Article
Microbiology
Francesca Rollo, Alessandra Latini, Massimo Giuliani, Amalia Giglio, Maria Gabriella Dona, Maria Benevolo
Summary: The study found a significant association between HPV-related biomarkers and cytological abnormalities as well as high-grade intraepithelial lesions in men who have sex with men, with p16/Ki-67 showing the strongest correlation.
Article
Immunology
Yuxin Liu, Kevin Weiss, Andres Ramirez Zamudio, Monica Prasad Hayes, Mona Saleh, Michael M. Gaisa, Keith Sigel
Summary: Anal HPV disease was highly prevalent in this primary screening cohort of WWH, and genital screening results predicted anal disease. Universal anal cancer screening is recommended for this population.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Luisa Galati, Rosario N. Brancaccio, Purnima Gupta, Eugenie Lohmann, Alexis Robitaille, Racheal S. Dube Mandishora, Cyrille Cuenin, Raffaele Filotico, Jean-Damien Combes, Anna R. Giuliano, Maria Gabriella Dona, Massimo Tommasino, Tarik Gheit
Summary: Overall, our study found that alpha HPV types were more prevalent in MSM, beta HPV types were more common in MSW, and gamma HPV types were equally distributed among the three groups. Additionally, several putative novel PV types were identified in the anal mucosa of men with different sexual behaviors and HIV status.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Muslima Ejaz, Anna Mia Ekstroem, Tazeen Saeed Ali, Mariano Salazar, Alyan Ahmed, Dania Ali, Ayman Haroon, Sameen Siddiqi
Summary: The aim of this study was to explore the readiness of Pakistan's healthcare system to integrate anal cancer and HPV screening into a national HIV program, as perceived by policymakers, health managers, and healthcare providers. The results showed that political will, financing, anti-stigma and discrimination interventions, and health system efficiency are key factors for the implementation.
Article
Virology
Jean-Luc Pretet, Alice Baraquin, Anne-Sophie Barret, Beatrice Bercot, Delphine Rahib, Nathalie Lydie, Line Pepin-Puget, Quentin Lepiller
Summary: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of sexually transmitted infections, particularly HPV infections. This study examined the distribution of HPV in anal and oropharyngeal sites in HIV-negative multipartner MSM. The results showed a high prevalence of HPV detection in anal and oropharyngeal samples, with multiple types detected in anal samples and single types detected in oropharyngeal samples. HPV16 was the most frequent type in the anus, while HPV6, HPV16, and HPV11 were the most prevalent types in the oropharynx. The main risk factors associated with HPV detection were frequenting gay meeting places, living in large cities, and having an anal Chlamydia trachomatis/Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. The findings highlight the high frequency of HPV detection and the associated risk of precancerous and cancerous lesions in this highly sexually active MSM cohort. Universal vaccination against HPV before sexual debut is an important public health strategy to prevent HPV-associated cancers in this vulnerable population of HIV-negative MSM.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jenna Nitkowski, Anna Giuliano, Tim Ridolfi, Elizabeth Chiao, Maria E. Fernandez, Vanessa Schick, Michael D. Swartz, Jennifer S. Smith, Ellen A. Schneider, Bridgett Brzezinski, Alan G. Nyitray
Summary: This study examined the effect of environmental conditions on specimen adequacy for HPV genotyping in mailed home-based self-sampling anal cancer screening kits. The results showed that temperature, freeze-thaw cycle, and transit time did not affect specimen adequacy, but the presence of fecal matter predicted specimen inadequacy.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michael A. Fuchs, Ami G. Multani, Kenneth H. Mayer, Alex S. Keuroghlian
Summary: This article discusses factors influencing decisions to screen HIV-negative MSM and emphasizes the need for more research to address clinical uncertainty in this area.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carmen Maria Garcia-Martinez, Inmaculada Calle-Gomez, Javier Lopez-Hidalgo, Patricia Gomez-Ronquillo, Mohamed Omar-Mohamed Balgahata, Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio
Summary: This study aimed to determine the value of low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) PCR in screening for high-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesion and anal cancer, as well as the rate and factors associated with progression from low-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion-plus (HSIL-plus). The results showed that monoinfection by low-risk HPV genotypes and normal cytology can exclude HSIL-plus. The progression from LSIL to HSIL-plus, observed in less than 5% of patients, was associated with acquisition of high-risk and low-risk HPV genotypes, especially genotype 6, and a history of AIDS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Jana Nemcova, Katerina Cerna, Filip Rob, Jana Smahelova, Jana Tresnak Hercogova, Josef Marx, Iva Traksmandlova, Ondrej Ondic
Summary: In Czech MSM, the prevalence of anal HR-HPV DNA is high, but HR-HPV mRNA prevalence is lower and more associated with abnormal cytology. Combining HR-HPV mRNA testing with cytology can improve the efficiency of screening for anal cancer in this population.
DIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Andrew J. Frankart, Benjamin E. Criss, Kelsey Dillehay McKillip, Trisha Wise-Draper, Vinita Takiar, Jordan Kharofa
Summary: The study found that p16 immunohistochemistry can be a reliable surrogate for E6/7 mRNA expression in identifying human papillomavirus-mediated squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal, with a high concordance rate, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of 96%, 100%, and 100% respectively.
DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Howard D. Strickler, Marla J. Keller, Nancy A. Hessol, Isam-Eldin Eltoum, Mark H. Einstein, Philip E. Castle, L. Stewart Massad, Lisa Flowers, Lisa Rahangdale, Jessica M. Atrio, Catalina Ramirez, Howard Minkoff, Adaora A. Adimora, Igho Ofotokun, Christine Colie, Megan J. Huchko, Margaret Fischl, Rodney Wright, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Jason Leider, Olga Diaz, Lorraine Sanchez-Keeland, Sadeep Shrestha, Xianhong Xie, Xiaonan Xue, Kathryn Anastos, Joel M. Palefsky, Robert D. Burk
Summary: The study found that in women living with HIV, primary human papillomavirus screening (PHS) combined with reflex HPV16/18 genotyping can reduce unnecessary colposcopies, potentially serving as an alternative to co-testing.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Fangbin Song, Jerome L. Belinson, Peisha Yan, Xia Huang, Chun Wang, Hui Du, Xinfeng Qu, Ruifang Wu
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of a novel p16 immunocytology approach and HPV genotyping in triaging HPV-positive self-samples. The findings suggest that p16 is more sensitive and less specific than ASC-US+, and two triage strategies combining p16 with cytology or genotypes were superior to the ASC-US+ strategy. These strategies achieved better balance between diseases detection and colposcopy referral.
GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Laura Conde-Ferraez, Alberto Chan-Mezeta, Jesus Gilberto Gomez-Carballo, Guadalupe Ayora-Talavera, Maria del Refugio Gonzalez-Losa
Summary: The incidence of anal intraepithelial neoplasias associated with HPV is increasing worldwide, with higher risk among individuals living with HIV/AIDS. A study in Mexico found that 59.8% of men and women living with HIV had anal HPV infection, with multiple genotypes identified. Risky behaviors, such as receptive anal intercourse and inconsistent condom use, were associated with HPV infection. Cytology identified low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in a significant proportion of participants.
