Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Adam T. Ahern, Frank Erdesz, Nicholas L. Wagner, Charles A. Brock, Ming Lyu, Kyra Slovacek, Richard H. Moore, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Daniel M. Murphy
Summary: This paper presents an improved imaging nephelometer, LiNeph, for measuring the directionality and polarization of light with high temporal resolution. It can be deployed in both airborne and ground-based measurements, and has been verified during the 2019 FIREX-AQ campaign.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yayong Liu, Yufei Huang, John Liggio, Katherine Hayden, Cris Mihele, Jeremy Wentzell, Michael Wheeler, Amy Leithead, Samar Moussa, Conghui Xie, Yanrong Yang, Yuheng Zhang, Tianran Han, Shao-Meng Li
Summary: Forest fire research has improved our understanding of fire emissions and impacts, but the evolution of forest fire plumes remains poorly understood. In this study, a chemical transport model was developed to simulate the transport and chemical transformations of plumes from a boreal forest fire. Comparisons between simulation results and measurements showed that the model can accurately reproduce the physical and chemical evolution of forest fire plumes, providing an important tool for understanding the downwind impacts of forest fire plumes.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Sandrine Bony, Marie Lothon, Julien Delanoe, Pierre Coutris, Jean-Claude Etienne, Franziska Aemisegger, Anna Lea Albright, Thierry Andre, Hubert Bellec, Alexandre Baron, Jean-Francois Bourdinot, Pierre-Etienne Brilouet, Aurelien Bourdon, Jean-Christophe Canonici, Christophe Caudoux, Patrick Chazette, Michel Cluzeau, Celine Cornet, Jean-Philippe Desbios, Dominique Duchanoy, Cyrille Flamant, Benjamin Fildier, Christophe Gourbeyre, Laurent Guiraud, Tetyana Jiang, Claude Lainard, Christophe Le Gac, Christian Lendroit, Julien Lernould, Thierry Perrin, Frederic Pouvesle, Pascal Richard, Nicolas Rochetin, Kevin Salaun, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Guillaume Seurat, Bjorn Stevens, Julien Totems, Ludovic Touze-Peiffer, Gilles Vergez, Jessica Vial, Leonie Villiger, Raphaela Vogel
Summary: This paper presents the airborne operations, instrumentation, data processing, and datasets produced from the ATR measurements during the EUREC(4)A field campaign. The results demonstrate the consistency of ATR measurements of humidity, wind, cloud base cloud fraction, and water-isotopic composition. It also confirms that the repeated flight patterns of ATR and HALO provide statistically consistent sampling of trade-wind clouds and their environment.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Saiaf Bin Rayhan, Xue Pu
Summary: In the past two decades, there have been significant developments in aircraft crashworthiness, thanks to modern computing systems and commercial finite element codes. However, the design of the fuselage section with an onboard auxiliary fuel tank has presented challenges in installing an efficient energy absorber. To address this issue, a PVC composite foam and aluminum plate were introduced beneath the fuel tank to enhance the crashworthiness metrics of the fuselage. Experimental results showed that reinforcing the foam and plate improves the kinetic energy absorption by 3.54% and contributes 20% to the total internal energy dissipation. Numerical outcomes also indicated a 41% reduction in maximum stress on the cabin floor surface and a decrease in maximum peak acceleration responses of the cabin floor at different locations by 6% to 36%.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Andreas Huenig, Oliver Appel, Antonis Dragoneas, Sergej Molleker, Hans-Christian Clemen, Frank Helleis, Thomas Klimach, Franziska Koellner, Thomas Boettger, Frank Drewnick, Johannes Schneider, Stephan Borrmann
