Article
Microbiology
Michael J. Bale, Mary Grace Katusiime, Daria Wells, Xiaolin Wu, Jonathan Spindler, Elias K. Halvas, Joshua C. Cyktor, Ann Wiegand, Wei Shao, Mark F. Cotton, Stephen H. Hughes, John W. Mellors, John M. Coffin, Gert U. Van Zyl, Mary F. Kearney
Summary: Despite significant differences in T-cell composition and dynamics between children and adults, HIV-infected cell clones are established early in children, persist for up to 9 years on ART, and can be driven by proviral integration in proto-oncogenes. Selection for integration events in proto-oncogenes were observed in children despite early ART, indicating potential long-term consequences.
Article
Microbiology
Jeffrey Kuniholm, Elise Armstrong, Brandy Bernabe, Carolyn Coote, Anna Berenson, Samantha D. Patalano, Alex Olson, Xianbao He, Nina H. Lin, Juan I. Fuxman Bass, Andrew J. Henderson
Summary: HIV-1 establishes a persistent proviral reservoir by integrating into the genome of host cells, with over 90% of integrated HIV genomes found to be defective. Resting CD4+ T cells and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were observed to bias towards generating defective HIV-1 proviruses. The study also identified aberrant transcripts lacking 5' untranslated regions, indicating a mechanistic insight into how defective HIV-1 proviruses are persistently expressed.
Article
Immunology
Alexander T. H. Cocker, Fuguo Liu, Zakia Djaoud, Lisbeth A. A. Guethlein, Peter Parham
Summary: CD56neg NK cells are a distinct subset that expands during chronic viral infections, and HIV-1 infection significantly increases their population. They have a unique pattern of KIR expression and exhibit different gene expression and degranulation responses compared to other CD56neg cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tsukasa Nabekura, Elfira Amalia Deborah, Saeko Tahara, Yuya Arai, Paul E. Love, Koichiro Kako, Akiyoshi Fukamizu, Masafumi Muratani, Akira Shibuya
Summary: The protein scaffold Themis2 is identified as a critical regulator of memory NK cell differentiation and function. It suppresses NK cell effector function and promotes Zfp740-mediated repression to regulate the persistence of memory NK cells.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kamakshi Prudhula Devalraju, Venkata Sanjeev Kumar Neela, Siva Sai Krovvidi, Ramakrishna Vankayalapati, Vijaya Lakshmi Valluri
Summary: This study investigated the expansion and function of memory-like NK cells in response to Mtb antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in HIV-LTBI+ individuals and treatment naive HIV+LTBI+ patients. The results showed that HIV infection inhibited the expansion of memory-like NK cells and reduced the production of IL-32 alpha, IL-15, and IFN-gamma in response to Mtb antigens in LTBI+ individuals. The study highlights the effect of HIV and LTBI on modulation of NK cell activity and their role in interventions to prevent progression to TB in high-risk individuals.
Article
Biology
Ping An, Efe Sezgin, Gregory D. Kirk, Priya Duggal, Elizabeth Binns-Roemer, George Nelson, Sophie Limou, Mark L. Van Natta, Douglas A. Jabs, Michelle Estrella, Jeffrey B. Kopp, Cheryl A. Winkler
Summary: The study suggests that carriers of two variant alleles of the innate immune factor APOL1 may have protection from HIV-related opportunistic infections, especially fungal infections.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Elena Sugrue, Arthur Wickenhagen, Nardus Mollentze, Muhamad Afiq Aziz, Vattipally B. Sreenu, Sven Truxa, Lily Tong, Ana da Silva Filipe, David L. Robertson, Joseph Hughes, Suzannah J. Rihn, Sam J. Wilson
Summary: HIV-1 transmission through sexual exposure is inefficient, and newly infected individuals are colonized by a small number of transmitting viruses. These transmitting viruses are more resistant to interferon than chronic control viruses. The apparent interferon resistance of transmitting HIV-1 may be explained by enhanced replicative fitness rather than specific resistance to interferon-induced defenses. Further research is needed to determine the generalizability of this mechanism.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Bin Lang, Meiting Wang, Zining Zhang, Yajing Fu, Xiaoxu Han, Qinghai Hu, Haibo Ding, Hong Shang, Yongjun Jiang
Summary: This study found that during HIV infection, the inhibitory receptor CD47 suppresses NK cell production of IFN-γ by binding to plasma TSP1, activating the JAK/STAT3 pathway. CD47 and its related signaling pathways may be potential therapeutic targets for improving NK cell function in individuals living with HIV.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Vinicius A. Vieira, Nicholas Herbert, Gabriela Cromhout, Emily Adland, Philip Goulder