Article
Oncology
Gary M. Clifford, Damien Georges, Meredith S. Shiels, Eric A. Engels, Andreia Albuquerque, Isobel Mary Poynten, Alexandra de Pokomandy, Alexandra M. Easson, Elizabeth A. Stier
Summary: Certain population groups such as PLHIV, MSM, SOTRs, and patients with autoimmune diseases have higher anal cancer risks. The incidence rates vary significantly among different groups, with HIV-positive MSM showing the highest rates. Prioritizing anal cancer prevention and research in these high-risk groups is crucial.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Yuxin Liu, Swati Bhardwaj, Keith Sigel, John Winters, Joseph Terlizzi, Michael M. Gaisa
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and severity of anal HPV disease among MSM LWH under the age of 35, finding a high prevalence of HPV infection and precancer but no cases of invasive anal cancer. This supports the adoption of age-based anal cancer screening for this population.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Philip E. Castle, Walter K. Kinney, Lu Chen, Jane J. Kim, Steven Jenison, Giovanna Rossi, Huining Kang, Jack Cuzick, Cosette M. Wheeler
Summary: In 2019, only 12.7% of women aged 30-64 underwent cotesting and 27.7% underwent cytology at the recommended interval. The observed under- and overscreening could result in increases in cervical cancer incidence and harms and costs, respectively.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Julia C. Gage, Tina Raine-Bennett, Mark Schiffman, Megan A. Clarke, Li C. Cheung, Nancy E. Poitras, Nicole E. Varnado, Hormuzd A. Katki, Philip E. Castle, Brian Befano, Malini Chandra, Greg Rydzak, Thomas Lorey, Nicolas Wentzensen
Summary: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of different screening and triage strategies to identify individuals at highest risk for cervical cancer progression. The data from the IRIS study provides robust evidence for cervical cancer screening, management, and posttreatment follow-up, and also offers opportunities for biomarker research associated with other gynecologic cancers.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Kanan T. Desai, Brian Befano, Zhiyun Xue, Helen Kelly, Nicole G. Campos, Didem Egemen, Julia C. Gage, Ana-Cecilia Rodriguez, Vikrant Sahasrabuddhe, David Levitz, Paul Pearlman, Jose Jeronimo, Sameer Antani, Mark Schiffman, Silvia de Sanjose
Summary: Limited access to effective cervical cancer screening programs in resource-limited settings leads to high cervical cancer burden. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is recognized as the preferable primary screening approach, providing long-term reassurance and adaptability to self-sampling. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is widely used in resource-limited settings, but it is subjective and inaccurate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jacqueline Mix, Mona Saraiya, Benjamin D. Hallowell, Brian Befano, Li C. Cheung, Elizabeth R. Unger, Julia W. Gargano, Lauri E. Markowitz, Philip E. Castle, Tina Raine-Bennett, Joan Walker, Rosemary Zuna, Mark Schiffman, Nicolas Wentzensen, Julia C. Gage
Summary: Racial and ethnic differences exist in the attribution of cervical precancer and cancer to HPV types. The 9-valent HPV vaccine is effective in preventing most cases of precancers and invasive cancers among major racial and ethnic groups. Adding HPV35 to vaccines could provide additional protection, particularly for Black women.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2022)
Letter
Oncology
Philip E. Castle, Nicolas Wentzensen
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Anthere Murangwa, Kanan T. Desai, Julia C. Gage, Gad Murenzi, Patrick Tuyisenge, Faustin Kanyabwisha, Aimable Musafili, Gallican Kubwimana, Leon Mutesa, Kathryn Anastos, Hae-Young Kim', Philip E. Castle
Summary: This study analyzed the agreement between the established Xpert HPV assay and the novel AmpFire HPV genotyping assay for detection of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV). The results showed good to excellent agreement between the two tests when testing hrHPV types among women living with HIV. The AmpFire assay was more likely to detect additional HPV16 infections.
