Article
Microbiology
Daniel Clemente de Moraes, Ana Claudia Tessis, Rodrigo Rollin-Pinheiro, Jefferson Luiz Princival, Jose Augusto Ferreira Perez Villar, Leandro Augusto Barbosa, Eliana Barreto-Bergter, Antonio Ferreira-Pereira
Summary: The poor outcome of treatments for fungal infections is due to increasing resistance to antifungal agents. This study evaluates the ability of digoxin and its derivatives to inhibit an efflux pump in yeast and reverse fluconazole resistance. The results show that these compounds enhance the antifungal activity of fluconazole, inhibit efflux, and impair the activity of the efflux pump, suggesting their potential use in combination with fluconazole to treat resistant fungal infections.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jakob Vowinckel, Johannes Hartl, Hans Marx, Martin Kerick, Kathrin Runggatscher, Markus A. Keller, Michael Muelleder, Jason Day, Manuela Weber, Mark Rinnerthaler, Jason S. L. Yu, Simran Kaur Aulakh, Andrea Lehmann, Diethard Mattanovich, Bernd Timmermann, Nianshu Zhang, Cory D. Dunn, James MacRae, Michael Breitenbach, Markus Ralser
Summary: The study reveals that petite cells suffer from an insufficient capacity to synthesize glutamate, glutamine, leucine and arginine, negatively impacting their growth rate. Fast growth overcomes these amino acid deficiencies by alleviating a perturbation in mitochondrial iron metabolism and restoring a defect in the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sen Qiao, Xiaofang Luo, Hui Wang, Yue Fang, Lili Zhang
Summary: Valproic acid (VPA) affects the cell wall integrity (CWI) in the yeast S. pombe primarily through the target gene vas4(+) / vrg4(+), which encodes the Golgi GDP-mannose transporter Vrg4.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Yuichi Morozumi, Kazuhiro Shiozaki
Summary: TORC1 is a conserved serine/threonine-protein kinase complex in eukaryotes that plays a critical role in coordinating cellular growth and metabolism. Aberrant TORC1 signaling is associated with cancers and various human diseases. Studies on RAG small GTPases and their regulators have led to breakthroughs in understanding the molecular bases of TORC1 regulation, revealing both conserved and divergent mechanisms between yeasts and mammals.
Article
Biology
Brooke Zanco, Christen K. Mirth, Carla M. Sgro, Matthew D. W. Piper
Summary: Research on fruit flies shows that the influence of protein and carbohydrates on lifespan is indirect, affecting the distribution of dietary sterols. Supplementing with cholesterol can rescue the shortened lifespan caused by high protein: carbohydrate diets. This highlights the complex and indirect effects of nutrient-dependent trade-offs on life histories.
Article
Microbiology
Melissa Tan, Yanis Caro, Alain Shum Cheong Sing, Heloise Reiss, Jean-Marie Francois, Thomas Petit
Summary: Yeast volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have potential as natural aromas and can replace artificial flavors, with unconventional yeast strains showing promise in producing alternative VOCs. A Saprochaete suaveolens strain isolated from dragon fruit in Reunion Island demonstrated enhanced production of alpha-unsaturated esters through UV mutagenesis, marking a significant advancement in VOC enhancement in microbial strains.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mrinal Sharma, Prranshu Yadav, Ankita Doshi, Hemang D. Brahmbhatt, C. Ratna Prabha
Summary: The study examined the effects of six double mutants derived from the ubiquitin mutant UbEP42 on cell functions, finding that the double mutation L50P-I61T had the most detrimental impact. Overall, these double mutations made cells more sensitive, and the negative effects under certain conditions could be compensated for by each other.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Water Resources
Mohaddeseh Zahmatkesh Anbarani, Afsaneh Esmaeili Nasrabadi, Ziaeddin Bonyadi
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of S. cerevisiae in removing PS from aqueous solutions. BBD was used to determine the optimal removal conditions. The maximum PS removal efficiency was 98.81% under optimized conditions. Based on the results, it can be concluded that S. cerevisiae can be used as a natural and environmentally friendly biocoagulant to remove PS.
