Article
Biology
Erica E. Fischer, Neil S. Cobb, Akito Y. Kawahara, Jennifer M. Zaspel, Anthony Cognato
Summary: Amateur butterfly and moth collectors in the United States have collected more Lepidoptera specimens than professional scientists, with a steep rise after World War II followed by a decline in the late 1990s. However, the rate of observations submitted to database groups dramatically increased around 2005. Declining acquisition of Lepidoptera specimens could compromise testing of ecological, conservation, and evolutionary hypotheses, suggesting the need for increased collaboration between professional and community-based scientists.
Article
Cell Biology
Ciputra Adijaya Hartana, Pilar Garcia-Broncano, Yelizaveta Rassadkina, Xiaodong Lian, Chenyang Jiang, Kevin B. Einkauf, Kenneth Maswabi, Gbolahan Ajibola, Sikhulile Moyo, Terence Mohammed, Comfort Maphorisa, Joseph Makhema, Yuko Yuki, Maureen Martin, Kara Bennett, Patrick Jean-Philippe, Mathias Viard, Michael D. Hughes, Kathleen M. Powis, Mary Carrington, Shahin Lockman, Ce Gao, Xu G. Yu, Daniel R. Kuritzkes, Roger Shapiro, Mathias Lichterfeld
Summary: Initiation of early antiretroviral therapy in infected neonates can limit viral reservoir seeding, but it does not prevent long-term HIV-1 persistence. The study found that rapid decline of HIV-1 proviruses occurred after initiation of ART in neonates, accompanied by an increase in cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cell populations and a decrease in inhibitory NK cell subsets. Immune perturbations observed in certain immune cell types at birth were normalized after early institution of antiretroviral therapy, but they did not significantly influence HIV-1 reservoir cell dynamics.
Article
Immunology
Yunqi Li, Francois Lefebvre, Edith Nakku-Joloba, Allan Ronald, Glenda Gray, Guy de Bruyn, James Kiarie, Connie Celum, Mark J. Cameron, Jairam R. Lingappa, Romel D. Mackelprang
Summary: In individuals exposed to HIV-1, higher expression of PTPRC (CD45 antigen) and interferon-response pathways may indicate an increased risk of acquiring HIV-1.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
John Harmon, Mary Michael Garver Kelley, Sonya L. Heath, Kelly L. Ross-Davis, Lauren A. Walter
Summary: Through studying HIV seroconverters in the emergency department, it was revealed that certain populations are disproportionately affected by race, history of intravenous drug use, mental health comorbidities, and lack of social factors. The findings suggest that the emergency department could provide a unique opportunity for intervention before HIV exposure, particularly for vulnerable populations.
AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mikhail V. Kozlov, Bastien Castagneyrol, Vitali Zverev, Elena L. Zvereva
Summary: Environmental pollution is a major cause of global biodiversity decline. However, the effects of industrial pollution on insect communities and their species-specific responses are not well understood. By analyzing samples of moths and butterflies collected along a pollution gradient in sub-arctic Russia, researchers found that the diversity and abundance of these insects were influenced by pollution levels and the specific traits of each species. The study also showed that the recovery of insect communities following emission control can be predicted using space-for-time substitution.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Vincent H. Wu, Jayme M. L. Nordin, Son Nguyen, Jaimy Joy, Felicity Mampe, Perla M. del Rio Estrada, Fernanda Torres-Ruiz, Mauricio Gonzalez-Navarro, Yara Andrea Luna-Villalobos, Santiago Avila-Rios, Gustavo Reyes-Teran, Pablo Tebas, Luis J. Montaner, Katharine J. Bar, Laura A. Vella, Michael R. Betts
Summary: In this study, a single-cell strategy was developed to define the HIV-infected memory CD4(+) T cell reservoir in ART-treated people living with HIV (ART-PLWH) using integrated accessible proviral DNA, epigenetic and cell surface protein profiling. The study identified a profound reservoir heterogeneity within and between ART-PLWH, characterized by new and known surface markers within memory CD4(+) T cell subsets. Furthermore, new epigenetic profiles and transcription factor motifs enriched in HIV-infected cells were uncovered, suggesting a potential for reactivation during ART treatment. These findings establish an initial multiomic atlas for targeted reservoir elimination strategies.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Syed Tauseef Mohyud-Din, Aqsa Nazir, Bandar Almohsin, Naveed Ahmed, Umar Khan, Asif Waheed, Takasar Hussain
Summary: This article discusses the modification and application of mathematical models related to HIV in order to predict the spread of the virus in a broader domain, along with providing residual errors and graphical results for the solution of the nonlinear system of differential equations.
ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hyunmi Choi, Evan L. Thacker, William T. Longstreth, Mitchell S. V. Elkind, Amelia K. Boehme
Summary: The study found that older adults with epilepsy experience a faster decline in global cognitive ability, and ApoE4 allele status modifies the relationship between cognitive decline and prevalent epilepsy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria Gabriella Dona, Massimo Giuliani, Francesca Rollo, Maria Fenicia Vescio, Maria Benevolo, Amalie Giglio, Eugenia Giuliani, Aldo Morrone, Alessandra Latini
Summary: HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) have a higher prevalence of anal infection by high-risk HPV and incidence of anal carcinoma. Use of cART reduces the risk of acquiring anal infection by high-risk HPV.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jodie Roberts, Kristine Woodward, Adam Kirton, Michael J. Esser
Summary: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic condition that leads to vascular malformations in the brain, spinal cord, and lungs, resulting in neurologic complications. This case highlights the diagnosis of a brain abscess in a previously healthy 3-year-old boy, which was caused by a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM). Screening for PAVM with contrast-enhanced echocardiogram or enhanced CT of the chest should be considered in patients with cryptogenic brain abscess or recurrent embolic stroke of unknown origin.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Evelyne Gendron, Frederik Bouchard, Narcisse Singbo, Jacques P. Brown, Laetitia Michou
Summary: This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with Paget's disease of bone (PDB) and compare them with a historical cohort. The study found that patients in the contemporary cohort were older at diagnosis, had a majority of monostotic involvement, and fewer complications of PDB compared to the historical cohort.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
T. Jake Liang
Summary: New strategies utilizing nucleic acid technologies are being explored for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, with a pilot clinical study of antisense oligonucleotide treatment demonstrating the potential promise of this approach.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Maria F. Nardell, Bethany Hedt-Gauthier, Valerie A. Earnshaw, Laura M. Bogart, Janan J. Dietrich, Ingrid Courtney, Gugulethu Tshabalala, Jacob Bor, Catherine Orrell, Glenda Gray, David R. Bangsberg, Ingrid T. Katz
Summary: An investigation conducted in South Africa found that more than one third of people with HIV tested positive multiple times after routine HIV testing at clinics in Soweto and Gugulethu. It was discovered that individuals who were previously ineligible for treatment but tested positive again were more likely to initiate treatment, while those who reported coping through substance use were more likely to decline treatment.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Esther S. Veldhoen, Camiel A. Wijngaarde, Ruben P. A. van Eijk, Fay-Lynn Asselman, Negina Seddiqi, Louise A. M. Otto, Marloes Stam, Inge Cuppen, Renske I. Wadman, Roelie M. Woesten van Asperen, Erik H. J. Hulzebos, Laura P. Verweij van den Oudenrijn, Bart Bartels, Jasmijn Boezer, M. Gaytant, Cornelis K. van der Ent, W. Ludo van der Pol
Summary: In patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), lung function gradually declines and leads to respiratory failure. However, the decline does not accelerate prior to chronic respiratory failure. Patients who start mechanical ventilation electively have worse lung function at the start of ventilation.
