Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao
Summary: NASH has become the main cause of cirrhosis and liver transplantation, unlike hepatitis C which is a liver-specific disorder. It is a complex metabolic disorder that requires finding alternative therapies and defining response to treatment, with diagnosis established through liver biopsy samples.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bo Deng, Shaomin Liu, Ying Wang, Barkat Ali, Na Kong, Tian Xie, Seyoung Koo, Jiang Ouyang, Wei Tao
Summary: This article discusses the advantages and limitations of oral administration compared to injection, as well as the application of nanotechnology in improving the bioavailability of oral medicines. In addition, the article also presents the challenges and opportunities in the future development of oral nanomedicine.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sebastian Martinez, Lukas Veth, Bruno Lainer, Pawel Dydio
Summary: Multicatalysis is an emerging field in synthetic chemistry that aims to efficiently convert simple starting materials into complex products, enhancing resource utilization. By utilizing multiple catalysts in single or sequential reactions, multicatalysis enables efficient transformations that reduce time, waste, and cost.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Max Weston, Shu Geng, Rona Chandrawati
Summary: Food sensors have been developed for quality monitoring and contaminant detection to improve food management. However, challenges such as the complexity of food samples, sensor design, and signal processing need to be addressed for successful translation into commercial products.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Ling Tao, Thomas D. Foust
Summary: Producing drop-in replacements for biofuels is a grand challenge, with lignocellulosic biomass being a promising feedstock for fuel ethanol production. Restrepo-Florez et al. systematically studied upgrading ethanol to advanced fuels with tailored properties, while considering process synthesis.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Wen-Yi Chen, Xiao-Lei Shi, Jin Zou, Zhi-Gang Chen
Summary: This paper comprehensively summarizes the significant progress of state-of-the-art thermoelectric coolers and highlights their applications in smart city, greenhouse, and personal and chip thermal management. It also points out the current challenges and future opportunities for further improvement.
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Dan Wang, Siping Shi, Yifei Zhu, Zhu Han
Summary: Federated analytics is a new distributed computing paradigm focusing on local data privacy and insight aggregation. It differs from federated learning by emphasizing drawing conclusions from data. The article discusses the definition, motivation, application case studies, as well as the opportunities and challenges of federated analytics.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
T. Yang, Y. Yang, X. Wang, G. Zhang, Z. Cheng
Summary: Due to their potential in converting heat to electricity, thermoelectric materials have been a major focus in condensed matter physics and material science. Recently, there has been increased interest in the role of topological properties in thermoelectrics. Topological insulators and semimetals/metals with exotic electronic band structures and quantum surface states offer new opportunities to enhance thermoelectric properties. This review article presents the advantageous combination of topological properties in thermoelectric materials, with examples of novel topological materials and their applications for high thermoelectric performance. It also explores the working mechanism and challenges for further development, providing valuable insights for the search of outstanding thermoelectric materials.
MATERIALS TODAY CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Richard A. Ward, Stephen Fawell, Nicolas Floc'h, Vikki Flemington, Darren McKerrecher, Paul D. Smith
Summary: Recent years have seen significant progress in targeted cancer therapies, but drug resistance remains a common challenge. Researchers are exploring new approaches to overcome resistance, such as increasing drug selectivity and potency, using alternative chemical structures, changing mechanisms of action, and targeting allosteric pockets.
Review
Immunology
Carlos Avila-Nieto, Nuria Pedreno-Lopez, Oriol Mitja, Bonaventura Clotet, Julia Blanco, Jorge Carrillo
Summary: Syphilis is a sexually or vertically transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum subspecie pallidum (TPA) infection. Despite being an obligate human pathogen with a well-known infection route and effective treatment options, the incidence of syphilis has been increasing. Developing a syphilis vaccine is crucial in countries where current preventive measures are limited. Although previous vaccine prototypes in preclinical studies did not provide full protection against infection, they showed promising results in preventing bacteria dissemination and attenuating lesion development. It is important to integrate knowledge about TPA immune response and outer membrane protein (OMP) characterization to expedite vaccine development.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Battsetseg Batchuluun, Stephen L. Pinkosky, Gregory R. Steinberg
Summary: Fatty acids play essential roles in cellular survival and function as bioenergetic substrates, structural components, and signaling molecules. Cells have evolved de novo lipogenesis (DNL) to generate fatty acids from alternative carbon sources. However, abnormal upregulation of DNL is associated with various pathologies. Inhibiting core enzymes of DNL represents a potential therapeutic strategy, and several synthetic DNL inhibitors are currently in development. Aberrant upregulation of DNL is implicated in conditions such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and cancers.
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY
(2022)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Sivasamy Sethupathy, Garbriel Murillo Morales, Lu Gao, Hongliang Wang, Bin Yang, Jianxiong Jiang, Jianzhong Sun, Daochen Zhu
Summary: As an abundant aromatic biopolymer, lignin holds great potential for producing various chemicals and biofuels through biorefinery activities, contributing to a sustainable circular economy. However, lignin valorization faces challenges such as its heterogeneous nature, intrinsic recalcitrance, strong smell, dark color, difficulties in lignocellulosic fractionation, and high bond dissociation enthalpies in its functional groups. Despite these constraints, recent research and development have shown promising applications of lignin-based hydrogels, surfactants, 3D printing materials, electrodes, and fine chemicals production. This review summarizes the main limitations and possible solutions for industrial lignin valorization, and provides future perspectives based on its abundance and potential applications reported in scientific literature.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ciyuan Peng, Feng Xia, Mehdi Naseriparsa, Francesco Osborne
Summary: With the explosive growth of AI and big data, the organization and representation of knowledge becomes crucial. Knowledge graphs, as graph data, effectively accumulate and convey knowledge of the real world, gaining rapid attention in academia and industry. This paper presents a systematic overview focusing on the opportunities and challenges of knowledge graphs. It reviews the opportunities in terms of AI systems and potential application fields, and thoroughly discusses technical challenges such as embeddings, acquisition, completion, fusion, and reasoning. The survey aims to provide insights for future research and development of knowledge graphs.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE REVIEW
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Maneesha S. Mohan, Tom F. O'Callaghan, Phil Kelly, Sean A. Hogan
Summary: Milk fat is a high-value milk component processed into various products such as butter and cheese. Emerging technologies like ultrasound and high pressure processing can improve its nutritional and functional attributes. Recent developments in biological intervention, such as manipulating milk fatty acid profiles through feed, offer significant promise.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jaclyn L. Cann, Anthony De Luca, David C. Dunand, David Dye, Daniel B. Miracle, Hyun Seok Oh, Elsa A. Olivetti, Tresa M. Pollock, Warren J. Poole, Rui Yang, C. Cem Tasan
Summary: Exciting metallurgical breakthroughs in recent decades have ushered in a new era in metals design, with the urgent need for new metallic materials to address current engineering challenges. While the environmental impact of the metallurgical industry is significant, the design of new metallic materials with improved properties can help tackle key environmental challenges.
PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)