.2% of the population reached ideal status, while 51.9% were classified as intermediate status and 29.9% as poor status of iCVH. Women had a higher prevalence of iCVH status and a lower prevalence of poor iCVH status. These findings can be used as benchmarks for future comparisons and efforts to promote cardiovascular health.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lars Lind, Tove Fall, Johan Arnlov, Solve Elmstahl, Johan Sundstrom
Summary: This study explored the relationship between a wide range of circulating metabolites and future cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as subclinical markers of CVD in the general population.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Troels Yndigegn, Bertil Lindahl, Joakim Alfredsson, Jocelyne Benatar, Lisa Brandin, David Erlinge, Urban Haaga, Claes Held, Pelle Johansson, Patric Karlstrom, Thomas Kellerth, Toomas Marandi, Katarina Mars, Annica Ravn-Fischer, Johan Sundstrom, Ollie Ostlund, Robin Hofmann, Tomas Jernberg
Summary: This article introduces a trial called REDUCE-AMI, which aims to evaluate the effect of long-term beta-blocker treatment on death and recurrent myocardial infarction in patients with acute MI. The study will involve 5000 patients and observe both primary and secondary endpoints. The results will have important implications for guidelines and clinical practice.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anna Norhammar, Johan Bodegard, Marc Vanderheyden, Navdeep Tangri, Avraham Karasik, Aldo Pietro Maggioni, Kari Anne Sveen, Tiago Taveira-Gomes, Manuel Botana, Lukas Hunziker, Marcus Thuresson, Amitava Banerjee, Johan Sundstrom, Andreas Bollmann
Summary: The CaReMe HF study collected individual level data from digital healthcare systems in 11 countries to estimate the prevalence, clinical outcomes, and costs of HF. The study found that 1-2% of the contemporary adult population has HF, and these individuals are at significant risk of adverse outcomes and associated costs.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Natalie B. B. Lister, Louise A. A. Baur, Janine F. F. Felix, Andrew J. J. Hill, Claude Marcus, Thomas Reinehr, Carolyn Summerbell, Martin Wabitsch
Summary: The prevalence of child and adolescent obesity has plateaued at high levels in most high-income countries and is increasing in many low-income and middle-income countries. Obesity arises when a mix of genetic and epigenetic factors, behavioural risk patterns and broader environmental and sociocultural influences affect the two body weight regulation systems. Treatment incorporates a respectful, stigma-free and family-based approach involving multiple components, and addresses dietary, physical activity, sedentary and sleep behaviours. Prevention of obesity requires a whole-system approach and joined-up policy initiatives across government departments.
NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Joel Ohm, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Anna Warnqvist, Henrike Haebel, Per H. Skoglund, Johan Sundstroem, Kristina Hambraeus, Tomas Jernberg, Per Svensson
Summary: Low socioeconomic status is associated with worse prognosis after myocardial infarction. This study identified nonparticipation in cardiac rehabilitation, cardiometabolic risk profile, and persistent smoking as mediating factors in the relationship between low income and post-MI recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Resthie R. Putri, Pernilla Danielsson, Claude Marcus, Emilia Hagman
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of obesity severity and treatment outcome on growth. It was found that obesity severity is positively associated with height and growth velocity, and successful obesity treatment can normalize the growth velocity pattern. Therefore, a hampered growth spurt should be anticipated during puberty, especially in adolescents with severe obesity, and there is no difference in final height between different levels of obesity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Eric Clapham, Johan Reutfors, Marie Linder, Lena Brandt, Johan Sundstrom, Robert Boden
Summary: The risk of cardiac adverse events following the use of clozapine is debated; however, its risk for chemically related antipsychotics olanzapine and quetiapine is unknown. A Swedish study used registers to analyze the risk of perimyocarditis and heart failure in patients receiving these antipsychotics. The study found that clozapine use was associated with a significantly increased short-term risk of perimyocarditis and an increased long-term risk of heart failure. Olanzapine and quetiapine use did not show an increased risk compared to no antipsychotic treatment.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jiangwei Sun, Bjorn Roelstraete, Emma Svennberg, Jonas Halfvarson, Johan Sundstrom, Anders Forss, Ola Olen, Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Summary: This study found that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of developing arrhythmias. This increased risk persists even 25 years after the diagnosis of IBD.