ORPHANET JOURNAL OF RARE DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
S. Alizadeh, S. Khamse, N. Tajeddin, H. R. Khorram Khorshid, A. Delbari, M. Ohadi
Summary: This study identifies a specific genotype at a CG-rich trinucleotide short tandem repeat (STR) locus that is associated with late-onset neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Loveleen Bansi-Matharu, Edinah Mudimu, Rowan Martin-Hughes, Matt Hamilton, Leigh Johnson, Debra ten Brink, John Stover, Gesine Meyer-Rath, Sherrie L. Kelly, Lise Jamieson, Valentina Cambiano, Andreas Jahn, Frances M. Cowan, Collin Mangenah, Webster Mavhu, Thato Chidarikire, Carlos Toledo, Paul Revill, Maaya Sundaram, Karin Hatzold, Aisha Yansaneh, Tsitsi Apollo, Thoko Kalua, Owen Mugurungi, Valerian Kiggundu, Zhang Shufang, Rose Nyirenda, Andrew Phillips, Katharine Kripke, Anna Bershteyn
Summary: Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) has been recommended as a cost-effective HIV prevention strategy in sub-Saharan Africa, but its effectiveness in the context of expanded antiretroviral therapy programs remains uncertain.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jordi Navarro, Adrian Curran, Berta Raventos, Jorge Garcia, Paula Suanzes, Vicente Descalzo, Patricia Alvarez, Nuria Espinosa, Marisa Luisa Montes, Ines Suarez-Garcia, Concha Amador, Roberto Muga, Vicenc Falco, Joaquin Burgos
Summary: In this study, researchers found a high prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in people living with HIV (PLWH). Obesity and diabetes were associated factors with NAFLD, while exposure to integrase strand transfer inhibitors reduced the risk. Moreover, among patients with hepatic steatosis, exposure to thymidine analogues increased the risk of significant fibrosis, while exposure to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors reduced this risk.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Robbie Hammond, Valentina Cambiano, Fiona C. Lampe, David Asboe, Amanda Clarke, Richard Gilson, Graham J. Hart, Ada Rose Miltz, Nneka Nwokolo, Anne M. Johnson, Andrew N. Phillips, Andrew Speakman, Gary Whitlock, Alison Rodger, Janey Sewell
Summary: A longitudinal study on 622 men who have sex with men (MSM) found that factors such as age, unemployment, smoking, recent condomless sex, recent STI, and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) use were associated with starting chemsex. On the other hand, age over 40, condomless sex, and use of PEP and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) were associated with lower likelihood of stopping chemsex. These findings can help identify individuals at high risk of starting chemsex and provide an opportunity for sexual health services to intervene with risk reduction measures, especially PrEP.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Samuel M. Brown, Christina E. Barkauskas, Birgit Grund, Shweta Sharma, Andrew N. Phillips, Lindsay Leither, Ithan Peltan, Michael Lanspa, Daniel L. Gilstrap, Ahmad Mourad, Kathleen Lane, Jeremy R. Beitler, Alexis L. Serra, Ivan Garcia, Eyad Almasri, Mohamed Fayed, Kinsley Hubel, Estelle S. Harris, Elizabeth A. Middleton, Macy A. G. Barrios, Kusum S. Mathews, Neha N. Goel, Samuel Acquah, Jarrod Mosier, Cameron Hypes, Elizabeth Salvagio Campbell, Akram Khan, Catherine L. Hough, Jennifer G. Wilson, Joseph E. Levitt, Abhijit Duggal, Siddharth Dugar, Andrew J. Goodwin, Charles Terry, Peter Chen, Sam Torbati, Nithya Iyer, Uriel S. Sandkovsky, Nicholas J. Johnson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Michaela Matthay, Neil Raggarwal, Ivors Douglas, Jonathan Casey, Manuel Hache-Marliere, J. Georges Youssef, William Nkemdirim, Brad Leshnower, Omar Awan, Sonal Pannu, Darragh Shane O'Mahony, Prasad Manian, J. W. Awori Hayanga, Glenn W. Wortmann, Bruno M. Tomazini, Robert F. Miller, Jens-Ulrik Jensen, Daniel Murray, Nina A. Bickell, Jigna Zatakia, Sarah Burris, Elizabeth S. Higgs, Ven Natarajan, Robin L. Dewar, Adam Schechner, Nayon Kang, Alejandro Arenas-Pinto, Fleur Hudson, Adit A. Ginde, Wesley H. Self, Angela J. Rogers, Cathryn F. Oldmixon, Haley Morin, Adriana Sanchez, Amy C. Weintrob, Alexandre Biasi Cavalcanti, Anne Davis-Karim, Nicole Engen, Eileen Denning, B. Taylor Thompson, Annetine C. Gelijns, Virginia Kan, Victoria J. Davey, Jens Lundgren, Abdel G. Babiker, James Neaton, H. Clifford Lane
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of aviptadil in treating acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients. The results showed no significant difference in the primary efficacy outcome at day 90 compared to placebo, and there was also no significant difference in mortality between the two groups. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the aviptadil and placebo groups.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jose R. Castillo-Mancilla, Mary Morrow, Peter W. Hunt, Samuel R. Schnittman, Andrew N. Phillips, Jason Baker, Jessica E. Haberer, Maria Joao Janeiro, Filipa Aragao, Cal Cohen, Nicholas Musinguzi, Todd T. Brown, Matthias Cavassini, Tracy R. Glass, Sergio Serrano-Villar, Samantha Mawhinney, Mark Siedner
Summary: Incomplete antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence has been linked to adverse outcomes in people with HIV. The impact of improving adherence on the risk of severe non-AIDS events (SNAEs) and death is unknown.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Dimitrios Basoulis, Nikos Pantazis, Dimitrios Paraskevis, Panos Iliopoulos, Martha Papadopoulou, Karolina Akinosoglou, Angelos Hatzakis, George L. Daikos, Mina Psichogiou
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of pre-cART HIV DNA levels on immune reconstitution and post-cART CD4 count trends. The findings suggest that high HIV RNA and DNA levels are predictors of CD4 cell increase, especially during the first trimester of cART.
