Article
Microbiology
Benjamin Hamid, Josephine Schlosser-Brandenburg, Lalita Bechtold, Friederike Ebner, Sebastian Rausch, Susanne Hartmann
Summary: This study examined the early immune response initiation after exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in pigs, revealing that porcine CD3-NKp46+ cells serve as important IL-12 producers following TLR ligation, while IL-18 likely plays a prominent role in early immune response initiation in pigs after T. gondii infection.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marcelle Mehu, Chandrakala Aluganti Narasimhulu, Dinender K. Singla
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by damage to the intima, inflammatory cell recruitment, and lipid accumulation followed by calcification and plaque rupture. Inflammation is believed to play a crucial role in the development and progression of the disease. This paper discusses the various types of inflammatory cells involved in atherosclerosis and their significance in the disease's development and progression. Understanding the role of these cells at different stages of the disease provides valuable insights for targeted therapy.
Article
Microbiology
Silvia Lucena Lage, Chun-Shu Wong, Eduardo Pinheiro Amaral, Daniel Sturdevant, Denise C. Hsu, Adam Rupert, Eleanor M. P. Wilson, S. Sonia Qasba, Nuha Sultana Naqvi, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Andrea Lisco, Maura Manion, Irini Sereti
Summary: In TB-IRIS patients, inflammasome activation on monocytes is associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, while complement deposition may lead to a positive feedback loop in the inflammatory responses observed.
Article
Cell Biology
Chan Mo, Shuwen Xie, Bin Liu, Weichao Zhong, Ting Zeng, Sha Huang, Yuqi Lai, Guanghui Deng, Chuying Zhou, Weixin Yan, Yuyao Chen, Shaohui Huang, Lei Gao, Zhiping Lv
Summary: The study demonstrates that IDO1 affects the recruitment of immune cells by inhibiting DCs maturation and subsequent T cell proliferation, exacerbating the progression of liver fibrosis. Targeting IDO1 to ameliorate immune responses in the hepatic and splenic microenvironment may be essential for therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Rosanne D. Reitsema, Bernd-Cornel Hesselink, Wayel H. Abdulahad, Kornelis S. M. van der Geest, Elisabeth Brouwer, Peter Heeringa, Yannick van Sleen
Summary: This study found differential phenotypes of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the peripheral blood of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) and Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) patients. The proportions of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and CD141+ conventional DCs (cDC1) were lower in GCA/PMR, while the proportion of CD1c+ conventional DCs (cDC2) was negatively correlated with CRP. Additionally, single cell RNA sequencing identified differentially expressed genes related to inflammation and metabolism in GCA patients' APCs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Guoshuai Feng, Geetika Bajpai, Pan Ma, Andrew Koenig, Andrea Bredemeyer, Inessa Lokshina, Lulu Lai, Irmgard Foerster, Florian Leuschner, Daniel Kreisel, Kory J. Lavine
Summary: This study identified CCL17 as a proinflammatory mediator in CCR2(+) macrophages and dendritic cells, and suggested that inhibiting CCL17 could promote Treg recruitment and suppress myocardial inflammation.
Review
Cell Biology
Enrica Marmonti, Jacqueline Oliva-Ramirez, Cara Haymaker
Summary: Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial in immunology, yet targeting them remains challenging. Understanding and utilizing dendritic cells can lead to new therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment.