APPLIED WATER SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Luc Legon, Charalampos Rallis
Summary: Cellular models such as yeasts, which have simpler genomes, shorter lifespans and abundant genetic resources, play an important role in biogerontology research. Yeasts have contributed to the understanding of fundamental aspects of lifespan regulation, including nutrient response, protein translation, DNA damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and autophagy. The use of automation and computational tools has allowed for the manipulation and analysis of genome-wide lifespan data, leading to a comprehensive view of cellular ageing.
BRIEFINGS IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Huong Thi Phuong, Yuki Ishiwata-Kimata, Yukio Kimata
Summary: Upon ER stress, cells initiate the unfolded protein response (UPR) through Ire1. This study investigates how the accumulation of misfolded transmembrane proteins in the ER induces UPR. The authors find that GFP-tagged Ire1 co-localizes with aggregated Pma1-2308-mCherry on the ER membrane. A specific point mutation in Ire1 impairs its activation upon lipid bilayer stress (LBS), compromising the co-localization and UPR induced by Pma1-2308-mCherry. The study suggests that Pma1-2308-mCherry affects the properties of the ER membrane at aggregation sites, leading to Ire1 recruitment, self-association, and activation.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francisco Gutierrez-Santiago, Francisco Navarro
Summary: Ribosomes are vital for protein production, and their biogenesis is regulated by cellular energy status and stress signals. In eukaryotic cells, stress signals and newly-synthesized ribosomes require transcription by RNA polymerases. The Target of Rapamycin pathway in eukaryotes influences RNA polymerase transcription to ensure proper ribosome production. This review focuses on how TOR regulates transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the coordination of three RNA polymerases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christopher J. Herbert, Sylvie Labarre-Mariotte, David Cornu, Cyrielle Sophie, Cristina Panozzo, Thomas Michel, Genevieve Dujardin, Nathalie Bonnefoy
Summary: Mitochondrial translation in yeast is controlled by specific translational activators, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe showing differences in the presence of these activators. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the factors Cbp7 and Cbp8 play a role in controlling the production of Cytb, affecting mRNA stability and protein detection. Additionally, diverse mitochondrial ribosomes in Schizosaccharomyces pombe may modulate translation specifically based on the mRNA being translated.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Huili Xia, Lingling Shangguan, Sheng Chen, Qiao Yang, Xiaoling Zhang, Lan Yao, Shihui Yang, Jun Dai, Xiong Chen
Summary: This study focuses on the biosynthesis of 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) using whole-cell bioconversion with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is found that the addition of rapamycin (Rap) can enhance the efficiency of 2-PE synthesis by increasing the flux of the Ehrlich pathway. The key role of GLN3 in the regulation of Rap is also identified. Commercial yeast is verified to be applicable for 2-PE production. The results demonstrate a new approach for the efficient synthesis of 2-PE.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jitka Laurent, Nore Struyf, An Bautil, Albina Bakeeva, Mikolaj Chmielarz, Marika Lyly, Beatriz Herrera-Malaver, Volkmar Passoth, Kevin J. Verstrepen, Christophe M. Courtin
Summary: A diet low in FODMAPs can help reduce symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, but avoiding cereal grain products may lead to nutritional deficiencies. Developing low-FODMAP, high-fiber cereal grain products using K. marxianus in bread production can effectively reduce fructan levels and maintain fructan and fructose levels below the threshold for low-FODMAP products.
