Article
Cell Biology
Jayashree Srinivasan, Anusha Vasudev, Carolyn Shasha, Hilary J. Selden, Encarnacion Perez Jr, Bonnie LaFleur, Shripad A. Sinari, Andreas Krueger, Ellen R. Richie, Lauren I. R. Ehrlich
Summary: Age-related thymus involution is caused by decreased T-cell production, which results in increased vulnerability to pathogens and reduced response to vaccines. Understanding the mechanisms of thymus involution can help develop strategies to restore T-cell production in older individuals. The number of early T-cell progenitors (ETPs) declines as early as 3 months of age in mice, indicating changes in thymic stromal niches and/or pre-thymic progenitors. The study also reveals a reduction in pre-thymic lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow and blood, suggesting a decrease in the quality of the niches in the bone marrow and thymus. Notch signaling in both bone marrow lymphoid progenitors and ETPs diminishes, further contributing to the decline in ETPs. These findings demonstrate the importance of diminished lymphopoiesis and stromal support in the age-related thymus involution process.
Editorial Material
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Michael Spencer Chapman, Jyoti Nangalia
Summary: The study demonstrates that most allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells do not acquire additional somatic mutations post-transplantation, but suggests that the antiviral drug ganciclovir may contribute to some post-transplant malignancies through somatic mutagenesis.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Anastasia Leshchyk, Qingyan Xiang, Stacy L. Andersen, Anastasia Gurinovich, Zeyuan Song, Joseph H. Lee, Kaare Christensen, Anatoliy Yashin, Mary Wojczynski, Karen Schwander, Thomas T. Perls, Stefano Monti, Paola Sebastiani
Summary: This study found that mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) increase with age and play a significant role in aging-related diseases and mortality. The distribution of mCAs in centenarians and individuals with familial longevity was investigated. The results showed that the accumulation of mCAs reaches a plateau at around 102 years, and centenarians and their offspring have fewer mCAs compared to controls. Genetic factors such as APOE E4 allele and gender also influence the occurrence of mCAs. mCAs are associated with increased risk of cancer, dementia, and possibly mortality.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Abraham Aviv
Summary: Approximately 25 trillion erythrocytes circulate in the bloodstream of an adult human, outnumbering leukocytes by a factor of about 1000. The turnover rate of erythrocytes accounts for approximately 76% of the turnover rate of all circulating blood cells. Therefore, erythropoiesis is the main factor causing telomere shortening in hematopoietic cells, which has significant implications for understanding the relationship between telomere length dynamics, health, and lifespan in modern humans.
Review
Hematology
Maria Teresa Voso, Giulia Falconi, Emiliano Fabiani
Summary: Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs) are diseases occurring in patients treated with chemo- and/or radiotherapy for a primary cancer or an autoimmune disorder, with genetic factors and previous disease history playing significant roles. Treatment options for t-MNs include new drugs and allogeneic stem cell transplantation as the best therapeutic choice for fit patients with unfavorable genetic profiles.
Article
Neurosciences
Hamsanandini Radhakrishnan, Margo F. Ubele, Stephanie M. Krumholz, Kathy Boaz, Jennifer L. Mefford, Erin Denhart Jones, Beverly Meacham, Jeffrey Smiley, Laszlo G. Puskas, David K. Powell, Christopher M. Norris, Craig E. L. Stark, Elizabeth Head
Summary: Tacrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor, can prevent age-related microstructural atrophy in the brain, decrease neurite density index in the hippocampal and parahippocampal regions, reduce orientation dispersion index, and protect against a decrease in fractional anisotropy in the prefrontal cortex. These microstructural changes precede cognitive decline and gross atrophy.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Mina Alimohammadi, Shima Makaremi, Ali Rahimi, Vahid Asghariazar, Mahdi Taghadosi, Elham Safarzadeh
Summary: Aging is associated with physiological changes and an increased risk of chronic diseases. Inflammatory processes and abnormal DNA methylation during aging contribute to the development of various human disorders.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Anna Fernandez-Pinteno, Rachel Pilla, Xavier Manteca, Jan Suchodolski, Celina Torre, Anna Salas-Mani
Summary: This study aimed to explore the relationship between gut microbiota, gut health, and aging process in dogs of different ages. The findings revealed minor differences in the composition of the gut microbiota and the relative amount of short-chain fatty acids among different age groups of dogs. However, larger studies representing all age groups are needed to confirm these results.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Fabiana Da Silva Lima, Carlos Eduardo Da Silva Goncalves, Ricardo Ambrosio Fock
Summary: There has been a global increase in the older population in recent decades, leading to complex metabolic and epigenetic changes that may trigger health complications. Older individuals may experience reduced dietary intake or nutrient absorption, affecting tissues with high nutrient requirements. Hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell formation, is particularly susceptible to factors like aging and micronutrient deficiency, including zinc. This review aims to explore the relationship between zinc and the regulation of hematopoietic tissue, shedding light on its potential role in age-related disorders.