Article
Substance Abuse
Ignacio Novo-Veleiro, Ana-M. Mateos-Diaz, Beatriz Roson-Hernandez, Jose-A. Medina-Garcia, Roberto Muga, Joaquim Fernandez-Sola, M. -Candelaria Martin-Gonzalez, Elena Seco-Hernandez, Carlos Suarez-Cuervo, Rafael Monte-Secades, Begona Machado-Prieto, Ruben Puerta-Louro, Cristina Prada-Gonzalez, Alvaro Fernandez-Rial, Patricia Sabio-Repiso, Rocio Vazquez-Vigo, Ana-C. Antoli-Royo, Aina Gomila-Grange, Nieves-C. Felipe-Perez, Arantza Sanvisens-Berge, Emilia Antunez-Jorge, Camino-M. Fernandez-Rodriguez, Lucia Alvela-Suarez, Alba Fidalgo-Navarro, Joaquin Castro, Maria-A. Polvorosa-Gomez, Mario Del Valle-Sanchez, Jose Lopez-Castro, Antonio-J. Chamorro, Miguel Marcos
Summary: This retrospective study analyzed data from a large sample of patients with Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) to examine the variability in thiamine dosages and routes used in the treatment, as well as the factors associated with this variability. The study found a high level of variability in WE treatment, with a low rate of high-dose intravenous thiamine administration. Factors such as delayed diagnosis, Caine criteria fulfillment, mental status alterations, folic acid deficiency, malnutrition, reduced consciousness, and lack of timely thiamine treatment were associated with poor outcomes.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alec Miners, Fiona C. Lampe, Valentina Cambiano, Achim Schwenk, Alison Rodger, Zia Sadique, Sophia Rein, Valerie Delpech, Andrew N. Phillips
Summary: This study aims to understand the healthcare activity and costs associated with caring for people living with HIV. The findings suggest that CD4 cell count and new patient status are the strongest predictors of hospital activity and costs. Demographic factors have weaker associations with costs and activity. These results can be used in future economic evaluations and budget planning.