Summary: Only three well-characterised cases of functional cure have been described in paediatric HIV infection over the past decade. This underlines the fact that early initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), whilst minimising the size of the viral reservoir, is insufficient to achieve cure, unless other factors contribute. HIV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell responses play crucial roles in functional cure in paediatric infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aljawharah Alrubayyi, Emma Touizer, Dan Hameiri-Bowen, Bethany Charlton, Ester Gea-Mallorqui, Noshin Hussain, Kelly A. S. da Costa, Rosemarie Ford, Chloe Rees-Spear, Thomas A. Fox, Ian Williams, Laura Waters, Tristan J. Barber, Fiona Burns, Sabine Kinloch, Emma Morris, Sarah Rowland-Jones, Laura E. McCoy, Dimitra Peppa
Summary: This study reveals that both SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination can induce adaptive NK cell responses in people living with HIV. These adaptive NK cells show robust and durable responses to the Spike protein and are associated with the magnitude of cellular and humoral responses.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Romina Cabrera-Rodriguez, Silvia Perez-Yanes, Judith Estevez-Herrera, Daniel Marquez-Arce, Cecilia Cabrera, Lucile Espert, Julia Blanco, Agustin Valenzuela-Fernandez
Summary: Despite efforts made by the scientific and health communities, HIV/AIDS remains a global threat. Understanding the interplay between early events of HIV-1 infection and autophagy is crucial for controlling viral replication.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chunxiang Guo, Yaxin Wu, Yang Zhang, Xinchao Liu, Aixin Li, Meixia Gao, Tong Zhang, Hao Wu, Guanzhi Chen, Xiaojie Huang
Summary: The overall prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among ART-naive patients with primary HIV infection (PHI)/acute HIV infection (AHI)/early HIV infection (EHI) is at a moderate level, emphasizing the need for baseline drug resistance testing for public health surveillance and guiding the choice of antiretroviral therapy (ART). TDR to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) is the highest, while TDR to integrase inhibitors (INIs) is the lowest, which may influence the selection of clinical antiretroviral drugs.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ciputra Adijaya Hartana, Pilar Garcia Broncano, Kenneth Maswabi, Gbolahan Ajibola, Sikhulile Moyo, Terence Mohammed, Comfort Maphorisa, Joseph Makhema, Kathleen M. Powis, Shahin Lockman, Peter D. Burbelo, Ce Gao, Xu G. Yu, Daniel R. Kuritzkes, Roger Shapiro, Mathias Lichterfeld
Summary: IL-8-secreting CD4 T cells are negatively correlated with HIV-1 reservoir size at birth in vertically infected neonates, suggesting a potential barrier against reservoir seeding. The immune mechanisms regulating HIV-1 reservoir size in neonates remain unclear. In this study, we found that IL-8-secreting CD4 T cells, which are expanded in early infancy, are more resistant to HIV-1 infection and inversely correlated with intact proviruses at birth in neonates receiving early antiretroviral therapy. Furthermore, HIV-1-infected newborns exhibited distinct B-cell profiles at birth, which normalized after antiretroviral therapy.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Elmira Esmaeilzadeh, Behzad Etemad, Christy L. Lavine, Lauren Garneau, Yijia Li, James Regan, Colline Wong, Radwa Sharaf, Elizabeth Connick, Paul Volberding, Manish Sagar, Michael S. Seaman, Jonathan Z. Li
Summary: Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) can alter viral rebound kinetics after analytic treatment interruption (ATI) and may promote HIV-1 remission. Autologous neutralizing antibodies (aNAbs) play a key role in the immune response to HIV-1. In this study, we investigated the role of aNAbs in shaping post-ATI HIV-1 rebound variants. Our findings suggest that aNAbs matured during suppressive ART and exerted selective pressure on rebounding viruses. Certain pre-ATI features, such as HIV-1 sequence similarity to consensus subtype B, restricted proviral diversity, and a strong aNAbs response, were associated with post-treatment control.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David A. Spencer, Benjamin S. Goldberg, Shilpi Pandey, Tracy Ordonez, Jeremy Dufloo, Philip Barnette, William F. Sutton, Heidi Henderson, Rebecca Agnor, Lina Gao, Timothee Bruel, Olivier Schwartz, Nancy L. Haigwood, Margaret E. Ackerman, Ann J. Hessell
