Article
Neurosciences
Valerie A. Wagner, Guorui Deng, Kristin E. Claflin, McKenzie L. Ritter, Huxing Cui, Pablo Nakagawa, Curt D. Sigmund, Lisa L. Morselli, Justin L. Grobe, Anne E. Kwitek
Summary: Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we observed changes in gene expression patterns of AT(1)R subtypes in AgRP neurons of the arcuate nucleus during DOCA-salt treatment, which is associated with blood pressure and metabolism regulation. Additionally, activation of microglia in the brain was found. These findings provide important insights into the physiological and pathophysiological significance of different subtypes of neuronal and glial cells.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Katryna Pampuscenko, Ramune Morkuniene, Lukas Krasauskas, Vytautas Smirnovas, Taisuke Tomita, Vilmante Borutaite
Summary: Recent experimental models have shown a link between extracellular tau and neurodegeneration, but the exact mechanisms by which extracellular tau induces neuronal death remain unclear. This study found that extracellular phosphorylated tau(2N4R) is the most toxic form, causing neuronal loss at low nanomolar concentrations, and the neurotoxicity of tau(1N4R) depends on its aggregation state.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Natalia F. Mendes, Licio A. Velloso
Summary: Brain macrophages and microglia play important roles in immune surveillance of the central nervous system. They release key molecules to prevent further damage to the neuronal network upon inflammatory stimuli. Perivascular macrophages in the hypothalamic area are the first line of defense against pathogens and substances from the blood.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Kala N. Nwachukwu, Hassan E. Mohammed, DaQuan R. Mebane, Andrew W. Barber, H. Scott Swartzwelder, S. Alex Marshall
Summary: Heavy ethanol consumption during adolescence is associated with dysregulated neuroimmune responses and cognitive deficits in the developing adolescent brain. Various rodent models have shown proinflammatory neuroimmune responses in the adolescent brain, but there are factors that influence this observation. This review summarizes the recent findings on the effects of adolescent alcohol use on toll-like receptors, cytokines, chemokines, astrocyte and microglial activation, and discusses therapeutic interventions to mitigate neuroimmune maladaptations after ethanol exposure.
Article
Biology
Aoi Ichiyama, Samuel Mestern, Gabriel B. Benigno, Kaela E. Scott, Brian L. Allman, Lyle Muller, Wataru Inoue
Summary: This study reveals the mechanism underlying the activity state transition of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) neurons during stress response, using a combination of electrophysiology and computational modeling.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hae-Seul Choi, Kwang-Hyun Baek
Summary: Apoptosis is a structured cell death process involving cell morphology and biochemical changes, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates the protein levels. Targeting UPS enzymes and controlling proteasomal degradation of apoptotic proteins could be a unique approach for cancer treatment.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Andrew Folick, Suneil K. Koliwad, Martin Valdearcos
Summary: In mammals, myeloid cells help maintain the homeostasis of peripheral metabolic tissues and also serve as functional regulators within the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). Among them, microglia play important roles in brain physiology and pathology beyond their established roles as immune sentinels, influencing energy balance and potentially metabolic disease.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yi-Chun Liao, Yeou San Lim, Pei-Wen Chu, Shau-Kwaun Chen
Summary: Inflammation affects mitochondrial functions and neuronal activities in the hypothalamic POMC neurons. Short to midterm exposure to inflammatory environments stimulates metabolic switch and neuronal activation, while chronic exposure leads to elevated oxidative stress and compromised mitochondrial respiration.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mona Taghizadeh, Nader Maghsoudi, Homa Manaheji, Valery Akparov, Mansoureh Baniasadi, Mola Mohammadi, Samira Danyali, Rasoul Ghasemi, Jalal Zaringhalam
Summary: It was found that pain and spinal cell apoptosis significantly increased during the acute phase of CFA-induced inflammation, followed by a decrement in the chronic phase. Along with changes in spinal microglial activity, microglia dependent BDNF significantly increased during the acute phase of CFA-induced inflammation. The daily administration of Noopept decreased hyperalgesia and microglia dependent BDNF expression, as well as altered the apoptosis process in relation to microglial activity changes.
Article
Immunology
Sharmistha Banerjee, Taeyeop Park, Yoo Sun Kim, Hee-Yong Kim
Summary: This study aimed to determine the effects of single-dose acute ethanol exposure and GPR110 activation on neuroinflammation mechanisms. The results showed that single-dose ethanol exposure exacerbated LPS-induced inflammatory responses, while the GPR110 ligand synaptamide mitigated the effects of ethanol by counteracting the cAMP system and regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Justin N. Siemian, Miguel A. Arenivar, Sarah Sarsfield, Yeka Aponte
Summary: The study reveals the distinct roles of different hypothalamic neuronal populations in regulating internal hunger states and food intake behavior. The manipulation of specific neuronal circuits can evoke varied effects on feeding behaviors, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets for eating disorders.