Review
Immunology
Mar Cabeza-Cabrerizo, Ana Cardoso, Carlos M. Minutti, Mariana Pereira da Costa, Caetano Reis e Sousa
Summary: Dendritic cells play a crucial role in shaping adaptive and innate immunity by integrating environmental information. Conventional DCs, a discrete cell lineage, are highlighted in this review for their key features and impact on other leukocytes.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 39
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
S. Gatechompol, J. Sophonphan, S. J. Kerr, S. Ubolyam, A. Avihingsanon, F. van Leth, F. Cobelens
Summary: This study evaluated the relationship between multiple time-updated ML ratio measurements and the incidence of TB in PLWH after ART initiation, finding that an increased ML ratio was predictive of incident TB. The ML ratio at a cut point of 0.23 provided a high diagnostic accuracy with a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 71%.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sara Falck-Jones, Bjorn Osterberg, Anna Smed-Sorensen
Summary: Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020, researchers worldwide have made efforts to understand the mechanisms behind the varying range of COVID-19 disease severity. Monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) are involved in the immunopathology of COVID-19 and may play important roles in determining disease severity.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Rebecca T. Veenhuis, Dionna W. Williams, Erin N. Shirk, Celina Monteiro Abreu, Edna A. Ferreira, Jennifer M. Coughlin, Todd T. Brown, Pauline M. Maki, Kathryn Anastos, Joan W. Berman, Janice E. Clements, Leah H. Rubin
Summary: The study identified a correlation between intermediate monocytes in the blood of HIV-infected individuals and decreased neuropsychological function, as well as a relationship between classical monocytes and improved cognition. However, no associations were found between monocyte subsets and depression or stress-related symptoms in this population.
Article
Virology
Guilherme B. Farias, Robert Badura, Carolina M. Conceicao, Andre M. C. Gomes, Ana Godinho-Santos, Joel Laia, Pedro Rosmaninho, Diana F. Santos, Catarina Mota, Afonso R. M. Almeida, Susana M. Fernandes, Amelia C. Trombetta, Ana E. Sousa
Summary: Monocytes play crucial roles in acute viral infections, influencing inflammation and the development of specific B- and T-cell responses. A study comparing monocyte phenotypes in HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infected patients found distinct polarization, with HIV-1 maintaining a pro-inflammatory M1-like profile and SARS-CoV-2 showing an M2-like immunosuppressive shift. Both acute infections exhibited decreased levels of CD14(low/-)CD16(+) non-classical monocytes, particularly those expressing Slan, suggesting a potential role of these cells in immune surveillance during viral infections.
Review
Immunology
Stefan Schuelke, Stefanie Gilles, Adan C. Jirmo, Johannes U. Mayer
Summary: Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play a critical role in bridging innate and adaptive immune responses by presenting antigens to T cells. In allergies, APCs drive immune responses against harmless antigens. Different types of APCs contribute differently to tissue-specific immune tolerance, allergen sensitization, and allergic inflammation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Yuting Tan, Wei Guo, Qi Zhu, Shihui Song, Yanni Xiang, Songjie Wu, Shi Zou, Yajun Yan, Ling Feng, Mingqi Luo, Ling Shen, Yong Feng, Ke Liang
Summary: This study investigated the function of peripheral cytokine-secreting cells in HIV/TB co-infection. The results showed that the absolute numbers of these cells were lower in patients with HIV/TB co-infection compared to TB or HIV infection alone. Additionally, the functional profiles of these cells were significantly different in HIV/TB co-infection. Furthermore, measuring the percentage of cytokine-secreting cells may be a sensitive marker for early evaluation of anti-TB treatment efficacy in HIV/TB co-infection.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Javiera Villar, Lea Ouaknin, Adeline Cros, Elodie Segura
Summary: During inflammation, monocytes can differentiate into either macrophages or dendritic cells. This study used single-cell RNA sequencing and computational analysis to identify different pathways of differentiation for these two cell types. It also identified key transcription factors involved in monocyte fate commitment.