Summary: Antibodies are increasingly used to treat and prevent viral infections. In this study, the researchers investigated the role of antibody-mediated effector and complement activity in protecting against SHIV in rhesus macaques. They found that enhancing complement function did not improve the protective efficacy of the antibody, suggesting that effector functions of the unmodified antibody contribute to its effectiveness.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ashwini Dhamanage, Madhuri Thakar, Ramesh Paranjape
Article
Immunology
Archana Kulkarni, Swarali Kurle, Ashwini Shete, Manisha Ghate, Sheela Godbole, Vijaya Madhavi, Stephen J. Kent, Ramesh Paranjape, Madhuri Thakar
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sanketkumar Nehul, Archana Kulkarni, Shailesh Pawar, Sheela Godbole, Manisha Ghate, Madhuri Thakar
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2018)
Article
Immunology
Vandana Saxena, Manisha Ghate, Shubhangi Bichare, Ishrat Khan, Raj Majumdar, Mansa Angadi, Smita Kulkarni, Ramesh Paranjape, Madhuri Rajeev Thakar
Article
Immunology
Ashwini S. Dhamanage, Madhuri R. Thakar, Ramesh S. Paranjape
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES
(2019)
Article
Immunology
Jayshree Dhande, Pooja Salunke, Archana Kulkarni, Manisha Ghate, Madhuri Thakar
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES
(2019)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Matthew Quaife, Aurelia Lepine, Kathleen Deering, Fern Terris-Prestholt, Tara Beattie, Shajy Isac, R. S. Paranjape, Peter Vickerman
HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING
(2019)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Divyambari S. Gupte, Amol Patil, C. Selvaa Kumar, Sudhanshu Pandey, Swati K. Achrekar, Ramesh S. Paranjape, Dhanashree D. Jagtap
INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Srabanti Rakshit, Nitin Hingankar, Shuba Varshini Alampalli, Vasista Adiga, Bharath K. Sundararaj, Pravat Nalini Sahoo, Greg Finak, Anto Jesuraj Uday J. Kumar, Chirag Dhar, George D'Souza, Rashmi Govind Virkar, Manisha Ghate, Madhuri R. Thakar, Ramesh S. Paranjape, Stephen C. De Rosa, Tom H. M. Ottenhoff, Annapurna Vyakarnam
Article
Immunology
Archana Kulkarni-Munje, Sonali Palkar, Shubham Shrivastava, Sanjay Lalwani, Akhilesh C. Mishra, Vidya A. Arankalle
Summary: The severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with impaired maturation of mDCs and hyperactivation of NK, follicular T helper cells, and CD8 T cells. Decreased BCMA positive plasmablast cells in severe cases suggest a potential lack of long-term humoral immunity.
IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Archana Kulkarni-Munje, Nandini Malshe, Sonali Palkar, Aniket Amlekar, Sanjay Lalwani, Akhilesh Chandra Mishra, Vidya Arankalle
Summary: Research shows that preterm infants in India may have lower immune response to pentavalent vaccine and may require additional doses for robust immune protection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Disha Bhange, Nityanand Prasad, Swati Singh, Harshit Kumar Prajapati, Shesh Prakash Maurya, Bindu Parachalil Gopalan, Sowmya Nadig, Devidas Chaturbhuj, Boobalan Jayaseelan, Thongadi Ramesh Dinesha, Syed Fazil Ahamed, Navneet Singh, Anangi Brahmaiah, Kavita Mehta, Yuvrajsinh Gohil, Pachamuthu Balakrishnan, Bimal Kumar Das, Mary Dias, Raman Gangakhedkar, Sanjay Mehendale, Ramesh S. Paranjape, Shanmugam Saravanan, Anita Shet, Sunil Suhas Solomon, Madhuri Thakar, Udaykumar Ranga
Summary: The study identified nine different promoter variant strains of HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C) emerging in the Indian population, containing additional copies of transcription factor binding sites. Illumina sequencing of clinical samples showed dominance of one strain over the other in cases of coinfection. Further research is needed to understand how these diverse TFBS profiles may impact viral latency and latent reservoir characteristics.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Vidya Arankalle, Archana Kulkarni-Munje, Ruta Kulkarni, Sonali Palkar, Rahul Patil, Jitendra Oswal, Sanjay Lalwani, Akhilesh Chandra Mishra
Summary: This study assessed the immune response of healthcare workers to COVISHIELD and COVAXIN vaccines. The results showed that COVISHIELD generated higher neutralizing antibody titers while COVAXIN exhibited a stronger T-cell response. However, after 6 months, there was a decrease in neutralizing antibody titers, emphasizing the need for early booster immunization.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Vandana Saxena, Shubhangi Bichare, Dharmendra Singh, Manisha Ghate, Sheela Godbole, Smita Kulkarni, Raman Gangakhedkar, Ramesh Paranjape, Madhuri Thakar
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES
(2017)