Article
Immunology
Xueyan Wang, Chengwei Duan, Yu Li, Hongjian Lu, Kongwei Guo, Xin Ge, Tianpeng Chen, Yanxing Shang, Hongbin Liu, Dongmei Zhang
Summary: This study reveals the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) in overnutrition-induced microglial activation and hypothalamic inflammation.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Celine Cansell, Katharina Stobbe, Clara Sanchez, Ophelia Le Thuc, Coralie-Anne Mosser, Selma Ben-Fradj, Joris Leredde, Cynthia Lebeaupin, Delphine Debayle, Lucile Fleuriot, Frederic Brau, Nadege Devaux, Alexandre Benani, Etienne Audinat, Nicolas Blondeau, Jean-Louis Nahon, Carole Rovere
Summary: Obesity in humans is associated with brain inflammation, glial reactivity, and immune cell infiltration. Studies in rodents have shown that glial reactivity occurs shortly after consuming a high-fat diet, even before obesity develops, primarily in the hypothalamus. This postprandial inflammation in the brain may contribute to the development of obesity and requires further characterization.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yang Tae Kim, Byong Seo Park, Hye Rim Yang, Seon Yi, Il Seong Nam-Goong, Jae Geun Kim
Summary: This study identified the mechanisms underlying the development of metabolic abnormalities, such as anorexia and weight loss, during cisplatin treatment. The altered activity of hypothalamic neurons and inflammation linked to microglial activation were found to be involved in these side effects.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ekaterina Martianova, Renata Sadretdinova, Alicia Pageau, Nikola Pausic, Tommy Doucet Gentiletti, Danahe Leblanc, Arturo Marroquin Rivera, Benoit Labonte, Christophe D. Proulx
Summary: The outputs of lateral hypothalamic neurons play a critical role in sensory integration and organizing behavior responses. This study demonstrates the significant coherent activity of three major neuronal outputs projecting to downstream targets during sensory-evoked or self-initiated motor responses in mice.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dipak K. Sarkar
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Omkaram Gangisetty, Shaima Jabbar, Olivia Wynne, Dipak K. Sarkar
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Immunology
Pallavi Shrivastava, Miguel A. Cabrera, Lucy G. Chastain, Nadka I. Boyadjieva, Shaima Jabbar, Tina Franklin, Dipak K. Sarkar
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2017)
Article
Cell Biology
George Maglakelidze, Olivia Wynne, Dipak K. Sarkar
JOURNAL OF CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2017)
Article
Substance Abuse
Omkaram Gangisetty, Rajita Sinha, Dipak K. Sarkar
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2019)
Article
Substance Abuse
Dipak K. Sarkar, Omkaram Gangisetty, Jeffrey R. Wozniak, Judith K. Eckerle, Michael K. Georgieff, Tatiana M. Foroud, Leah Wetherill, Wladimir Wertelecki, Christina D. Chambers, Edward Riley, Natalya Zymak-Zakutnya, Lyubov Yevtushok
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2019)
Article
Oncology
Omkaram Gangisetty, Ajay Palagani, Dipak K. Sarkar
CLINICAL EPIGENETICS
(2020)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ali Al-Yasari, Shaima Jabbar, Miguel A. Cabrera, Benedicte Rousseau, Dipak K. Sarkar
Summary: The study found that preconception alcohol exposure in female rats led to changes in the stress gene network involving glucose metabolism in oocytes, resulting in offspring with significant hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia in adulthood. These offspring also exhibited increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and cellular apoptosis in the pancreas, as well as altered insulin production and actions in the liver, and a reduced number of proopiomelanocortin neurons in the hypothalamus. Replenishment of proopiomelanocortin neurons normalized glucose abnormalities, suggesting that preconception alcohol exposures can impact glucose homeostasis through inducing neuronal functional abnormalities.
Article
Oncology
Sengottuvelan Murugan, Benedicte Rousseau, Dipak K. Sarkar
Summary: The combination of beta blocker propranolol and opiate antagonist naltrexone has shown significant inhibitory effects on tumor growth and mass, while also improving survival rates. Testing in preclinical breast cancer models demonstrated potent antitumor effects, suggesting a potential new combinatorial treatment strategy for clinical use.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Omkaram Gangisetty, Shaista Chaudhary, Ajay Palagani, Dipak K. Sarkar
Summary: This study found that fetal alcohol exposure induces heritable changes in Pomc-related variants, leading to increased stress response and anxiety-like behavior in multiple generations of isogenic Fischer 344 rats. These effects were transmitted through the male germline and involve epigenetic modifications of the Pomc gene.
Review
Substance Abuse
Ujjal Das, Omkaram Gangisetty, Shaista Chaudhary, Prashant Tarale, Benedicte Rousseau, Julianne Price, Ian Frazier, Dipak K. Sarkar
Summary: Using publicly available gene expression datasets, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analytic elements to determine the role of epigenetic mechanisms in prenatal alcohol exposure-induced dysfunctions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in offspring. Our network analysis identified key pathways associated with alcohol-mediated epigenetic alterations and provided insights into the developmental effects of alcohol on the HPA axis.
ALCOHOL-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Shaista Chaudhary, Dipak K. Sarkar
Summary: It is currently unknown whether fetal alcohol exposure promotes the biochemical characteristics of Alzheimer's disease.
ALCOHOL-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Sayani Mukherjee, Prashant Tarale, Dipak K. Sarkar
Summary: This review explores the role of glial cell pathologies, particularly microglia, in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). It examines the impact of neuroimmune molecules, signaling pathways, and epigenetic mechanisms on brain function alterations related to FASD. The review also highlights the significance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in neuron-glia interactions during prenatal alcohol exposure. Potential applications involving nutritional, pharmacological, cell-based, and exosome-based therapies for FASD treatment are discussed.
Meeting Abstract
Substance Abuse
Dipak K. Sarkar, Shaima Jabbar, Lucy G. Chastain, Omkaram Gangisetty, Miguel A. Cabrera, Kamil Sochacki
Article
Substance Abuse
Lucy G. Chastain, Dipak K. Sarkar