Article
Immunology
Malin Inghammar, Henrik Svanstrom, Marianne Voldstedlund, Mads Melbye, Anders Hviid, Kare Molbak, Bjorn Pasternak
Summary: In a nationwide study among adults in Denmark, it was found that the use of PPIs is associated with a moderately increased risk of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection. The elevated risk remained up to 1 year after the end of PPI treatment.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Ryan M. Hanson, Amy J. Wagner
Summary: Severe, complicated Clostridium difficile colitis is rare in pediatric patients and little is known about its medical and surgical management in this population. A case report of a 15-year-old female patient with severe, complicated C difficile colitis successfully treated with diverting loop ileostomy and colonic lavage is presented. This approach, instead of subtotal colectomy and end ileostomy, should be considered as an alternative for pediatric patients with severe, complicated C difficile colitis.
Article
Microbiology
Nathaniel J. Rhodes, Caroline C. Jozefczyk, W. Justin Moore, Paul R. Yarnold, Karolina Harkabuz, Robert Maxwell, Sarah H. Sutton, Christina Silkaitis, Chao Qi, Richard G. Wunderink, Teresa R. Zembower
Summary: This study developed and tested clinical decision rules for identifying Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) risk in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Findings showed that antibiotic use increased the risk of CDI in this patient population, highlighting the importance of antibiotic stewardship.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Sanskriti Varma, William G. Greendyke, Jianhua Li, Daniel E. Freedberg
Summary: The use of multiple immunosuppressant classes is associated with a significantly increased risk of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (CA-CDI) among hospitalized patients. Calcineurin inhibitors in particular are modestly associated with an increased risk of CA-CDI.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yichun Fu, Yuying Luo, Ari M. Grinspan
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection is a major issue in healthcare settings, with a rising incidence of community-associated infections. Patients with community-associated C. difficile tend to be younger with lower mortality rates. Although rates of recurrent C. difficile infection have decreased in the United States, further research and public health efforts are needed to address the changing epidemiology of this disease.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Saaya Ichiyama, Shunsuke Soma, Katsunori Ito
Summary: Clostridium difficile (CD) causes enteritis when intestinal microbiota balance is disrupted by broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. In recent years, there has been an increase in community-acquired CD enteritis in the United States. This report presents a case of a 57-year-old man with CD enteritis who required ICU treatment.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Jimmy Zhang, Ling Chen, Angela Gomez-Simmonds, Michael T. T. Yin, Daniel E. Freedberg
Summary: This retrospective cohort study explored the association between antibiotic exposure and community-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (CA-CDI). The study found that the relative risks associated with different antibiotics may vary over time, and the absolute risks have not been clearly established. Clindamycin, cefdinir, cefuroxime, and fluoroquinolones had the highest risks for CA-CDI compared to doxycycline. Nitrofurantoin was also associated with CA-CDI in older patients with elevated baseline risk. These findings can guide antibiotic selection and future stewardship efforts.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ibrahim A. Al-Zahrani
Summary: Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection is a global threat to many healthcare settings. Excessive use of antimicrobials, lack of optimal antibiotic policies, and suboptimal infection control practices have fueled the development of this health issue. Prudent use of antimicrobials and simple infection control measures can significantly reduce infection rates.
SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Catia Cilloniz, Juan Manuel Pericas, Walter H. Curioso
Summary: This article reviews the factors related to CAP-associated outcomes, including host, microorganism, therapeutic approach, and health system organization. The aim is to discuss controversial points and provide recommendations for further research and patient management to improve CAP outcomes, beyond mortality.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea Piccioni, Federico Rosa, Federica Manca, Giulia Pignataro, Christian Zanza, Gabriele Savioli, Marcello Covino, Veronica Ojetti, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesco Franceschi, Marcello Candelli
Summary: The composition of the human microbiome plays a crucial role in health, and alterations in the microbiota can lead to Clostridium difficile infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
William T. Ferreira, Huynh A. Hong, James R. G. Adams, Mateusz Hess, Natalia K. Kotowicz, Sisareuth Tan, Enrico Ferrari, Alain Brisson, Jurgen Zentek, Mikhail Soloviev, Simon M. Cutting
Summary: Clostridioides difficile is a spore-forming bacterium that causes disease after disruption of the intestinal microbiota. This study demonstrates the role of Bacillus in colonization resistance to C. difficile. Animals with reduced environmental exposure are more susceptible to CDI due to a loss of Bacillus. Heterogeneous lipopeptide lytic micelles (HELMs) produced by Bacillus in the small intestine enhance inhibitory activity against C. difficile.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Meng Wang, Zifeng Deng, Yanmei Li, Yi Ma, Jufang Wang
Summary: A novel lytic protein Cw1-CWB2 with high binding specificity and strong lytic activity has been designed in this study for combating C. difficile.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Alexis Hess, Saskya Byerly, Emily Lenart, Cory Evans, Andrew Kerwin, Dina Filiberto
Summary: This study aimed to identify predictors of Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI) in general surgery patients. Patients who underwent general surgery operations were analyzed, and it was found that older age, emergent operation, increased time to operation, infections at surgical sites, deep organ space infections, steroid use, metastatic cancer, smoking, and decreased body mass index (BMI) were independent predictors of CDI.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ashleigh S. Paparella, Briana L. Aboulache, Rajesh K. Harijan, Kathryn S. Potts, Peter C. Tyler, Vern L. Schramm
Summary: Clostridium difficile produces toxins TcdA and TcdB causing diarrhea by affecting host cell functions using UDP-glucose, leading to disease onset. Researchers identified potential therapeutic approach using transition state analogue iminosugars.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Rehabilitation
Justin Weppner, Joelle Gabet, Mark Linsenmeyer, Mohamed Yassin, Gary Galang
Summary: The study found the presence of C difficile spores in an acute rehabilitation environment and showed that proper disinfection methods can effectively reduce the risk of infection. It is important to sporicidally disinfect surfaces such as beds and wheelchairs to decrease the rates of C difficile infection.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION
(2021)