FOOD AND BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tomoaki Mizuno, Kenji Irie
Summary: Selective autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum in yeast, known as ER-phagy, is regulated by multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors, with Atg39 and Atg40 serving as receptors and Msn2/4 transcription factors identified as regulators of ATG39 transcription.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Lucillia Bezu, Oliver Kepp, Guido Kroemer
Summary: Intratumoral injection of oncolytic agents or local administration of non-viral oncolytic therapies can activate an anticancer immune response, while local anesthetics injected into malignant lesions also possess antineoplastic effects. Combining local anesthetics with immune checkpoint inhibition can significantly improve overall survival. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the combination therapy's efficacy are summarized.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Yan Qiu, Benjamin Fernandez-Garcia, H. Immo Lehmann, Li Guoping, Guido Kroemer, Carlos Lopez-Otin, Xiao Junjie
Summary: Exercise plays an active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health. It has been widely accepted as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for various diseases. Exercise maintains and restores homeostasis at multiple levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations that protect against pathological conditions.
JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Norbert J. Tripolt, Sebastian J. Hofer, Peter N. Pferschy, Faisal Aziz, Sylvere Durand, Fanny Aprahamian, Nitharsshini Nirmalathasan, Mara Waltenstorfer, Tobias Eisenberg, Anna M. A. Obermayer, Regina Riedl, Harald Kojzar, Othmar Moser, Caren Sourij, Heiko Bugger, Abderrahim Oulhaj, Thomas R. Pieber, Matthias Zanker, Guido Kroemer, Frank Madeo, Harald Sourij
Summary: The effects of fasting on glucose metabolism were examined in non-obese and obese participants and people with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that after 36 hours of fasting, glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels were significantly decreased. Non-obese participants had higher glucose levels but lower insulin levels after 36 hours of fasting, while no significant differences were observed in obese participants or people with diabetes. Insulin sensitivity improved in all cohorts after 36 hours of fasting. Metabolomics analysis revealed subtle baseline differences and attenuated metabolic response to fasting in obese participants and people with diabetes.
Review
Cell Biology
Lucille Ferret, Karla Alvarez-Valadez, Jennifer Riviere, Alexandra Muller, Natalia Bohalova, Luo Yu, Lionel Guittat, Vaclav Brazda, Guido Kroemer, Jean-Louis Mergny, Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny
Summary: Guanine-quadruplex structures (G4) are formed by guanine-rich DNA and RNA sequences and control gene expression mechanisms. G4 ligands have been developed for potential therapeutic applications in human diseases. Recent evidence suggests that G4 ligands may target cellular components such as lysosomes and mitochondria.
Article
Sport Sciences
Layale Youssef, Sylvere Durand, Fanny Aprahamian, Deborah Lefevre, Melanie Bourgin, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Maude Dulac, Guy Hajj-Boutros, Vincent Marcangeli, Fanny Buckinx, Eva Peyrusque, Jose A. Morais, Pierrette Gaudreau, Gilles Gouspillou, Guido Kroemer, Mylene Aubertin-Leheudre, Philippe Noirez
Summary: Physical activity and nutrition are important for preventing adverse health outcomes in aging. This study investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with citrulline (CIT) supplementation on serum metabolites in obese older adults. Results showed significant changes in 44 metabolites after the 12-week intervention, with 10 of them more affected by HIIT combined with CIT. Decreased triglycerides and aspartic acid were correlated with reduced adiposity-related parameters. Arginine, triglycerides, and aspartic acid may serve as biomarkers for cardiometabolic health and adiposity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Laurence Zitvogel, Guido Kroemer
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Julia Kaellberg, Alexandra Harrison, Valerie March, Santa Berzina, Ivan Nemazanyy, Oliver Kepp, Guido Kroemer, Sophie Mouillet-Richard, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Valerie Taly, Wenjin Xiao