Article
Cell Biology
Ziyuan He, Marissa D. Fahlberg, Naofumi Takahashi, Nadia Slisarenko, Namita Rout, Elizabeth S. Didier, Marcelo J. Kuroda
Summary: The study found a reduced production of neutrophils and an increase in plasma G-CSF levels in elderly rhesus macaques, which may contribute to chronic inflammation and higher susceptibility to infectious and noninfectious diseases.
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yasuhito Nannya
Summary: Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is the expansion of clones carrying driver mutations in individuals without hematologic abnormalities. Age and the inflammatory bone marrow environment are key factors in CH acquisition. Recent studies have revealed the detailed pathophysiology of CH clones, including their expansion mechanisms and interaction with the environment.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silvia Ravera, Esteban Colombo, Claudio Pasquale, Stefano Benedicenti, Luca Solimei, Antonio Signore, Andrea Amaroli
Summary: Photobiomodulation therapy is an interesting candidate for the recovery of nerve damage by affecting mitochondrial bioenergetics. Specific wavelengths and parameters of light therapy have shown reliable efficacy in rats and humans.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Liana Basova, Nikki Bortell, Bruno Conti, Howard S. Fox, Richard Milner, Maria Cecilia Garibaldi Marcondes
Summary: The aging process is influenced by genetics and lifestyle, which can impact the quality of late life and lifespan. Maintaining brain health is crucial for healthy aging. Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a histone deacetylase, has been experimentally linked to health and longevity. In this study, we compared brain pathogenesis and Sirt1-chromatin binding dynamics in elder rhesus macaques of different ages. Our findings revealed significant differences in microglia marker Iba1, as well as factors influencing Sirt1 levels and activity, between the shorter-lived and longer-lived animals. We also observed a correlation between Sirt1 levels and the microRNA mir142 in longer-lived brains. Overall, the study highlights the importance of preserving microglia and enhancing Sirt1 functional efficiency for longevity.
Review
Cell Biology
Alessandro Allegra, Santino Caserta, Giuseppe Mirabile, Sebastiano Gangemi
Summary: Abnormal DNA methylation patterns are a trait of cancer cells, and age-related epigenetic changes may partly explain the increased risk of cancer in the elderly. Understanding these changes is crucial for preventing and treating age-related disorders, as epigenetic mechanisms are reversible.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Oystein Bruserud, Anh Khoi Vo, Hakon Rekvam
Summary: Anemia and systemic signs of inflammation are common in elderly individuals and are associated with decreased survival. The underlying biological context for these conditions includes the hallmarks of aging and altered inflammatory and immune function.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Kelly C. Higa, James DeGregori
Article
Biology
Andrii Rozhok, James DeGregori
Article
Hematology
Pavel Davizon-Castillo, Brandon McMahon, Sonia Aguila, David Bark, Katrina Ashworth, Ayed Allawzi, Robert A. Campbell, Emilie Montenont, Travis Nemkov, Angelo D'Alessandro, Nathan Clendenen, Lauren Shih, Natalie A. Sanders, Kelly Higa, Allaura Cox, Zavelia Padilla-Romo, Giovanni Hernandez, Eric Wartchow, George D. Trahan, Eva Nozik-Grayck, Kenneth Jones, Eric Pietras, James DeGregori, Matthew T. Rondina, Jorge Di Paola
Article
Oncology
Jennifer L. Guida, Tim A. Ahles, Daniel Belsky, Judith Campisi, Harvey Jay Cohen, James DeGregori, Rebecca Fuldner, Luigi Ferrucci, Lisa Gallicchio, Leonid Gavrilov, Natalia Gavrilova, Paige A. Green, Chamelli Jhappan, Ronald Kohanski, Kevin Krull, Jeanne Mandelblatt, Kirsten K. Ness, Ann O'Mara, Nathan Price, Jennifer Schrack, Stephanie Studenski, Olga Theou, Russell P. Tracy, Arti Hurria
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2019)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Andrii Rozhok, James DeGregori
BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2019)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Catherine Pham-Danis, James DeGregori
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Andrii I. Rozhok, James DeGregori
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
James DeGregori
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Antoine M. Dujon, Athena Aktipis, Catherine Alix-Panabieres, Sarah R. Amend, Amy M. Boddy, Joel S. Brown, Jean-Pascal Capp, James DeGregori, Paul Ewald, Robert Gatenby, Marco Gerlinger, Mathieu Giraudeau, Rodrigo K. Hamede, Elsa Hansen, Irina Kareva, Carlo C. Maley, Andriy Marusyk, Nicholas McGranahan, Michael J. Metzger, Aurora M. Nedelcu, Robert Noble, Leonard Nunney, Kenneth J. Pienta, Kornelia Polyak, Pascal Pujol, Andrew F. Read, Benjamin Roche, Susanne Sebens, Eric Solary, Katerina Stankova, Holly Swain Ewald, Frederic Thomas, Beata Ujvari
Summary: The integration of ecological and evolutionary principles into cancer research has become increasingly important in the past 50 years. It is crucial to broaden the research directions and stimulate novel approaches at the interface of oncology and ecological and evolutionary sciences. Effective cross-disciplinary collaborations among experts in ecology, evolution, and cancer are essential to address current and future questions about cancer.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kelly C. Higa, Andrew Goodspeed, James S. Chavez, Marco De Dominici, Etienne Danis, Vadym Zaberezhnyy, Jennifer L. Rabe, Daniel G. Tenen, Eric M. Pietras, James DeGregori
Summary: The study found that chronic exposure to interleukin-113 (IL-113) can induce Cebpa loss, leading to increased myeloid lineage output. In addition, overexpression of the CEBPA gene may reduce the fitness of acute myeloid leukemias, resulting in increased differentiation.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel Promislow, Rozalyn M. Anderson, Marten Scheffer, Bernard Crespi, James DeGregori, Kelley Harris, Barbara Natterson Horowitz, Morgan E. Levine, Maria A. Riolo, David S. Schneider, Sabrina L. Spencer, Dario Riccardo Valenzano, Michael E. Hochberg
Summary: Aging research involves diverse disciplines, but lacks communication between them. Researchers propose that the concept of resilience can act as a bridge to connect these disciplines, thereby advancing research in the biology of aging.
Review
Oncology
Fabio Marongiu, James DeGregori
Summary: Aging is a major risk factor for cancer and other diseases. Recent studies have shown that aging leads to the accumulation of cancer-associated mutations in normal tissues, causing the formation of expanded clones. Additionally, aged tissue microenvironments promote the initiation and progression of malignancies.
MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Eric M. Pietras, James DeGregori
Summary: Transgenic knockin mice expressing a common loss-of-function mutation in human TET2 exhibit accelerated myeloid leukemia development related to aging, along with skewing of myelopoiesis towards the production of proinflammatory MHC-IIhi monocytes, suggesting a potential contribution to the disease.
Article
Biology
Hae J. Park, Mark A. Gregory, Vadym Zaberezhnyy, Andrew Goodspeed, Craig T. Jordan, Jeffrey S. Kieft, James DeGregori
Summary: The bone marrow microenvironment provides protection to AML cells from FLT3 inhibitor drugs through the activation of ATM and upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation. Combination therapy with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus and the FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib effectively reduces tumor burden and prevents relapse in AML xenograft models.
Editorial Material
Genetics & Heredity
Marco De Dominici, James DeGregori
Summary: The incidence of keratinocyte skin cancer varies across different populations. A study comparing somatic mutations in the normal skin of individuals from the UK and Singapore shows distinct mutational landscapes that may contribute to differential risk.