Review
Cell Biology
Xin Feng, Xiao-Qing Li
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis found that the prevalence of SIBO in diabetic patients was 29%, and the risk of SIBO in diabetic patients was 2.91 times higher than that in patients without diabetes. The prevalence of SIBO in diabetes was higher in studies using jejunal aspirate culture for diagnosis and in studies conducted in Western countries.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Yorinobu Maeda, Teruo Murakami
Summary: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is characterized by an increase in the number and/or alteration in the type of bacteria in the upper gastrointestinal tract, causing various bowel symptoms. SIBO can be diagnosed using microbial culture or breath tests after carbohydrate ingestion. However, these methods have limitations and risks. Urinary excretion tests using bile acid conjugates have shown potential as diagnostic substrates for SIBO. PABA-UDCA disulfate offers a simple and rapid method for evaluating SIBO. Treatments for SIBO include antibiotics, probiotics, therapeutic diets, herbal medicines, and fecal microbiota transplantation.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Piero Vernia, Monica Cesarini, Aurora de Carolis, Filippo Vernia
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of early hydrogen peaks during lactose breath tests and the proportion of patients affected by SIBO. The results showed that early hydrogen peaks are rarely associated with SIBO, and the finding does not help identifying high-risk patients for this condition.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
David J. Cangemi, Brian E. Lacy, Journey Wise
Summary: This study found poor agreement between lactulose breath test (LBT) and duodenal aspiration (DA) in the evaluation of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). LBT may be more favorable than DA due to being safer, cheaper, and less likely to yield a contaminated result. Patients with diabetes mellitus or proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use were more likely to have a positive result in DA, while those with a history of small bowel resection were more likely to have a positive result in LBT.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Georgios Tziatzios, Paraskevas Gkolfakis, Ioannis S. Papanikolaou, Ruchi Mathur, Mark Pimentel, Georgia Damoraki, Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, George Dimitriadis, Konstantinos Triantafyllou
Summary: The prevalence of SIBO in Greek FD patients was similar to that of IBS subjects and higher compared to controls. The presence of SIBO was different among different subtypes of FD.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anna Gudan, Dominika Jamiol-Milc, Victoria Hawrylkowicz, Karolina Skonieczna-Zydecka, Ewa Stachowska
Summary: Bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine (SIBO) is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This systematic review and meta-analysis found that the prevalence of SIBO in patients with chronic non-alcoholic liver diseases can be as high as 35%, and it increases with the percentage of men in the population. However, further research is needed due to the moderate to low quality of included studies and high heterogeneity.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Daniel Bushyhead, Eamonn M. M. Quigley
Summary: The concept of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) explains the cause of maldigestion and malabsorption. With the development of diagnostic testing, the methods for diagnosing SIBO have evolved from small bowel culture to breath tests and culture-independent microbial analytics. The availability of breath tests has led to an expansion in the diagnosis of SIBO and the associated clinical symptoms. However, issues with the specificity of breath tests have raised doubts about the role of SIBO in certain clinical scenarios. The hope is to use modern molecular microbiology to study the human small intestinal microbiome in order to provide an objective basis for diagnosing SIBO.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adela Danau, Laura Dumitrescu, Antonia Lefter, Delia Tulba, Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
Summary: There is a close connection between the gut microbiota and the brain via the gut-brain axis, with Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) potentially playing a role in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). SIBO can be eradicated with antibiotics, but may reappear if predisposing factors persist, highlighting its potential impact on the development of PD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ayesha Shah, Parag Thite, Teressa Hansen, Bradley J. Kendall, David S. Sanders, Mark Morrison, Michael P. Jones, Gerald Holtmann
Summary: This study found a link between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and celiac disease (CeD) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The prevalence of SIBO is higher in CeD patients, and antibiotic therapy for SIBO positive CeD patients leads to improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Rheumatology
Xin Feng, Xiao-Qing Li, Zheng Jiang
Summary: The prevalence of SIBO is high in SSc patients, and diarrhea may be a predictor. Antibiotic therapy is effective in treating SIBO in SSc patients.
CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Saravana Ruban Gurusamy, Ayesha Shah, Nicholas J. Talley, Natasha Koloski, Michael P. Jones, Marjorie M. Walker, Mark Morrison, Gerald Holtmann
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis found a significant association between functional dyspepsia (FD) and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), with SIBO prevalence higher in FD patients compared to controls. The quality of evidence was low due to heterogeneity in breath test types and clinical factors. Further well-designed studies are needed to confirm the link between SIBO and FD.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cezary Chojnacki, Paulina Konrad, Aleksandra Blonska, Marta Medrek-Socha, Karolina Przybylowska-Sygut, Jan Chojnacki, Tomasz Poplawski
Summary: This study aims to evaluate selected metabolites of the tryptophan kynurenine pathway in depressive patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). The study found that patients with SIBO had higher levels of kynurenine and quinolinic acid, and these levels were associated with abdominal symptoms and mental disorders.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna Mollar, Vannina G. Marrachelli, Eduardo Nunez, Daniel Monleon, Vicent Bodi, Juan Sanchis, David Navarro, Julio Nunez
Summary: In patients with heart failure, the intestinal bacterial metabolites TMAO and Butyrate are independently associated with the exhaled concentrations of hydrogen after a breath test, with a positive association for TMAO and a negative one for Butyrate.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Claudineia Souza, Raquel Rocha, Helma Pinchemel Cotrim
Summary: The intestinal microbiota plays a significant role in health and disease processes. Changes in the microbiota can lead to small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), resulting in gastrointestinal symptoms. The gold-standard treatment for SIBO is antibiotics, although the use of diets for treatment lacks sufficient scientific evidence.
WORLD JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CASES
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Ayesha Shah, Nicholas J. Talley, Gerald Holtmann
Summary: The development and application of next generation sequencing technologies in clinical gastroenterology research has provided evidence of the relevance of microbial dysbiosis in gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is characterized by abnormal bacterial loads and may be the cause or consequence of functional gastrointestinal disorders. The diagnostic tests for SIBO are controversial, and new diagnostic approaches based on molecular techniques are being explored.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kevin Whelan, Nicola Jones
Summary: This study investigated the availability, cost, ingredients, nutritional content, and on-pack claims of commercially-produced fermented foods in the UK. The research found that there were differences in the number of products, cost, and nutritional content among different categories of fermented foods. Commercially-produced fermented foods are diverse in their cost, nutritional content, ingredients, and use of on-pack claims.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Heidi M. Staudacher, Megan Rossi, Thomas Kaminski, Eirini Dimidi, Frances S. E. Ralph, Bridgette Wilson, Lee D. Martin, Petra Louis, Miranda C. E. Lomer, Peter M. Irving, Kevin Whelan
Summary: The study found that a long-term personalized low FODMAP diet can improve symptoms in IBS patients, with no significant impact on Bifidobacteria, but lower concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sara Mancell, Maeisha Islam, Anil Dhawan, Kevin Whelan
Summary: The study found that infants with cholestasis are at risk of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency, particularly in vitamin D and E. The implementation of vitamin supplementation is not standardized, with better performance in vitamin assessment, deficiency, and supplementation observed in infants with biliary atresia.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Eirini Dimidi, Bonita Kabir, Jaspreet Singh, Aikaterini Ageridou, Charlotte Foster, Paul Ciclitira, Patrick Dubois, Kevin Whelan
Summary: This study found that women and those with good emotional well-being are less likely to adhere to a gluten-free diet, while those who participate in support groups, have strong beliefs about the chronic nature of celiac disease, and do not attribute celiac disease to accident/chance are more likely to adhere to a gluten-free diet. Difficulties eating with family/friends and weaker beliefs about immunity causing celiac disease are associated with lower adherence to a gluten-free diet.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anna Jones, Kay Rodgers, Debbie Jeffrey, Waqas Ali, H. J. N. Andreyev
Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibition is a common treatment for advanced cancers, but its side effects may hinder its effectiveness. Current management recommendations mainly focus on oncology rather than gastroenterology. This report highlights a case of pancreatic insufficiency in a patient receiving PD-1 inhibitor therapy. This problem affects approximately 1 in 100 patients but often goes unrecognized. Gastroenterologists should be aware of the range of gastrointestinal disorders that may occur after immunotherapy for cancer.
