Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Areej Mazhar, Mark W. Russo
Summary: This systematic review analyzed 40 studies on prognostic tests for PSC, comprising a total of 16,094 subjects. Non-invasive tests were associated with transplant-free survival and reduced risk of hepatobiliary cancers, but the consistency of cut-off values for alkaline phosphatase varied among studies. The Mayo Risk Score (MRS) is the most studied prognostic model, although the UK-PSC score and PREsTo showed better test performance. Further studies are needed to compare these models.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Thomas Horvatits, Jan-Erik Wissmann, Reimar Johne, Martin H. Groschup, Ashish K. Gadicherla, Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch, Martin Eiden, Daniel Todt, Rudolph Reimer, Lisa Daehnert, Anja Schoebel, Karoline Horvatits, Rabea Luebke, Christine Wolschke, Francis Ayuk, Meike Rybczynski, Ansgar W. Lohse, Marylyn M. Addo, Eva Herker, Marc Luetgehetmann, Eike Steinmann, Sven Pischke
Summary: The study found HEV-RNA in the seminal plasma and semen of chronically infected patients, with viral loads >2 logs higher than in the serum, indicating the male reproductive system as a niche of HEV persistence in chronic infection. Additionally, HEV particles in the ejaculate did not morphologically differ from serum-derived particles, suggesting a potential route for HEV transmission.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Wei Xu, Qiankun Hu, Chong Chen, Weixia Li, Qiang Li, Liang Chen
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of non-invasive tests (NITs) in assessing liver fibrosis regression (LFR) during anti-HBV treatment. The results showed that a decrease in liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by 25% is predictive of LFR. LSM might be used to monitor the regression of liver fibrosis during antiviral treatment in patients with CHB.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Mai Abd El-Meguid, Reham M. Dawood, Marwa K. Ibrahim, Ghada M. Salum, Mohamed Darwish Ahmed Abd Alla, Mostafa K. El Awady
Summary: The reactivation of CMV in HCV patients affects the expression of certain cytokines and blocks the upregulation of important proinflammatory cytokines in fibrosis, but it does not significantly influence the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Andre Goemer, Mara Kloehn, Michelle Jagst, Maximilian K. Nocke, Sven Pischke, Thomas Horvatits, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Tobias Mueller, Svenja Hardtke, Markus Cornberg, Heiner Wedemeyer, Patrick Behrendt, Eike Steinmann, Daniel Todt
Summary: Chronic HEV infections are a significant issue in immunocompromised patients due to the absence of specifically approved antiviral drugs. A 24-week trial evaluated the efficacy of the nucleotide analog sofosbuvir in treating chronically HEV-infected patients, revealing the emergence of variants with lower sensitivity to the drug.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dimitrios S. Karagiannakis, Theodoros Voulgaris, George Markakis, Dimitra Lakiotaki, Elisavet Michailidou, Evangelos Cholongitas, George Papatheodoridis
Summary: This study found that spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) by 2D shear-wave elastography could better predict the probability of liver decompensation and mortality compared to liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and other parameters. SSM showed better diagnostic accuracy for the prediction of 1-year decompensation or death.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Angelo Armandi, Chiara Rosso, Ramy Younes, Diana Julie Leeming, Morten A. Karsdal, Gian Paolo Caviglia, Nuria Perez-Diaz-del-Campo, Daphne D'Amato, Amina Abdulle, Aurora Nicolosi, Gabriele Castelnuovo, Giorgio Maria Saracco, Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone, Elisabetta Bugianesi
Summary: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of PRO-C3, the derivative ADAPT score, and other non-invasive tests (NITs) for advanced fibrosis in NAFLD, as well as changes over a 12-month follow-up. The results showed that serum PRO-C3 levels and ADAPT score significantly increased during the follow-up period, indicating their potential use in monitoring liver disease progression and treatment responses.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kenneth W. W. Lin, Rajneesh Kumar, Feng Shen, Henry L. -Y. Chan, Grace L. -H. Wong, Rahul Kumar, Wan Cheng Chow, Su Lin, Vincent W. -S. Wong, Jian-Gao Fan, George B. -B. Goh
