Article
Clinical Neurology
Nizameddin Koca, Meral Seferoglu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of disease-modifying treatment (DMTs) on plasma lipid profiles in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The records of 380 MS patients were analyzed, and it was found that there was no significant relationship between the DMTs and cholesterol levels in the patients.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Dylan C. Brock, Scott Demarest, Tim A. Benke
Summary: Although trials with anti-seizure medications have not shown clear anti-epileptogenic activity in humans, advancements in genomic technology and emerging gene-mediated therapies offer hope for the successful development of disease-modifying therapies for genetic epilepsies. More than 26 potential DMTs are in various stages of development, showing promise for altering the natural history and improving the quality of life for patients with genetic epilepsy syndromes.
Article
Neurosciences
Nirosen Vijiaratnam, Thomas Foltynie
Summary: Treatment of Parkinson's disease is currently limited to symptomatic therapies, with the goal of halting or reversing disease progression remaining unmet. Utilizing new treatment targets and biomarkers may improve outcome measurements in clinical trials. Exploring disease mechanisms and targeting peripheral interfaces may hold promise for disease modification.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chengfei Zhuang, Jinping Yuan, Yimei Du, Jing Zeng, Yan Sun, Yan Wu, Xing-Hua Gao, Hong-Duo Chen
Summary: Oral carotenoids can protect organs, tissues, and cells from oxidative stress, increase the levels of antioxidative parameters, decrease blood triglyceride levels, and increase blood levels of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol. The optimal duration for carotenoid intake is 8 weeks.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Andreas Rogalewski, Wolf-Ruediger Schaebitz
Summary: Stroke recovery processes involve restoration and compensation of lost or acquired functions. The translation of results from animal models to human situation is hindered by various factors, including genetic and anatomical differences, as well as differences in clinical function and behavior. The design of clinical trials also varies widely, making it difficult to compare and draw conclusions. Developing a recovery enhancing therapy for chronic stroke patients is a major unmet need in stroke research.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Hongwen Li, Wenting Song, Zhaoming Li, Mingzhi Zhang
Summary: CAR-NK cell therapy represents a promising strategy in the treatment of malignant tumors, with advantages over CAR-T cell therapy, but still faces challenges and limitations.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chui Yan Ma, Cheng Li, Xiaoya Zhou, Zhao Zhang, Hua Jiang, Hongsheng Liu, Huanhuan Joyce Chen, Hung-Fat Tse, Can Liao, Qizhou Lian
Summary: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene, which can be fatal in severe cases. Lack of in-depth understanding of the disease pathophysiology and reliable models hampers research and development of novel therapies.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Georges Jalkh, Rachelle Abi Nahed, Gabrielle Macaron, Mary Rensel
Summary: In the past decade, the therapeutic options for multiple sclerosis have greatly expanded, with newer and more effective disease modifying therapies being increasingly used early in the disease course. Despite their advantages in controlling disease activity and improving long-term outcomes, these newer therapies come with safety concerns and monitoring requirements that highlight the need for periodic re-evaluation and adjustment of monitoring strategies for optimizing treatment safety in an individualized manner.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seahyoung Lee, Dong-Sik Chae, Byeong-Wook Song, Soyeon Lim, Sang Woo Kim, Il-Kwon Kim, Ki-Chul Hwang
Summary: Recent clinical trials have shown that one-third of studies on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) focused on musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). These disorders are a major burden to society and conventional treatments are often inadequate, leading to the investigation of ADSC-based cell therapies as more effective alternatives. Categorizing the specific MSDs targeted by ADSC therapy and understanding their mechanisms of action can aid in developing optimized strategies for ADSC-based treatments in the future.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Anne Galy, Ben Berkhout, Karine Breckpot, Chantal Pichon, Kristie Bloom, Hans-Peter Kiem, Michael D. Muhlebach, Joseph M. Mccune
Summary: The development of prophylactic or therapeutic medicines for infectious diseases is a top priority for global health organizations. Genetic technologies have opened up new possibilities in combating pathogens. Recent developments in the field of infectious diseases offer unprecedented hope and have far-reaching impacts.
