Article
Engineering, Chemical
Siyuan He, Yuelei Wang, Zongyan Zhou, Jieqing Gan, Aibing Yu, David Pinson
Summary: Granular materials of different sizes and shapes tend to segregate in the axial direction in a rotating drum. Previous studies have mainly focused on spherical particles, while the segregation of non-spherical particles has received limited attention. In this study, we found that ellipsoidal particles with aspect ratio varying from 0.5 to 2.0 can form bands. The results demonstrate that ellipsoids have lower flowability, which reduces the tendency of band formation. Additionally, small particles in the bands come from different regions depending on the particle shape, and the radial size-induced segregation pattern develops quickly.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Elbasher Mohamed Elbasher Ahmed, Indresan Govender, Aubrey Njema Mainza
Summary: Experiments and simulations show that polydisperse granular mixtures in rotating drums exhibit axial segregation, forming (alternating) bands which coarsen over time due to logarithmic merging. Current models mainly focus on bidisperse mixtures and struggle to reproduce band coarsening, with one suggesting that grains diffuse into axial bands due to concentration fluctuations caused by limited mobility. Generalizing this model to multi-species mixtures reveals more complex banding evolution compared to binary mixtures, including sinusoidal-like variations that evolve nonlinearly in time. Interestingly, the study successfully recovers band coarsening over time, a phenomenon that is generally difficult to reproduce, even experimentally. Contrary to previous findings, configurations in this study did not produce nested bands for ternary and quaternary mixtures.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lei Xie, Shuyan Wang, Baoli Shao, Xi Chen, Nuo Ding, Yimei Ma
Summary: This paper applies the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to study the radial mixing and segregation of ellipsoidal particles with different densities in a rotating drum. The results show that light particles tend to accumulate at the periphery of the granular bed, while heavy particles concentrate in the center area. Particle shape affects collision probability and strength, and ellipsoidal particles require more energy for movement.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Bowen Liu, Qing Wang, Zongyan Zhou, Ruiping Zou
Summary: This study investigates the performance of baffles in internally heated rotating drums using the discrete element method (DEM). The results show that a central cross baffle improves mixing and heat transfer significantly, while a peripheral baffle generally weakens the performance.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Wenzheng Xiu, Ra Li, Quan Chen, Qicheng Sun, Vladimir Zivkovic, Hui Yang
Summary: This paper investigates particle sorting in a binary granular system composed of particles with different sizes and the same density. The segregation pattern is mainly influenced by the granular velocity and concentration in the flow layer. Experimental measurements of velocity and concentration were conducted in a quasi-two-dimensional rotating drum to establish the relationship between granular velocity and concentration, and to analyze the corresponding relationships with the segregation pattern. This research aims to improve theoretical models of segregation and provide guidance for granular segregation control in production processes.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hongyu Chen, Milind A. Jog, Douglas E. Evans, Leonid A. Turkevich
Summary: Dustiness evaluation is crucial in estimating potential exposure to toxic, hazardous, or irritant powders. The Rotating Drum is a widely used instrument for assessing powder dustiness, but its aerodynamics during operation is not fully understood. Utilizing computational fluid dynamics to study the flow inside the Rotating Drum can aid in interpreting dustiness measurements and guiding manufacturing processes to generate less dust.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
S. Y. He, J. Q. Gan, D. Pinson, A. B. Yu, Z. Y. Zhou
Summary: The study reveals that in rotating drums, spheres in ellipsoid-sphere mixtures tend to segregate axially to the middle section, with lower segregation degree as the aspect ratio increases. The axial flow induced by frictional end walls and radial segregation are essential for the development of particle shape-induced axial segregation.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kevin Cronin, Nicolas Malterre, Carlos Eduardo Comerlatto, Aiden Sheehan
Summary: This study examines the residence time of spherical particles falling in stationary, Newtonian liquids. Variation in residence time is caused by the Log-Normal distribution of particle diameter and fluctuations in particle velocity due to particle-fluid interaction. Experiments were conducted at different Reynolds numbers using various particle-liquid systems to observe this phenomenon. A novel expression is developed using probability theory to quantify the simultaneous effects of both particle diameter dispersion and irregular particle motion on residence time. This approach provides new insights into settling behavior and can be used to improve residence time uniformity.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
A. N. Huang, X. Wang, W. Y. Hsu, H. P. Kuo
Summary: By studying the effects of the position and size of inner segmentation rings on axial and radial segregation patterns in a rotating drum, it was found that the rings located outside the shear zone independently affect local mixing. The drum mixing index monotonically increases with ring width, and a specific ring width can cause a long-term segregation pattern change.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
A. N. Huang, T. H. Cheng, W. Y. Hsu, C. C. Huang, H. P. Kuo
Summary: DEM simulations were used to study size segregation of binary mixture in a rotating drum with inner diameter variations. The results showed that larger particle enrichment occurs in the smaller inner diameter regions. The effect of inner diameter contracting ratio (CR) on particle dynamics was further investigated, with CR of 0.9 leading to smaller particles moving towards dilated larger inner diameter regions.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
W. Z. Xiu, R. Li, Q. Chen, Q. C. Sun, V. Zivkovic, H. Yang
Summary: In binary-size granular segregation models, the relationship between control parameters and kinetic parameters was studied using machine vision and particle image velocimetry. It was found that the configuration of segregation pattern changes with control parameters, with the ratio of segregation effects to diffusion effects decreasing approximately linearly as the volume flow rate decreases. These experimental results help reveal the mechanism of segregation and provide reference data for improving theoretical models.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sunil Kumar, Salma Khatoon, Jeetram Yogi, Sanjay Kumar Verma, Anshu Anand
