Review
Biology
Sara Hagg, Juulia Jylhava
Summary: Aging is a complex biological process with substantial individual variability between men and women. Women generally live longer than men but are frailer at the end of life, while men perform better in physical function examinations. Many age-related diseases exhibit sex-specific patterns.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Christine M. Madla, Francesca K. H. Gavins, Hamid A. Merchant, Mine Orlu, Sudaxshina Murdan, Abdul W. Basit
Summary: There is a clear gender gap in pharmaceutical research, with women experiencing more adverse reactions and suboptimal drug therapy than men. Researchers are recommended to consider sex differences in methodologies and analyses to strengthen scientific rigor and promote personalized medicine.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Janos Vag, Tamas Laszlo Nagy, Barbara Mikecs
Summary: Sex hormones have an influence on gingival blood flow, with males having higher baseline blood flow and more pronounced endothelium-dependent vasodilation. This may contribute to the increased severity of periodontal disease in men.
Review
Neurosciences
Elisa Granocchio, Marinella De Salvatore, Elisa Bonanomi, Daniela Sarti
Summary: This article reviews the research on sex-related differences in the human brain over the past 40 years, particularly in regards to differences in reading ability. It has been found that females perform better in reading tasks and are less susceptible to dyslexia compared to males. These differences are usually explained by environmental factors and genetic differences.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biology
Kathryn V. Walter, Daniel Conroy-Beam, David M. Buss, Kelly Asao, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Piotr Sorokowski, Toivo Aavik, Grace Akello, Mohammad Madallh Alhabahba, Charlotte Alm, Naumana Amjad, Afifa Anjum, Chiemezie S. Atama, Derya Atamturk Duyar, Richard Ayebare, Carlota Batres, Mons Bendixen, Aicha Bensafia, Boris Bizumic, Mahmoud Boussena, Marina Butovskaya, Seda Can, Katarzyna Cantarero, Antonin Carrier, Hakan Cetinkaya, Ilona Croy, Rosa Maria Cueto, Marcin Czub, Daria Dronova, Seda Dural, Izzet Duyar, Berna Ertugrul, Agustin Espinosa, Ignacio Estevan, Carla Sofia Esteves, Luxi Fang, Tomasz Frackowiak, Jorge Contreras Garduno, Karina Ugalde Gonzalez, Farida Guemaz, Petra Gyuris, Maria Halamova, Iskra Herak, Marina Horvat, Ivana Hromatko, Chin-Ming Hui, Jas Laile Jaafar, Feng Jiang, Konstantinos Kafetsios, Tina Kavcic, Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair, Nicolas Kervyn, Truong Thi Khanh Ha, Imran Ahmed Khilji, Nils C. Kobis, Hoang Moc Lan, Andras Lang, Georgina R. Lennard, Ernesto Leon, Torun Lindholm, Trinh Thi Linh, Giulia Lopez, Nguyen Van Luot, Alvaro Mailhos, Zoi Manesi, Rocio Martinez, Sarah L. McKerchar, Norbert Mesko, Girishwar Misra, Conal Monaghan, Emanuel C. Mora, Alba Moya-Garofano, Bojan Musil, Jean Carlos Natividade, Agnieszka Niemczyk, George Nizharadze, Elisabeth Oberzaucher, Anna Oleszkiewicz, Mohd Sofian Omar-Fauzee, Ike E. Onyishi, Baris Ozener, Ariela Francesca Pagani, Vilmante Pakalniskiene, Miriam Parise, Farid Pazhoohi, Annette Pisanski, Katarzyna Pisanski, Edna Ponciano, Camelia Popa, Pavol Prokop, Muhammad Rizwan, Mario Sainz, Svjetlana Salkicevic, Ruta Sargautyte, Ivan Sarmany-Schuller, Susanne Schmehl, Shivantika Sharad, Razi Sultan Siddiqui, Franco Simonetti, Stanislava Yordanova Stoyanova, Meri Tadinac, Marco Antonio Correa Varella, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Luis Diego Vega, Dwi Ajeng Widarini, Gyesook Yoo, Marta Marta Zat'kova, Maja Zupancic
Summary: The relationship between sex ratio and human mating behaviors and preferences has been explored, revealing that people tend to have more demanding preferences for attractiveness and resources in areas where the opposite sex is abundant.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Isabelle Coales, Stergios Tsartsalis, Nurun Fancy, Maria Weinert, Daniel Clode, David Owen, Paul M. Matthews
Summary: Sex differences in the transcriptome of human myeloid cells may contribute to the sex difference observed in AD prevalence. AD risk genes, gene signatures associated with AD inflammatory response, and genes related to proinflammatory immune response are enriched in microglial cells and peripheral monocytes from female donors. These findings suggest that a myeloid cell phenotype biased towards expression of biological processes relevant to AD may partly explain the increased prevalence of AD in women.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Sebastian R. Schreglmann, Tomas Goncalves, Melissa Grant-Peters, Demis A. Kia, Lilach Soreq, Mina Ryten, Nicholas W. Wood, Kailash P. Bhatia, Kazunori Tomita
Summary: Age is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, and telomere shortening with age is a known phenomenon. However, the changes in telomere length in the brain and its association with neurodegenerative diseases are still unknown.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Alessia Argiro, Carolyn Ho, Sharlene M. Day, Jolanda van der Velden, Elisabetta Cerbai, Sara Saberi, Jil C. Tardiff, Neal K. Lakdawala, Iacopo Olivotto