Article
Nursing
Ivy Mong, Vimala Ramoo, Sasheela Ponnampalavanar, Mei Chan Chong, Wan Nor Fatihah Wan Nawawi
Summary: Nurses demonstrated good knowledge, a positive attitude, and good perceived practice regarding CAUTI prevention in this study. Nurses aged above 30 and with more than ten years of experience reported higher levels of knowledge. Attitude had a greater impact on practice compared to knowledge, emphasizing the importance of cultivating a positive attitude among nurses for CAUTI prevention.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Matthew L. Romo, Rena C. Patel, Jessie K. Edwards, John M. Humphrey, Beverly S. Musick, Caitlin Bernard, Mercy W. Maina, Ellen Brazier, Barbara Castelnuovo, Jeremy Penner, Katarzyna Wyka, Sandra Wagner Cardoso, Penh Sun Ly, Cordelia Kunzekwenyika, Claudia P. Cortes, Radoslaw Panczak, Elizabeth A. Kelvin, Kara K. Wools-Kaloustian, Denis Nash
Summary: The uptake of dolutegravir in LMICs showed disparities by sex and age group, particularly among females of reproductive age. The differences were more pronounced in countries that initially implemented dolutegravir with highly restrictive policies.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Win Min Han, Matthew G. Law, Jun Yong Choi, Rossana Ditangco, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Romanee Chaiwarith, Penh Sun Ly, Suwimon Khusuwan, Tuti Parwati Merati, Cuong Duy Do, Evy Yunihastuti, Iskandar Azwa, Man-Po Lee, Thach Ngoc Pham, Yu-Jiun Chan, Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul, Oon Tek Ng, Junko Tanuma, Sanjay Pujari, Fujie Zhang, Yasmin Gani, Vidya Mave, Jeremy Ross, Anchalee Avihingsanon
Summary: Among Asian adults living with HIV, weight gain after initiation of antiretroviral therapy is significantly higher in individuals with lower CD4 count, higher HIV RNA, and those starting with an INSTI-based regimen. The development of MetS does not show a significant association with all-cause mortality.
Article
Virology
I-Ching Sam, Yoong Min Chong, Azwani Abdullah, Jolene Yin Ling Fu, M. Shahnaz Hasan, Fadhil Hadi Jamaluddin, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Koo Koon Lim, Mohd Afiq Mohd Nor, Yong Kek Pang, Sasheela Ponnampalavanar, Muhammad Fadzil Shahib, Sharifah Faridah Syed Omar, Jonathan Chia Jui Chan, David Perera, Yoke Fun Chan
Summary: Malaysia has experienced three waves of COVID-19 cases, with the ongoing third wave propagated by a state election in Sabah. The direct age-standardized seroprevalence in Kuala Lumpur/Selangor was 3.0%. The second and third waves were driven by super-spreading events and different circulating lineages.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jung Ho Kim, Awachana Jiamsakul, Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul, Bui Vu Huy, Suwimon Khusuwan, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Oon Tek Ng, Penh Sun Ly, Man-Po Lee, Yu-Jiun Chan, Yasmin Mohamed Gani, Iskandar Azwa, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Tuti Parwati Merati, Sanjay Pujari, Romanee Chaiwarith, Fujie Zhang, Junko Tanuma, Cuong Duy Do, Rossana Ditangco, Evy Yunihastuti, Jeremy Ross, Jun Yong Choi
Summary: This study investigated the use of holding regimens for people living with HIV in Asian countries and found that holding regimens can affect treatment outcomes and future treatment options. The proportion of patients using different drugs varied based on the income level of the countries.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hong Yien Tan, Yean Kong Yong, Yuan Chao Xue, Huitao Liu, Tomomi Furihata, Esaki Muthu Shankar, Chen Seng Ng
Summary: Neuroinflammation worsens the development of ALS caused by SOD1 mutation. The mitochondrial damage triggered by ALS leads to the release of mtDNA and RNA:DNA hybrids, activating the IRF3- and IFNAR-dependent IFN-I and interferon-stimulating genes, causing high levels of IFN-I and pro-inflammatory response. Inter-neuronal gap junctions amplify the response through cGAS/DDX41-STING signaling. This highlights the role of a common DNA sensing pathway between SOD1 and TDP-43 in ALS progression.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
I. Russel Lee, Steven Y. C. Tong, Joshua S. Davis, David L. Paterson, Sharifah F. Syed-Omar, Kwong Ran Peck, Doo Ryeon Chung, Graham S. Cooke, Eshele Anak Libau, Siti-Nabilah B. A. Rahman, Mihir P. Gandhi, Luming Shi, Shuwei Zheng, Jenna Chaung, Seow Yen Tan, Shirin Kalimuddin, Sophia Archuleta, David C. Lye
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and economic impact of early stepdown to oral antibiotics in the treatment of Gram-negative bacteraemia. It is an international randomized controlled trial, with the primary outcome being 30-day all-cause mortality.