Summary: This paper presents the design, development, and characteristics of a novel aerosol mass spectrometer called ERICA. The instrument combines two well-established methods of real-time in situ measurements of fine particle chemical composition. The ERICA is capable of reliably measuring single particles and characterizing their chemical composition under extreme conditions.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kaoru Wada, Toshio Kuwai, Syuhei Sugata, Takuro Hamada, Riho Moriuchi, Yuzuru Tamaru, Ryusaku Kusunoki, Atsushi Yamaguchi, Hirotaka Kouno, Sauid Ishaq, Hiroshi Kohno
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a newly developed proximal release-type colonic stent in treating malignant colorectal obstructions. The results showed that the stent was highly effective in treating lesions near the anal verge, but caution should be exercised when considering the indications for rectosigmoid colon lesions.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Ewan Crosbie, Michael Shook, Jeffrey S. Reid, Maria Obiminda L. Cambaliza, James Bernard B. Simpas, Luke Ziemba, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Phu Nguyen, F. Joseph Turk, Edward Winstead, Claire E. Robinson, Jian Wang, Jiaoshi Zhang, Yang Wang, Subin Yoon, James Flynn, Sergio L. Alvarez, Ali Behrangi, Armin Sorooshian
Summary: This study utilized measurements and back trajectories to investigate the meteorological processes, aerosol composition, and emission sources involved in long-range transport into the tropical Northwest Pacific. The results revealed differences in gas composition and transport patterns during different monsoon periods, providing insights into the complex interactions between aerosols and meteorology in the region.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Carsten Warneke, Joshua P. Schwarz, Jack Dibb, Olga Kalashnikova, Gregory Frost, Jassim Al-Saad, Steven S. Brown, Wm Alan Brewer, Amber Soja, Felix C. Seidel, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Richard H. Moore, Bruce E. Anderson, Carolyn Jordan, Tara Yacovitch, Scott C. Herndon, Shang Liu, Toshihiro Kuwayama, Daniel Jaffe, Nancy Johnston, Vanessa Selimovic, Robert Yokelson, David M. Giles, Brent N. Holben, Philippe Goloub, Ioana Popovici, Michael Trainer, Aditya Kumar, R. Bradley Pierce, David Fahey, James Roberts, Emily M. Gargulinski, David A. Peterson, Xinxin Ye, Laura H. Thapa, Pablo E. Saide, Charles H. Fite, Christopher D. Holmes, Siyuan Wang, Matthew M. Coggon, Zachary C. J. Decker, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Lu Xu, Georgios Gkatzelis, Kenneth Aikin, Barry Lefer, Jackson Kaspari, Debora Griffin, Linghan Zeng, Rodney Weber, Meredith Hastings, Jiajue Chai, Glenn M. Wolfe, Thomas F. Hanisco, Jin Liao, Pedro Campuzano Jost, Hongyu Guo, Jose L. Jimenez, James Crawford
Summary: The NOAA/NASA Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) experiment aimed to study the impact of fires on regional and global environments and air quality. The experiment measured trace gas and aerosol emissions, observed fire dynamics, assessed fire modeling, and examined connections to ground and satellite observables. The experiment involved aircraft, satellites, mobile laboratories, and ground sites.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