Summary: The current investigation focuses on studying the impact of particle shape on the segregation of a bi-disperse mixture of particles in a rotating drum. Various particle parameters such as shape, size, density, and size ratio, as well as system parameters like time and rotational speed, are examined. The results indicate that both the shape of coarse and fine particles influence the mixing process. The choice of particle shape can be used to control segregation in different industrial scenarios.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ran Li, Wenzheng Xiu, Baolin Liu, Gang Zheng, Hui Yang
Summary: Research on the flow of rice particles has shown that it differs from classical spherical particles, often exhibiting multiple velocity peaks. Lowering the rotation speed of the drum can change the flow into an avalanche mode, where particles slide and cover the entire rice particle bed.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qiuhua Miao, Peng Huang, Yifei Ding, Jiaming Guo, Minping Jia
Summary: This paper investigates the particle mixing and segregation behavior in a rotary drum by changing the speed direction of adjacent axial segmentations. The results indicate that better mixing degree is achieved under opposite velocity direction.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhijian Zuo, Jiajie Wang, Xintao Chen, Shuguang Gong, Haishan Lu
Summary: This study explores a novel horizontal split drum design to drive axial segregation of granular matter by two reverse rotating sub-drums. It was found that true axial segregation occurs in the split drum with heavier particles accumulating near the split. Increasing the drum speed accelerates the segregation process but has no significant influence on the final particle distribution. These findings have important implications for the design of particle processing industries.
ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Christine Beaulieu, David Vidal, Carine Niyonkuru, Anthony Wachs, Jamal Chaouki, Francois Bertrand
Summary: The study shows that segregation decreases with increasing particle shape angularity at the same rotational speed. Different-shaped particles exhibit the same sequence of segregation patterns as rotational speed increases, but the transition speed thresholds are shape-dependent.
COMPUTATIONAL PARTICLE MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sepehr Hamzehlouia, Mohammad Latifi, Jamal Chaouki
Summary: A novel silica-based microwave receptor with low carbon content, high layer uniformity, and extreme microwave heating rate was developed, demonstrating excellent potential as a heat generator and catalyst support/promoter in gas-solid fluidized bed reactors.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Shahab Golshan, Gregory S. Patience, Reza Zarghami, Jamal Chaouki, Bruno Blais
Summary: Around 75% of raw materials in the chemical industry and 50% of consumer products are in the form of powders or granular solids. Researchers use various techniques, including fibre optic probes, to study the hydrodynamics of fluid-solid systems. Fibre optic probes are simple, inexpensive, and sensitive tools that can measure local properties such as particle velocity, solids fraction, and voids in heterogeneous systems. MATLAB codes and experimental data are provided as examples for processing raw signals and obtaining information on gas/solids/bubble holdup, particle and bubble velocity, bubble size, and solids flux.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shahab Golshan, Alireza Shams, Roshanak Rabiee, Rouzbeh Jafari, Jamal Chaouki, Bruno Blais
Summary: This study investigates the effect of bed size on the average droplet diameter in a rotating packed bed (RPB) and develops scale-up criteria to maintain the average droplet diameter at a large scale. Experimental data and simulation results are used to determine the correlation between rotating speed, centrifugal force, and surface tension with the average droplet diameter. This research contributes to the wider adoption of RPB technology.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Joseph Santhi Pechsiri, Jean-Baptiste E. Thomas, Naoufel El Bahraoui, Francisco Gabriel Acien Fernandez, Jamal Chaouki, Saad Chidami, Rodrigo Rivera Tinoco, Jose Pena Martin, Cintia Gomez, Michel Combe, Fredrik Grondahl
Summary: This study compares the environmental performance of conventional reactors and a proposed internally illuminated novel closed reactor design. The results show that the novel photobioreactor can significantly reduce impacts such as eutrophication and climate change when leveraging renewable energy sources and the photosynthesis process in urban-industrial symbiosis scenarios.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Amin Solouki, Mohammad Monzavi, Jamal Chaouki
Summary: This study investigated the removal of nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V) from Iranian crude oil using bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) under microwave heating. The results showed that with low microwave powers and a reaction temperature of 250℃, the removal efficiencies of Ni and V could reach up to 63% and 72% respectively after 1 hour of reaction. The demetallization reactions followed a first-order model, with activation energies of 29.8 and 34.7 kJ/mol for Ni and V.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kazem Adavi, Jaber Shabanian, Jamal Chaouki
Summary: Research studies have found that selective heating in gas-solid systems exposed to microwave irradiation can suppress undesired reactions and save energy. However, the effects of various factors on temperature difference and distribution in fixed beds under microwave heating are not well understood. This study used multiphysics simulations to investigate these effects and found that temperature gradient increases with gas velocity and exothermic reactions. Additionally, nonuniform temperature distribution was observed due to limited microwave penetration depth and hotspot formation.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Abdellah Ajji, Jamal Chaouki, Ogul Esen, Miroslav Grmela, Vaclav Klika, Michal Pavelka
Summary: The classical mass action law in chemical kinetics is integrated into the framework of geometric multiscale thermodynamics, enabling the description of chemical reactions with inertial effects. The kinetics is expanded to a larger state space with reaction rates as new state variables, exhibiting a Lie-algebroid dual structure. The dynamics is then enhanced to the Liouville description within the kinetic theory of the enlarged state space, allowing for the inclusion of fluctuations. The lifted kinematics possesses a geometric structure of a matched pair, enabling reduction to moments by a Lie-algebra homomorphism, akin to the Grad hierarchy.
PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Pierre Sauriol, Javad Vahabzadeh Pasikhani, Jaber Shabanian, Jamal Chaouki
Summary: The high velocity injection of gas in a particulate system leads to the formation of a gas-solid structure characterized by enhanced momentum, mass, and heat transfers. This review focuses on the empirical correlations developed to predict the jet penetration length and half-angle at various operating conditions in different bed configurations in gas-solid fluidized beds. It also discusses the advances in modeling efforts, scale-up issues, and proposes an iterative approach for designing and scaling up injection systems in a gas-solid fluidized bed.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ramy Sadek, Mohammad S. Sharawi, Charles Dubois, Hesham Tantawy, Jamal Chaouki
Summary: The developed nanocomposite shows significantly enhanced shielding performance due to the synergistic effect of high dielectric and magnetic loss materials, which modifies the material's impedance and improves its absorption ability.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mohammad Monzavi, Zhaohui Chen, Abdelrahman Hussain, Jamal Chaouki
Summary: This study proposed a method of upgrading heavy oils and plastic waste to high quality products using microwave catalytic pyrolysis. By employing a unique design of the catalyst, sufficient mass and heat transfer and enhanced catalyst surface area were achieved. The addition of LDPE eliminated hazardous elements of heavy oil and promoted secondary and side reactions, resulting in optimized product yield and quality.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mojtaba Mokhtari, Jamal Chaouki
Summary: A reliable estimation of the reactor performance is achieved using a new hydrodynamic model to predict the effect of various parameters on gas holdup, bubble size distribution, and mass transfer coefficient. The study also investigates the influence of catalyst loading, gas velocity, H-2/CO ratio, L/D ratio, pressure, temperature, and catalyst attrition on conversion rate, catalyst productivity, and space-time yield. The results show that catalyst loading, L/D ratio, and temperature increase syngas conversion, while gas velocity and pressure decrease it. The H-2/CO ratio has a maximum conversion at around 2 to 2.5. Catalyst attrition decreases syngas conversion, but constant performance can be maintained with continuous addition of fresh catalyst.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Iman Soleimani, Jaber Shabanian, Jamal Chaouki
Summary: This study proposes two equivalent equations for quantifying interparticle forces (IPFs) in a gas-solid fluidized bed and examines their effects on agglomeration. The first equation, the generalized Umf deviation equation, correlates the magnitude of IPFs to the ratio of experimental and theoretical minimum fluidization velocities. The second equation, the generalized Dynamic Hausner Ratio (DHR) equation, relates the magnitude of IPFs to the agglomerate size as well as the DHR. These equations can be applied in various conditions and help quantify the resultant IPFs acting on particles. The opportunities and limitations of the proposed equations are discussed.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fadoua Laasri, Adrian Carrillo Garcia, Mohammad Latifi, Jamal Chaouki
Summary: This study investigated the decomposition of phosphogypsum (PG) in the presence of carbon monoxide (CO). Experimental results showed that PG decomposes at temperatures above 600 degrees C, yielding mainly CaS at high CO partial pressures and CaO at low CO partial pressures. Thermodynamic simulations confirmed the experimental observations and indicated that a higher CO/CaSO4 molar ratio leads to a higher conversion rate.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Houssam Bouaboula, Mohammed Ouikhalfan, Ismael Saadoune, Jamal Chaouki, Abdelghafour Zaabout, Youssef Belmabkhout
Summary: This study aims to optimize the design and operation of a pilot-scale green ammonia plant powered by renewable energy sources. A novel Techno-Economic (TE) modeling approach is proposed to address the intermittency and unpredictability of renewable energy sources. By considering different site locations with consistent yearly meteorological data and using an original Energy Management Strategy (EMS), the TE model efficiently reduces fluctuation and increases energy production. The results show that the implemented EMS leads to a significant increase in the HB Load Factor (LF) and a reduction in the Levelized Cost of Ammonia (LCOA). The PV/Battery scenario is found to be the most optimal with a projected potential cost reduction in the future.