FRONTLINE GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
H. Jervoise N. Andreyev, Jennifer Matthews, Carolyn Adams, Lone Gothard, Claire Lucy, Holly Tovey, Sue Boyle, Selvakumar Anbalagan, Annette Musallam, John Yarnold, David Abraham, Judith Bliss, Bahja Ahmed Abdi, Alexandra Taylor, Martin Hauer-Jensen
Summary: This study aimed to test the efficacy of Tocovid SupraBio and pentoxifylline in improving gastrointestinal symptoms after radiotherapy. However, no clinical benefit was demonstrated. Biochemical data suggest that this intervention has anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Philip H. Pucher, Annie Coombes, Orla Evans, Joanna Taylor, Jonathan L. Moore, Annabelle White, Jesper Lagergren, Cara Baker, Mark Kelly, James A. Gossage, Jason Dunn, Sebastian Zeki, Ben E. Byrne, Jervoise Andreyev, Andrew R. Davies
Summary: This study surveyed patients who underwent oesophago-gastric surgery to understand their preferences and satisfaction regarding post-operative follow-up. The results showed that longer follow-up and involvement of dietitians improved patient satisfaction.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dennis Poon, Graham R. Law, Giles Major, H. Jervoise N. Andreyev
Summary: Treatable gastrointestinal disorders may be overlooked in patients with symptoms typical for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Prevalence rates of various gastrointestinal conditions were assessed in consecutive patients meeting diagnostic criteria for IBS, including bile acid diarrhea, carbohydrate malabsorption, microscopic colitis, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. The rates of these conditions were significantly higher than in healthy controls, suggesting that a significant proportion of patients with IBS may have an underlying organic condition explaining their symptoms.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Darren C. R. Fernandes, Sangeetha Srinivasan, Hubert Jervoise N. Andreyev
Summary: Our case highlights the importance of appropriate radiological imaging and alerts clinicians to consider osteomyelitis as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with severe anorectal pain after treatment for rectal cancer.
OXFORD MEDICAL CASE REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Darren Fernandes, Jervoise Andreyev
Summary: The human gut microbiome plays a crucial role in regulating host physiology, with the microbiota and the gut working together in a stable state. Various factors, including disease states and treatments, can affect the overall stability of the intestinal flora. This review compares the well-characterized abnormalities in the microbiome in idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease and radiation enteropathy, and discusses how these changes may function at a molecular level and the potential role of manipulating the microbiome to reduce the severity of the underlying condition.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Selina R. Cox, Wladyslawa Czuber-Dochan, Catherine L. Wall, Hazel Clarke, Candice Drysdale, Miranda C. Lomer, James O. Lindsay, Kevin Whelan
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and acceptability of a web resource in enhancing food-related quality of life in newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease patients. The results showed that FR-QoL increased more in the web resource group, and IBD distress reduced, while the control group showed opposite results.
Letter
Oncology
Miguel R. Ferreira, Jervoise N. Andreyev, Linda Wedlake, David P. Dearnaley
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alice C. C. Creedon, Estella S. S. Hung, Eirini Dimidi, Terri Grassby, Sarah E. E. Berry, Kevin Whelan
Summary: Almonds contain unsaturated lipids, which are beneficial for human health. The unique properties of almonds affect their particle size distribution after chewing, making it difficult for the body to fully digest the almond lipids. Commercial grinding of almonds into flour changes the particle size distribution and slightly increases the predicted bioaccessibility of lipids.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Eirini Dimidi, Katerina Belogianni, Kevin Whelan, Miranda C. E. Lomer
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a low FODMAP diet app. The results showed that using the app during FODMAP restriction can significantly reduce gut symptoms and help users detect dietary triggers for long-term self-management.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alok Mathew, Darren Fernandes, H. Jervoise N. Andreyev
Summary: This retrospective study reports that pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) may lead to improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with faecal elastase-1 (FE-1) levels between 200 and 500 mu g/g. A clinical response was seen in 71% of the patients, particularly in those with potentially predisposing conditions and functional diarrhoea.
FRONTLINE GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