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Camryn M. Cohen, Nicolas Wentzensen, Philip E. Castle, Mark Schiffman, Rosemary Zuna, Rebecca C. Arend, Megan A. Clarke
Summary: This study conducted an integrated population-based analysis on histologic subtype-specific cervical cancer incidence, survival, and incidence-based mortality among different races and ethnicities. The results showed that Black and Hispanic women had the highest incidence rates of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, while Hispanic and White women had the highest incidence rates of cervical adenocarcinoma. Black women had the highest overall mortality rates and lowest 5-year relative survival.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Lori M. Minasian, Paul Pinsky, Hormuzd A. Katki, Tony Dickherber, Paul K. J. Han, Lyndsay Harris, Christos Patriotis, Sudhir Srivastava, Carol J. Weil, Philip C. Prorok, Philip E. Castle
Summary: This article introduces a blood-based assay for multicancer early detection and highlights the need for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to determine its clinical effectiveness. Screening for multiple cancers simultaneously presents new challenges, including diagnostic workup, follow-up, potential harms, dissemination strategies, and ethical implications. The development of a flexibly designed RCT is necessary to fully understand the benefits and risks of this promising technology.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Chelsey A. Smith, Megan M. Chang, Kathryn A. Kundrod, Emilie N. Novak, Sonia G. Parra, Leticia Lopez, Celda Mavume, Cesaltina Lorenzoni, Mauricio Maza, Mila P. Salcedo, Jennifer L. Carns, Ellen Baker, Jane Montealegre, Michael Scheurer, Philip E. Castle, Kathleen M. Schmeler, Rebecca R. Richards-Kortum
Summary: This study developed a low-cost and point-of-care cervical cancer screening test using a two-dimensional paper network. The test can detect high-risk HPV DNA within an hour, overcoming the limitations of expensive and complicated laboratory-based tests. Its performance was evaluated in both controlled laboratory settings and field settings, showing promise for use in low-resource settings.
Article
Oncology
David R. Crawford, Sanju Sinha, Nishanth Ulhas Nair, Brid M. Ryan, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan, Stephen M. Mount, Ayelet Erez, Kenneth Aldape, Philip E. Castle, Padma S. Rajagopal, Chi-Ping Day, Alejandro A. Schaeffer, Eytan Ruppin
Summary: This study investigates the sex biases in the occurrence of cancer and autoimmune diseases (AIDs), and finds a positive correlation between the sex biases observed in AIDs and cancers that occur in the same tissue. The expression of mitochondrial-encoded genes stands out as a common key factor associated with both cancer and AID incidence rate sex biases.
Article
Virology
Louiza S. Veientzis, David Hawkes, Michael Caruanaa, Julia ML. Brotherton, Megan A. Smith, Lara Roeske, Khurram A. Karim, Suzanne M. Garland, C. David Wrede, Jeffery Tan, Cosette Wheeler, Philip E. Castle, Marion Saville, Karen Canfell
Summary: Australia's cervical screening program transitioned to HPV testing in December 2017 and we investigated the impact of the HPV vaccination program on HPV16/18 prevalence. The results showed a significant reduction in HPV16/18 prevalence after vaccination compared to pre-vaccination levels.
TUMOUR VIRUS RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Marc Arbyn, Stefanie Costa, Ardashel Latsuzbaia, Eliane Kellen, Paolo Girogi Rossi, Clementina E. Cocuzza, Partha Basu, Philip E. Castle
Summary: In 2017, cervical cancer screening in the Netherlands was switched to HPV testing using cobas 4800. Women were provided with a self-sampling kit for free and could collect samples at home. Initially, only 7% of tests were done through self-sampling, but with improved promotion and accessibility, the proportion increased to 16% in 2020. Self-sampling showed lower HPV positivity and detection rate of precancer compared to clinician sampling, suggesting a need for optimization in handling and testing protocols.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jack Cuzick, Rachael Adcock, Walter E. Kinney, Philip E. Castle, Michael M. Robertson, Ruth M. H. McDonald, Mark H. Stoler, Ruofei M. Du, Cosette M. Wheeler
Summary: HPV testing increases the diagnosis of precancer and reduces the incidence of cervical cancer more than cytology alone. A real-world evidence study conducted in New Mexico showed that adding HPV testing to cytology substantially increased the detection of CIN2+ and CIN3+ cases, supporting primary HPV-only screening in the United States.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Philip E. Castle
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2023)