Summary: The prevalence of concomitant chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and hepatic steatosis (HS) is increasing in Asia. Non-invasive tests (NITs) have good accuracy in predicting fibrosis degree in patients with concomitant CHB and HS.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chen-Hua Liu, Yu-Jen Fang, Chun-Jen Liu, Tung-Hung Su, Shang-Chin Huang, Tai-Chung Tseng, Jo-Hsuan Wu, Pei-Jer Chen, Jia-Horng Kao
Summary: Retrospective study showed that the splenic arterial pulsatility index (SAPI) was closely associated with the severity of hepatic fibrosis in hemodialysis patients with chronic HCV infection. The diagnostic accuracy of SAPI was comparable to the fibrosis index based on four parameters (FIB-4) and superior to the aspartate transaminase (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI). The positive predictive value (PPV) for >= F1 was 79.5%, and the negative predictive values (NPVs) for >= F2, >= F3, and F4 were 79.8%, 92.6%, and 96.9%, respectively, when the maximal Youden indices were used.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Daniel Segna, Yuly P. Mendoza, Naomi F. Lange, Susana G. Rodrigues, Annalisa Berzigotti
Summary: Non-invasive tests (NITs) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) have been used for over 20 years in clinical practice to diagnose liver fibrosis in patients with compensated chronic liver disease. They have evolved to become important tools in stratifying the risk of portal hypertension and liver-related events. The Baveno VII consensus workshop provided novel recommendations on the use of well-established and novel NITs in the screening, diagnosis, and follow-up of portal hypertension.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Anais Corma-Gomez, Juan Macias, Luis Morano, Antonio Rivero, Francisco Tellez, Maria Jose Rios, Marta Santos, Miriam Serrano, Rosario Palacios, Dolores Merino, Luis Miguel Real, Ignacio De Los Santos, Francisco J. Vera-Mendez, Maria Jose Galindo, Juan A. Pineda
Summary: The study suggests that LS-based strategies accurately identify HCV-infected patients with low risk of developing esophageal variceal bleeding (VB) after sustained virological response (SVR). These patients can safely avoid unnecessary upper esophagogastroduodenoscopy (UGE) screening while ensuring no missed VB episodes.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Mariantonietta Di Stefano, Giuseppina Faleo, Thomas Leitner, Wei Zheng, Yang Zhang, Amna Hassan, Marwan J. Alwazzeh, Jose R. Fiore, Mona Ismail, Teresa A. Santantonio
Summary: The study aimed to characterize the genotype and subgenotypes of HBV circulating in Saudi Arabia, the presence of clinically relevant mutations possibly associated with resistance to antivirals or immune escape phenomena, and the possible impact of mutations in the structural characteristics of HBV polymerase. Plasma samples from 12 Saudi Arabian HBV-infected patients were analyzed using an in-house PCR method and direct sequencing. Saudi patients were infected with mainly subgenotype D1 and showed multiple mutations in the RT and S genes, which may have implications for the natural and therapeutic history of HBV infection.
Review
Virology
William S. Mason, Allison R. Jilbert, Samuel Litwin
Summary: Chronic infection of HBV can lead to immune-mediated inflammation in the liver, causing fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Integration of HBV DNA into host DNA may contribute to DNA damage and hepatocarcinogenesis.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Sae-Jin Park, Jeong Hee Yoon, Dong Ho Lee, Woo Hyeon Lim, Jeong Min Lee
Summary: The study indicates that tumor stiffness measured by MRE is associated with survival in patients with single nodular hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection. Tumor stiffness, tumor size, and pathological features are significant factors related to overall survival and recurrence-free survival for patients.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Daniel Stone, Kelly R. Long, Michelle A. Loprieno, Harshana S. De Silva Feelixge, Elizabeth J. Kenkel, R. Matt Liley, Stephen Rapp, Pavitra Roychoudhury, Thuy Nguyen, Laurence Stensland, Rossana Colon-Thillet, Lindsay M. Klouser, Nicholas D. Weber, Connie Le, Jessica Wagoner, Erin A. Goecker, Alvason Zhenhua Li, Karsten Eichholz, Lawrence Corey, D. Lorne Tyrrell, Alexander L. Greninger, Meei-Li Huang, Stephen J. Polyak, Martine Aubert, John E. Sagartz, Keith R. Jerome
Summary: The study utilized AAV and CRISPR-SaCas9 for gene editing therapy in liver-humanized FRG mice chronically infected with HBV, showing improved treatment efficacy by enhancing gene editing levels, which significantly impacted HBV infection.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT
(2021)