Review
Neurosciences
Silvano Gallus, Alessandra Lugo, Elisa Borroni, Teo Vignoli, Lisa Lungaro, Giacomo Caio, Roberto De Giorgio, Giorgio Zoli, Fabio Caputo
Summary: This systematic review summarizes literature on major symptoms of protracted alcohol withdrawal in patients with alcohol use disorder. The pharmacological approach to manage protracted alcohol withdrawal ensures a more rapid reduction of symptoms (craving in particular), achieving in three weeks similar results obtained only after almost 6 months without treatment.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Psychiatry
Hayrunnisa Unlu, Marie Michele Macaron, Hande Ayraler Taner, Duygu Kaba, Burcu Akin Sari, Terry D. Schneekloth, Lorenzo Leggio, Osama A. Abulseoud
Summary: A review of clinical studies on alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) comparing men and women found that men were more likely than women to develop complicated AWS, such as delirium tremens (DT) and AW seizures. Men also received benzodiazepine treatment at a higher frequency and dose, and had a higher mortality rate compared to women. Further large-scale studies focusing on investigating sex differences in AWS are needed.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Giulio Sansone, Pierre Megevand, Serge Vulliemoz, Maurizio Corbetta, Fabienne Picard, Margitta Seeck
Summary: 11% of patients experience delayed relapse of alcohol withdrawal seizures, which are associated with specific risk factors, indicating the importance of long-term diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for these patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Jorgen G. Bramness, Ina H. H. Heiberg, Anne Hoye, Ingeborg Rossow
Summary: This study compared all-cause and cause-specific mortality and alcohol-related morbidity between patients with delirium tremens (DT), alcohol withdrawal state (AWS), and alcohol dependence (AD). The results showed that DT patients had higher annual mortality rate and an elevated risk of death from non-natural causes compared to AD and AWS patients. DT patients also had a higher proportion of comorbidities.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lin Han, Hedong Han, Hu Liu, Chenfeng Wang, Xin Wei, Jia He, Xuhua Lu
Summary: The study aimed to explore the relationship of alcohol abuse (AA) and alcohol withdrawal (AW) with perioperative outcomes following elective spine fusion surgery. The findings suggested that both AA and AW patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery are at higher risk of adverse outcomes.
Review
Emergency Medicine
Ali Pourmand, Rashed AlRemeithi, Susan Kartiko, David Bronstein, Quincy K. Tran
Summary: This meta-analysis compared the clinical outcomes of treating patients with AWS using phenobarbital and benzodiazepines. The results showed that there was no significant difference between phenobarbital and benzodiazepines in terms of intubation rates, length of hospital stay, and length of ICU stay.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Psychiatry
Charlotte E. Goldfine, Jeremiah J. Tom, Dana D. Im, Benjamin Yudkoff, Amit Anand, Joseph J. Taylor, Peter R. R. Chai, Joji Suzuki
Summary: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a common substance use disorder (SUD), and current treatment options have limited success. Recent studies have shown that intravenous ketamine infusions may be a safe adjunct treatment for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and can increase alcohol abstinence. The use of ketamine in AUD has been found to reduce cravings, alcohol consumption, and promote longer abstinence rates, while in AWS it helps in the resolution of delirium tremens and reduces the need for intensive care and intubation. However, further evidence is needed to recommend its broader clinical use.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Zhantao Deng, Jiewen Jin, Mengyuan Li, Shuai Wang, Yuanchen Ma, Qiujian Zheng
Summary: Alcohol withdrawal is associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality, medical and surgical complications in patients undergoing total knee or total hip arthroplasty procedures.
JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Takehiko Oami, Tetsuya Yumoto, Takashi Shimazui, Sofia Sarmiento, Nathan J. Klingensmith, Ching-Wen Chen, Shunsuke Otani, Zhe Liang, Eileen M. Burd, Zaid K. Mahdi, Mandy L. Ford, Craig M. Coopersmith
Summary: Alcohol use disorder is associated with increased mortality in septic patients, and its effects on gut integrity and barrier function are examined in this study. The study found that ethanol/sepsis leads to disproportionately increased intestinal permeability through various pathways. Changes in tight junctions and cytokine expression in the intestine were also observed in ethanol/septic mice, indicating an ethanol-specific worsening of gut barrier function.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Nasim Ahmed, YenHong Kuo
Summary: This study aims to develop and validate the risk factors of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in trauma victims. The results showed that age, gender, race, history of alcohol abuse, hypertension, and cirrhosis increased the risk of developing AWS. These findings are important for predicting and preventing AWS.
INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jiarong Tian, Mingzhu Yan, Alok Tripathi, Dunbao Sun
Summary: This study investigates the possible mechanism involved in the development of ethanol withdrawal syndrome (EWS) by administering a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 1b/1d receptor agonist, Zolmitriptan. The results reveal that Zolmitriptan can reverse the behavioral changes induced by EWS and reduce anxiety levels in EWS rats. Furthermore, Zolmitriptan stimulates the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and improves the levels of other neurochemicals in the brain of EWS rats.
FOLIA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David Marti-Aguado, Amir Gougol, Concepcion Gomez-Medina, Arsia Jamali, Abdelrhman Abo-Zed, Dalia Morales-Arraez, Alejandro Jimenez-Sosa, Keith Burns, Aditi Bawa, Anjara Hernandez, Claudia Pujol, Edilmar Alvarado-Tapias, Justyna Szafranska, Wai Kan Chiu, Ares Villagrasa, Meritxell Ventura-Cots, Haritha Gandicheruvu, Paloma Lluch, Hui -Wei Chen, Vikrant Rachakonda, Andres Duarte-Rojo, Ramon Bataller
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence, predictors, management, and clinical impact of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) who were hospitalized. The results showed that AWS is common in patients with AH and is associated with higher mortality, infection rates, and ICU admission rates. Prophylactic treatment can reduce the prevalence of AWS. Future studies are needed to determine diagnostic criteria and prophylactic regimens for AWS management in patients with AH.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Teresa T. T. Ho, Melissa Noble, Bao Anh Tran, Katlynd Sunjic, Sheeba Varghese Gupta, Jacques Turgeon, Rustin D. D. Crutchley
Summary: Diazepam is commonly used to manage severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome, but some patients experience refractory withdrawal syndromes or adverse reactions. The genetic variants in the CYP2C19 gene have an impact on the pharmacokinetics of diazepam and treatment outcomes for alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ijasul M. Haque, Akhilesh Mishra, Bhupinder Singh Kalra, Shalini Chawla
Summary: The study evaluated the protective effect of Ashwagandha and Brahmi on alcohol withdrawal in rats, showing that both herbs alone and in combination can reduce behavioral changes, anxiety, and seizures, as well as improve locomotor activity. Ashwagandha significantly reduced anxiety at the 2nd hour, while the combination group showed improvement in behavioral changes at both the 2nd and 6th hours.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Mengsha Yao, Susan E. Luczak, I. Gary Rosen
Summary: LQG control in Hilbert space, a novel approach for random abstract parabolic systems, and new transdermal alcohol biosensor technology are combined to develop tracking controllers that automate the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and intravenous alcohol infusion studies. This approach also enables the estimation of blood or breath alcohol concentration from transdermal alcohol level measurements. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated through simulation studies based on laboratory collected drinking data.
Letter
Immunology
Mayka Freire, Ariadna Andrade, Bernardo Sopena, Maria Lopez-Rodriguez, Pablo Varela, Purificacion Cacabelos, Helena Esteban, Arturo Gonzalez-Quintela
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Primary Health Care
Vanessa Alende-Castro, Manuela Alonso-Sampedro, Carmen Fernandez-Merino, Juan Sanchez-Castro, Bernardo Sopena, Francisco Gude, Arturo Gonzalez-Quintela
Summary: The study indicates that in a general adult population without overt inflammatory diseases, the discordant pattern of high ESR and normal CRP is associated with older age, while the pattern of high CRP and normal ESR is associated with higher BMI.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Juan-Manuel Fernandez-Somoza, Manuel Ginarte, Esteban Otero, Santiago Tome, Carlos Soutullo, Aaron Martinez-Ulloa, Arturo Gonzalez-Quintela
Summary: This study investigated the frequency of proximal apparent leukonychia (PAL) in patients attending a liver disease clinic, its association with liver cirrhosis and alcohol abuse, and its value for diagnosing cirrhosis. PAL was common in patients with liver cirrhosis and alcohol abuse, but was not a significant predictor of mortality. Additionally, specific capillaroscopic findings were not associated with PAL.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Iago Carballo, Manuela Alonso-Sampedro, Rosa-Maria Escribano, Carmen Fernandez-Merino, Bernardo Sopena, Carmen Vidal, Francisco Gude, Arturo Gonzalez-Quintela
Summary: This study found that serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations are influenced by sex and age, with women showing higher levels. Metabolic syndrome, lifestyle factors have minimal impact on IgM concentrations.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emilio-Manuel Paez-Guillan, Joaquin Campos-Franco, Rosario Alende, Yago Garitaonaindia, Arturo Gonzalez-Quintela
Summary: This study found that patients with infectious mononucleosis often exhibit mild, transient hypertriglyceridemia during the acute phase, which decreases during convalescence and is lower than the initial measurement in a majority of cases. It was also observed that older patients are more likely to have hypertriglyceridemia than younger patients, and there is a significant correlation between triglyceride levels and white blood cell counts, total cholesterol levels, and liver damage markers. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind these findings.
LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roisin O'Flaherty, Adam Simon, Manuela Alonso-Sampedro, Sonia Sanchez-Batan, Carmen Fernandez-Merino, Francisco Gude, Radka Saldova, Arturo Gonzalez-Quintela
Summary: The study evaluates the diagnostic capability of serum N-glycosylation to identify alcohol risk drinking compared to standard markers. Results show significant variations in serum N-glycome associated with risk drinking, with a unique combination of N-glycan peaks providing good discrimination between risk-drinkers and non-risk drinkers for both men and women. Including N-glycan peaks improves the diagnostic accuracy of standard markers, although sensitivity remains relatively low.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carla Diaz-Louzao, Lucia Barrera-Lopez, Maria Lopez-Rodriguez, Clara Casar, Nestor Vazquez-Agra, Hadrian Pernas-Pardavila, Ana Marques-Afonso, Martin Vidal-Vazquez, Jonathan G. Montoya, Ariadna H. Andrade, Ivan Fernandez-Castro, Pablo Varela, Arturo Gonzalez-Quintela, Esteban Otero, Francisco Gude, Carmen Cadarso-Suarez, Santiago Tome
Summary: This study investigated the mechanisms underlying liver disease in COVID-19 patients using statistical techniques. The results showed a correlation between liver damage markers and inflammation markers during COVID-19 infection, with this correlation changing over time. These findings highlight the importance of inflammation in liver damage during COVID-19.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Allergy
A. Porto-Soto, B. Sopena, M. Freire, M. Mosquera, M. Alonso-Sampedro, F. Gude, C. Vidal, A. Gonzalez-Quintela
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIONAL ALLERGOLOGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alejandra Marco, Marcos Pazos-Couselo, Jesus Moreno-Fernandez, Ana Diez-Fernandez, Manuela Alonso-Sampedro, Carmen Fernandez-Merino, Arturo Gonzalez-Quintela, Francisco Gude
Summary: This study investigated the prognostic value of time range metrics measured by continuous glucose monitoring for the development of type 2 diabetes. The results showed that time above range provides additional information to glycated hemoglobin in identifying individuals at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in a population-based study.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sofia Barbosa-Gouveia, Silvia Fernandez-Crespo, Hector Lazare-Iglesias, Arturo Gonzalez-Quintela, Nestor Vazquez-Agra, Alvaro Hermida-Ameijeiras
Summary: In this study, a case of a 59-year-old male patient with typical features of Tangier disease was described, and a likely pathogenic variant in the ABCA1 gene was identified through whole-exome sequencing. Bioinformatics and genomics analysis were used to predict the impact of the variant on the protein structure and function, highlighting the importance of integrating these approaches to understand the genotype-phenotype relationship and functional consequences of genetic variations.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alvaro Hermida-Ameijeiras, Nestor Vazquez-Agra, Anton Cruces-Sande, Estefania Mendez-Alvarez, Ramon Soto-Otero, Jose-Enrique Lopez-Paz, Antonio Pose-Reino, Arturo Gonzalez-Quintela
Summary: This study found that certain inflammatory and redox markers are associated with the risk of a non-dipper blood pressure profile in hypertensive patients. Additionally, nocturnal blood pressure dipping is correlated with specific protein and micronutrient levels. These findings suggest a potential link between inflammatory and redox processes and the development of non-dipper hypertension.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Emilio-Manuel Paez-Guillan, Joaquin Campos-Franco, Rosario Alende, Arturo Gonzalez-Quintela
Summary: This study aimed to investigate platelet count characteristics in adult patients with infectious mononucleosis. The study found that thrombocytopenia (platelet count <= 150 x109/L) was present in 29.7% of the 400 patients, with 8.0% showing platelet counts lower than 100 x109/L. Thrombocytopenia normalized quickly and only a small number of cases required specific therapy, with no significant hemorrhagic complications.
MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Emilio-Manuel Paez-Guillan, Joaquin Campos-Franco, Rosario Alende, Hector Lazare, Carmen Beceiro, Arturo Gonzalez-Quintela
Summary: This study aimed to investigate serum bilirubin concentrations in patients with infectious mononucleosis and immune abnormalities associated with jaundice. The results showed that 15.1% of patients had serum bilirubin concentrations between 1.5 and 3 mg/dL, and 12.0% had serum bilirubin > 3 mg/dL. Patients with increased bilirubin concentrations had a distinct clinical presentation and higher levels of immune activation markers.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)