Article
Immunology
Jaisheela Vimali, Yean K. Yong, Amudhan Murugesan, Rajeev Ashwin, Pachamuthu Balakrishnan, Sivadoss Raju, Vijayakumar Velu, Marie Larsson, Esaki M. Shankar
Summary: Scientific observations suggest that human pegivirus (HPgV) has a positive impact on the progression of HIV disease, potentially reducing HIV viral load and hepatic injury.
Review
Microbiology
Ramachandran Vignesh, Pachamuthu Balakrishnan, Hong Yien Tan, Yean Kong Yong, Vijayakumar Velu, Marie Larsson, Esaki M. Shankar
Summary: The combination of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) known as syndemic diseases, have a synergistic effect on each other, resulting in a greater disease burden. Individuals undergoing anti-retroviral therapy (ART) are at risk of developing TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS). Although significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of IRIS, the underlying mechanisms and identification of sensitive and specific diagnostic markers remain areas of investigation. This review covers the latest research on IRIS immunopathogenesis, as well as preventive and management strategies for better clinical and diagnostic outcomes.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Valerie A. Earnshaw, Jon Cox, Pui Li Wong, Rumana Saifi, Suzan Walters, Iskandar Azwa, Sharifah Faridah Syed Omar, Zachary K. Collier, Asfarina Amir Hassan, Sin How Lim, Jeffrey Wickersham, Marwan S. Haddad, Adeeba Kamarulzaman
Summary: Stigma towards key populations and people living with HIV is prevalent among Malaysian doctors, hindering HIV prevention and treatment. A recent photovoice study involving Malaysian participants revealed that many experienced stigma from doctors, feeling judged and misunderstood. However, there is also hope for improved doctor-patient relationships.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Martyn A. French
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Suzan M. Walters, Wong Pui Li, Rumana Saifi, Iskandar Azwa, Sharifah Faridah Syed Omar, Zachary K. Collier, Asfarina Binti Amir Hassan, Marwan S. Haddad, Frederick L. Altice, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Valerie A. Earnshaw
Summary: This study explores the barriers and facilitators of implementing Project ECHO in Malaysia. Barriers include conflicting priorities, time constraints, and technology, while facilitators include content and format, dedicated time, flexible programming, incentives, and availability of technology. The study finds that Project ECHO is a promising intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic, as it can enhance physicians' knowledge and skills in specialty medicine.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PROVIDERS OF AIDS CARE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
S. A. Abdul-Aziz, M. L. Chong, M. McStea, P. L. Wong, S. Ponnampalavanar, I Azwa, A. Kamarulzaman, S. B. Kamaruzzaman, R. Rajasuriar
Summary: This study aimed to characterize frailty among PLWH on ART, identify associated risk factors, and emphasize the importance of psychosocial factors in the development of frailty.
JOURNAL OF FRAILTY & AGING
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Matthew L. Romo, Rena C. Patel, Jessie K. Edwards, John M. Humphrey, Beverly S. Musick, Caitlin Bernard, Mercy W. Maina, Ellen Brazier, Barbara Castelnuovo, Jeremy Penner, Katarzyna Wyka, Sandra Wagner Cardoso, Penh Sun Ly, Cordelia Kunzekwenyika, Claudia P. Cortes, Radoslaw Panczak, Elizabeth A. Kelvin, Kara K. Wools-Kaloustian, Denis Nash
Summary: The study found that after the safety signal, the uptake of dolutegravir among females of reproductive age was significantly lower than that among males, and this disparity was more pronounced in countries that implemented dolutegravir earlier with stricter policies. However, the uptake of dolutegravir was similar between females and males aged 50 and older.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)