HUMAN GENE THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Andrew Johnston, Anthony Callanan
Summary: The limited regenerative capacity of the human body has created a need for alternative grafting materials. Tissue-engineered grafts, which integrate with host tissue, offer a potential solution. Achieving mechanical compatibility with the graft site is a challenge, and altering the mechanical properties through hybrid materials, multi-layer scaffold designs, and surface modifications have been explored.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bing Tan, Yuxi Wang, Xudong Zhang, Xiangjun Sun
Summary: Walnut kernels have anti-inflammatory effects and their long-term intake can improve memory and cognitive function. This review focuses on the regulation of neuroinflammation by walnuts and their active ingredients, as well as the potential development of walnut-based functional foods for neurodegenerative diseases.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Daniel G. Hackam, Robert A. Hegele
Summary: This article reviews the impact of lipid-modifying therapies on the risk of stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases, with a focus on newer therapies. The findings suggest that statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors can reduce the risk of ischemic stroke without increasing the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. These therapies significantly expand the options for reducing the risk of stroke in high-risk settings.
CURRENT NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Win Min Oo, Christopher Little, Vicky Duong, David J. Hunter
Summary: This review discusses the need for disease modifying drugs (DMOADs) for the management of osteoarthritis (OA), the classification of clinical phenotypes or molecular/mechanistic endotypes for targeted drug discovery, and summarizes the efficacy and safety of targeted drugs in Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials targeting cartilage-driven, bone-driven, and inflammation-driven endotypes. The reasons for failures in OA clinical trials and possible steps to overcome these barriers are also briefly presented.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Niranjan G. Kotla, Yury Rochev
Summary: The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by gut mucosal inflammation, epithelial damage, and dysbiosis, resulting in a disturbed gut mucosal barrier. Current treatment regimens focus on symptom relief but do not address mucosal epithelial repair, barrier homeostasis, or intestinal dysbiosis. Efforts to identify new therapeutic modalities to enhance gut barrier functions are still in the early developmental stage and have not been entirely successful. In this review, we discuss conventional therapies, the potential role of gut barrier-protecting agents, and biomaterial strategies related to combination therapies that may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches for IBD.
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jose E. Exaire, Timothy A. Mixon
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Giuseppe Di Gioia, Federica Coletti, Lorenzo Buzzelli, Viviana Maestrini, Sara Monosilio, Andrea Segreti, Maria Rosaria Squeo, Erika Lemme, Antonio Nenna, Antonio Pelliccia
Summary: Dyslipidemia is common in Paralympic athletes, with lipid levels influenced by the type of disability and sporting discipline.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Esra Donmez, Sevgi Ozcan, Irfan Sahin, Murat Ziyrek, Ertugrul Okuyan
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the GRACE risk score in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) patients for 30-day mortality and the need for thrombolytic treatment. The study found that the GRACE risk score, along with the PESI score, were independent risk factors associated with 30-day mortality and the need for thrombolytic treatment. The GRACE risk score showed high sensitivity and specificity in predicting mortality, and its combination with the PESI score helped define high-risk PE patients and predict poor prognosis.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tom Kai Ming Wang, Reza Reyaldeen, Kevser Akyuz, Zoran B. Popovic, A. Marc Gillinov, Bo Xu, Brian P. Griffin, Milind Y. Desai
Summary: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is commonly used to evaluate isolated tricuspid regurgitation (TR), but there is limited research comparing its quantification with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, a novel TTE algorithm was developed to identify severe TR based on TTE parameters. The algorithm had a higher accuracy than the current guidelines' criteria in detecting severe TR by MRI.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2024)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Enkhtsogt Sainbayar, Ramzi Ibrahim, Hoang Nhat Pham, Wisam Beauti, Mahek Shahid, Natalie Hickerson, Mohammed Salih, Joao Paulo Ferreira, Mamas A. Mamas
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Richard E. Casazza, Hymie Chera, Carlos Adolfo Rodriguez, Sergey Ayzenberg