Summary: Cardiomyopathies are diseases characterized by primary functional and structural abnormalities of the heart muscle. The most effective classification is based on the presenting phenotype. Sex modulates the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and course of cardiomyopathies. Differences in ion channel expression and left ventricular remodeling exist between male and female patients. Societal and environmental factors may also contribute to clinical differences between sexes.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Biology
Manuel Spitschan, Nayantara Santhi, Amrita Ahluwalia, Dorothee Fischer, Lilian Hunt, Natasha A. Karp, Francis Levi, Ines Pineda-Torra, Parisa Vidafar, Rhiannon White
Summary: Growing evidence suggests that sex differences have a significant impact on various aspects of human biology. This review focuses on exploring the influence of sex on the circadian and sleep physiology of humans and identifies a data gap in investigating the non-visual effects of light. A virtual workshop on the biomedical implications of sex differences in sleep and circadian physiology highlights the need for inclusive and accessible research design, recruitment strategies to achieve a balanced sample size, utilization of data visualization to understand the influence of sex, statistical analyses that incorporate sex as a factor, and making participant-level data open for future meta-analytic efforts.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jolanda J. Wentzel, Michail I. Papafaklis, Antonios P. Antoniadis, Saeko Takahashi, Nicholas V. Cefalo, Michelle Cormier, Shigeru Saito, Ahmet U. Coskun, Peter H. Stone
Summary: There are differences in anatomical characteristics and endothelial shear stress (ESS)-related plaque growth between men and women with atherosclerosis. Coronary artery and plaque size are smaller in women compared to men, but ESS and ESS-related plaque progression were similar. However, stratification for age showed that ESS-related plaque growth was more marked in young women compared to men.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Minyu Liao, Zachary Braunstein, Xiaoquan Rao
Summary: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality globally. Sex differences in CVD and the impact of air pollution-related CVD on different sexes have been neglected. This review comprehensively evaluates the sex differences in air pollution-related CVD and provides insights into better prevention and therapeutic strategies.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Bethany D. D. Skinner, Samuel R. C. Weaver, Samuel J. E. Lucas, Rebekah A. I. Lucas
Summary: This study compared cerebrovascular-CO2 responsiveness between females in different phases of the menstrual cycle and males, and found that females have enhanced vasoconstrictive capacity of the middle cerebral artery during ovulation and mid-luteal phase, while males have weaker cerebrovascular-CO2 responsiveness.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Orit Uziel, Hadar Dickstein, Einat Beery, Yael Lewis, Ron Loewenthal, Eran Uziel, Zipi Shochat, Abraham Weizman, Daniel Stein
Summary: The length of telomeres in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients is shorter and does not recover after inpatient treatment. Patients with the restricting type of AN have longer telomeres compared to those with the binge/purge type. Age is the only factor associated with telomere shortening.
Article
Anesthesiology
Joshua Aviram, Gil M. Lewitus, Yelena Vysotski, Paula Berman, Anna Shapira, Shiri Procaccia, David Meiri
Summary: Studies have shown that women are more susceptible to adverse effects from conventional drugs. This study aimed to investigate the differences of medical cannabis-related adverse effects between women and men in patients with chronic noncancer pain. The results showed that women reported more medical cannabis-related adverse effects, possibly due to both the inherent sex effect and the consumption of specific phytocannabinoid compositions.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Babken Asatryan, Lauren Yee, Yael Ben-Haim, Stephan Dobner, Helge Servatius, Laurent Roten, Hildegard Tanner, Lia Crotti, Jonathan R. Skinner, Carol Ann Remme, Philippe Chevalier, Argelia Medeiros-Domingo, Elijah R. Behr, Tobias Reichlin, Katja E. Odening, Andrew D. Krahn
Summary: Sex-related differences in cardiac channelopathies are increasingly recognized, with varying risks and clinical features between men and women in different conditions, mainly influenced by age and sex hormones. While sex-specific predictors have been identified, gaps in the mechanistic understanding of these differences remain, highlighting the need for further research to address these disparities and improve patient outcomes.