Summary: The high mortality rate in colorectal cancer (CRC) is mainly due to drug resistance caused by intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). This study investigated the interaction between different molecular subtypes of CRC cells and found that coculturing CMS1 and CMS4 cells increased their resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and promoted cellular invasion. The secretome of CMS1 cells played a protective role for CMS4 cells against 5-FU treatment and mediated the transfer of metabolites between CMS1 and CMS4 cells.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Jing Zhang, Christina Trojel-Hansen, Jianghuang Wang, Zili Zhang, Xing Wang, Yuhui Qiao, Huike Jiao, Mickael Michaud, Oliver Kepp, Marja Jäättelä, Guido Kroemer, Qing Zhong
Summary: An experimental inducer of TNF-independent necrosis, NC1, kills human cancer cells in a non-apoptotic, necrotic manner. The cell death induced by NC1 is not inhibited by apoptosis-related pathways, but depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by mitochondria and elimination of mitochondrial DNA. These findings suggest that inducing regulated necrosis may be a promising approach for anticancer therapy.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Melanie Bourgin, Sylvere Durand, Guido Kroemer
Summary: Multiple studies have investigated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity on various metabolomes to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The literature lacks consensus on the utility of metabolomic analyses for COVID-19 management, hence necessitating a critical assessment. Comparing mass spectrometric metabolomic studies on specimens from SARS-CoV2-infected patients, this study aims to identify relevant biomarkers by analyzing clinical design, technical aspects, and statistical analyses. Several metabolites in the plasma of COVID-19 patients may contribute to excessive inflammatory reactions and deficient immune control, revealing significant connections between whole-body metabolism and disease progression. Overall, mass spectrometric approaches show great potential for biomarker discovery if methodological standardization is implemented.
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mahmoud Abdellatif, Lea Montegut, Guido Kroemer
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Andrew Maltez Thomas, Marine Fidelle, Bertrand Routy, Guido Kroemer, Jennifer A. Wargo, Nicola Segata, Laurence Zitvogel
Summary: Many studies have identified Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as biomarkers for predicting immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy. There is an association between oncogenesis and intestinal dysbiosis, and GOMS are shared between patients with various cancer subtypes and individuals with chronic inflammatory disorders. This review discusses these patterns, presents findings from a meta-analysis of GOMS associated with clinical benefit from ICIs, and proposes practical guidelines for incorporating GOMS in decision-making in immuno-oncology.
NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Anne-Gaelle Goubet, Mathieu Rouanne, Lisa Derosa, Guido Kroemer, Laurence Zitvogel
Summary: The clinical management of advanced malignancies of the upper and lower urinary tract has been revolutionized with the advent of immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs). Bacteria infecting urothelium could be a prominent target for triggering antitumour immune responses. The authors discuss the influence of urinary tract infections on kidney and bladder cancer immunosurveillance and consider the urobiome and the effects of antibiotics.
NATURE REVIEWS UROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Oliver Kepp, Peng Liu, Guido Kroemer, Lorenzo Galluzzi
Summary: BCL2 robustly maintains mitochondrial integrity, inhibits immune signaling and cell death, and limits the ability of dendritic cells to initiate adaptive immune responses, suggesting a universal immunosuppressive function for the mitochondrial immune checkpoint.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Marine Fidelle, Ai-Ling Tian, Laurence Zitvogel, Guido Kroemer
Summary: In a recent paper published in Science, Fidelle et al. reveal a gut immune checkpoint that is disrupted by antibiotic treatment. The dysbiosis in the ileum after antibiotic treatment leads to an increase in bile acids, which downregulates MAdCAM-1, resulting in the migration of immunosuppressive T cells from gut-associated lymphoid tissues towards tumors.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Marine Fidelle, Isabelle Lebhar, Laurence Zitvogel, Guido Kroemer
Summary: In a recent paper published in Nature, Park et al. propose a mechanism by which intestinal dysbiosis can affect the effectiveness of immunotherapy targeting the PD-L1/PD-1 interaction. Dysbiosis may increase the expression of PD-L2, which interacts with RGMb. Antibodies targeting PD-L2/RGMb have the potential to restore the response to PD-1 blockade in the context of dysbiosis.