Summary: This article presents a case of a patient with known situs inversus who underwent cardiac catheterization and was found to have chronic total occlusion in the right coronary artery. Situs inversus is a rare congenital abnormality characterized by the inverted position of chest and abdominal organs. Cardiac catheterization is uncommon in patients with this particular abnormality, highlighting the importance of customizing techniques to engage coronary arteries and optimize guide support for percutaneous coronary intervention if needed.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2024)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Georgiana Pintea Bentea, Brahim Berdaoui, Sophie Samyn, Marielle Morissens, Philippe van de Borne, Jose Castro Rodriguez
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Bulbul Ahmed, Melissa G. Farb, Shakun Karki, Sophia D'Alessandro, Niloo M. Edwards, Noyan Gokce
Summary: This study evaluated the angiogenic capacity of adipose tissue in patients undergoing cardiac surgeries and found that patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) had reduced angiogenic capacity in their pericardial adipose tissue. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulated expression of the anti-angiogenic gene TSP-1 in CAD patients, with no significant differences in other angiogenic factors. Additionally, inhibiting TSP-1 expression significantly improved angiogenic deficiency in CAD patients.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Moshe Rav-Acha, Orli Wube, Oholi Tovia Brodie, Yoav Michowitz, Michael Ilan, Tal Ovdat, Robert Klempfner, Mahmud Suleiman, Ilan Goldenberg, Michael Glikson
Summary: The current guidelines recommend prophylactic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for patients with symptomatic heart failure (HF) and low left ventricular ejection fraction. However, not all patients will benefit from ICD treatment. This study evaluated the feasibility of using the MADIT-II-based Risk Stratification Score (MRSS) to predict the survival benefit of prophylactic ICDs in patients with HF. The results showed that different risk subgroups had varying levels of ICD survival benefit.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ariel Banai, Rachel Retsky, Lior Lupu, Erez Levi, David Zahler, Omri Feder, Roei Merin, Yan Topilsky, Raphael Rosso, Shmuel Banai, Sami Viskin, Ehud Chorin
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the association between electromechanical window (EMW) and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with Takotsubo syndrome (TTS). The study found that TTS patients had a lower EMW value, which was associated with an increased risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Harun Kundi, Kobina Hagan, Tamer Yahya, Garima Sharma, Sadeer Al-Kindi, Zulqarnain Javed, Khurram Nasir
Summary: Using latent class analysis (LCA), the study identified clinical, demographic, and social subphenotypes in ASCVD population and assessed the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality across different socioclinical classes. The results showed that the younger, female, non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic individuals with a high burden of co-morbidities and unfavorable social determinants of health had the highest risk of mortality in the identified latent classes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Moises A. Vasquez, Mina Iskander, Mohammed Mustafa, Juan A. Quintero-Martinez, Antonio Luna, Joel Mintz, Jose Noy, Juan Uribe, Ivan Mijares, Eduardo de Marchena, Yiannis S. Chatzizisis
Summary: The benefits of pericardiocentesis (PC) in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and pericardial effusions are unclear. The study found that PC in PH patients is associated with higher in-hospital mortality and rates of cardiovascular complications.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ken Kuwajima, Mana Ogawa, Irving Ruiz, Hiroko Hasegawa, Nobuichiro Yagi, Florian Rader, Robert J. Siegel, Takahiro Shiota
Summary: After cardiac surgery, the longitudinal function of the right ventricle and left ventricle is reduced, despite preserved global functions. In particular, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) remains decreased after surgery.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Min -Jung Kim, Robert H. Aseltine Jr, Sara R. Tabtabai
Summary: This study evaluated the rates and causes of 30-day readmissions after discharge for heart failure (HF) as a primary and secondary diagnosis. The findings indicate that efforts to reduce readmission rates should include patients with secondary HF diagnosis, and surveillance should extend to 2 weeks postdischarge to identify at-risk patients.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ya He, Jianzhong Zhou
Summary: This study aimed to examine the relation between reverse septal curvature (RSC) and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The study found that patients with RSC were younger and had a higher incidence of NSVT, and RSC was identified as a strong independent risk factor for NSVT.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2024)