Article
Infectious Diseases
T. Charles Witzel, Emily Jay Nicholls, Leanne McCabe, Peter Weatherburn, Sheena McCormack, Christopher Bonell, Mitzy Gafos, Fiona C. Lampe, Andrew Speakman, David Dunn, Denise Ward, Andrew N. Phillips, Roger Pebody, Michelle M. Gabriel, Yolanda Collaco-Moraes, Alison J. Rodger, Fiona M. Burns
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between HIV self-testing (HIVST) and harm. The findings show that harms in HIVST are rare, with the potential sources of harm being the testing kit itself, the intervention measures, or the social context of the participants.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Lauren Greenberg, Lene Ryom, Elzbieta Bakowska, Ferdinand C. Wit, Heiner C. L. Bucher, Dominique L. Braun, Andrew Phillips, Caroline Sabin, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, Robert Zangerle, Colette Smith, Stephane De Wit, Fabrice Bonnet, Christian Pradier, Cristina Mussini, Camilla Muccini, Joerg J. Vehreschild, Jennifer Hoy, Veronica M. Svedhem, Jose M. Miro, Jan-Christian Wasmuth, Peter M. Reiss, Josep M. Llibre, Nikoloz Chkhartishvili, Christoph I. Stephan, Camilla Hatleberg, Bastian Neesgaard, Lars Peters, Nadine Jaschinski, Nikos Dedes, Elena Kuzovatova, Marc Van Der Valk, Marianna Menozzi, Clara Lehmann, Kathy Petoumenos, Harmony Garges, Jim Rooney, Lital D. Young, Jens D. Lundgren, Loveleen Bansi-Matharu, Amanda Mocroft, RESPOND D A D Study Grp
Summary: Cancer incidence rates remained stable overall from 2006 to 2021, but there were changes in the rates of specific types of cancer among people with HIV. AIDS-defining cancers and infection-related cancers decreased, while non-AIDS-defining cancers, smoking-related cancers, and BMI-related cancers increased. These findings emphasize the importance of prevention strategies for reducing the incidence of non-AIDS-defining cancers, smoking-related cancers, and BMI-related cancers.
Article
Health Policy & Services
Nadia Hanum, Valentina Cambiano, Dejan Loncar, Sundhiya Mandalia, Alice Sharp, Julianne Lwanga, Juan Tiraboschi, Andrew N. Phillips, Fiona C. Lampe, Eduard J. Beck, Julie Fox
Summary: This study examined the longitudinal changes in sexual behavior and associated factors among newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men from a London HIV clinic. The prevalence of condomless sex initially decreased but then increased over the course of one year. Factors such as recreational drug use, undetectable viral load, and the belief that condoms are unnecessary when viral load is undetectable were associated with higher rates of condomless sex.
AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Daniel Fuster, Cristina Llorente, Xavier Garcia-Calvo, Ferran Bolao, Paola Zuluaga, Anna Hernandez-Rubio, Julia Casado-Carbajo, Alba Leis, Robert Muga
Summary: This study found that fungal biomarkers were commonly present in the plasma of patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and were associated with advanced liver fibrosis, markers of liver damage, monocyte activation, microbial translocation, male gender, and omeprazole use. These findings suggest that the presence of plasma anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies could be used as a biomarker for an elevated risk of progressive liver disease in patients with AUD.
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Federica Cacciamani, Ariane Bercu, Vincent Bouteloup, Leslie Grasset, Vincent Planche, Genevieve Chene, Carole Dufouil
Summary: There is heterogeneity in subjective perception of cognitive changes, despite similar objective cognitive trajectories. This perception is explained by both AD-related and, more robustly, non-AD-related factors. These findings deepen our understanding of the multifaceted nature of subjective cognitive complaints in individuals at risk for dementia and highlight the importance of considering a range of factors when interpreting cognitive complaints.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Vincent Planche, Vincent Bouteloup, Isabelle Pellegrin, Jean-Francois Mangin, Bruno Dubois, Pierre-Jean Ousset, Florence Pasquier, Frederic Blanc, Claire Paquet, Olivier Hanon, Karim Bennys, Mathieu Ceccaldi, Cedric Annweiler, Pierre Krolak-Salmon, Olivier Godefroy, David Wallon, Mathilde Sauvee, Claire Boutoleau-Bretonniere, Isabelle Bourdel-Marchasson, Isabelle Jalenques, Genevieve Chene, Carole Dufouil, MEMENTO Study Grp
Summary: In a clinic-based cohort of patients with subjective cognitive complaint or mild cognitive impairment, blood biomarkers may serve as good indicators of underlying pathology but do not contribute significantly to 5-year dementia risk prediction models that include traditional predictors.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Andrew N. Phillips, Loveleen Bansi-Matharu, Maryam Shahmanesh, James R. Hargreaves, Jennifer Smith, Paul Revill, Euphemia Sibanda, Peter Ehrenkranz, Kenly Sikwese, Alison Rodger, Jens Lundgren, Charles F. Gilks, Catherine Godfrey, Frances Cowan, Valentina Cambiano
Summary: Providing free post-exposure prophylaxis medication to communities without prescription can reduce the incidence of HIV to some extent, but further pilot projects are needed to assess its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)