M. Wendisch, M. Brueckner, S. Crewell, A. Ehrlich, J. Notholt, C. Luepkes, A. Macke, J. P. Burrows, A. Rinke, J. Quaas, M. Maturilli, V. Schemann, M. D. Shupe, E. F. Akansu, C. Barrientos-Velasco, K. Baerfuss, A-M Blechschmidt, K. Block, I. Bougoudis, H. Bozem, C. Boeckmann, A. Bracher, H. Bresson, L. Bretschneider, M. Buschmann, D. G. Chechin, J. Chylik, S. Dahlke, H. Deneke, K. Dethloff, T. Donth, W. Dorn, R. Dupuy, K. Ebell, U. Egerer, R. Engelmann, O. Eppers, R. Gerdes, R. Gierens, I. V. Gorodetskaya, M. Gottschalk, H. Griesche, V. M. Gryanik, D. Handorf, B. Harm-Altstaedter, J. Hartmann, M. Hartmann, B. Heinold, A. Herber, H. Herrmann, G. Heygster, I. Hoeschel, Z. Hofmann, J. Hoelemann, A. Huenerbein, S. Jafariserajehlou, E. Jaekel, C. Jacobi, M. Janout, F. Jansen, O. Jourdan, Z. Juranyi, H. Kalesse-Los, T. Kanzow, R. Kaethner, L. L. Kliesch, M. Klingebiel, E. M. Knudsen, T. Kovacs, W. Koertke, D. Krampe, J. Kretzschmar, D. Kreyling, B. Kulla, D. Kunkel, A. Lampert, M. Lauer, L. Lelli, A. von Lerber, O. Linke, U. Loehnert, M. Lonardi, S. N. Losa, M. Losch, M. Maahn, M. Mech, L. Mei, S. Mertes, E. Metzner, D. Mewes, J. Michaelis, G. Mioche, M. Moser, K. Nakoudi, R. Neggers, R. Neuber, T. Nomokonova, J. Oelker, I. Papakonstantinou-Presvelou, F. Paetzold, V. Pefanis, C. Pohl, M. van Pinxteren, A. Radovan, M. Rhein, M. Rex, A. Richter, N. Risse, C. Ritter, P. Rostosky, V. V. Rozanov, E. Ruiz Donoso, P. Saavedra Garfias, M. Salzmann, J. Schacht, M. Schaefer, J. Schneider, N. Schnierstein, P. Seifert, S. Seo, H. Siebert, M. A. Soppa, G. Spreen, I. S. Stachlewska, J. Stapf, F. Stratmann, I. Tegen, C. Viceto, C. Voigt, M. Vountas, A. Walbroel, M. Walter, B. Wehner, H. Wex, S. Willmes, M. Zanatta, S. Zeppenfeld
Summary: The (AC)(3) project, established in 2016, collected a wealth of data on the physical, chemical, and meteorological properties of the Arctic atmosphere, cryosphere, and upper ocean. Short-term changes and long-term trends in Arctic climate parameters have been identified, such as increased atmospheric moistening, regional storm activities, winter warming in specific regions, and decreasing sea ice thickness and snow depth on sea ice. The project also made advancements in atmospheric-ocean and radiative transfer models, and discovered local marine/biogenic sources for cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles. Cross-cutting activities are being developed to further synthesize the results and answer key questions.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Correction
Environmental Sciences
Robert Hanfland, Margit Pattantyus-Abraham, Cornelia Richter, Dominik Brunner, Christiane Voigt
AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Johanna Mayer, Florian Ewald, Luca Bugliaro, Christiane Voigt
Summary: The cloud thermodynamic phase is crucial in understanding various Earth processes. Spaceborne active remote sensing is reliable but lacks large-scale observations and high repetition rates, whereas passive instruments like SEVIRI provide broader coverage but face challenges in remote sensing of the thermodynamic phase. This study evaluates the contribution of SEVIRI-like observations to cloud phase investigation and highlights the need for dedicated algorithms for all cloud phases. The findings reveal the distribution and occurrence of different cloud phases and the limitations of an AI-based ice cloud detection algorithm.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Valerian Hahn, Ralf Meerkoetter, Christiane Voigt, Sonja Gisinger, Daniel Sauer, Valery Catoire, Volker Dreiling, Hugh Coe, Cyrille Flamant, Stefan Kaufmann, Jonas Kleine, Peter Knippertz, Manuel Moser, Philip Rosenberg, Hans Schlager, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Jonathan Taylor
Summary: In this study, comprehensive in situ measurements of microphysical properties of low-level clouds over tropical West Africa were conducted using the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) aircraft Falcon 20 during the DACCIWA campaign in June and July 2016. The results show that pollution leads to an increase in cloud droplet number concentration and a decrease in cloud droplet size, which has an impact on atmospheric cooling.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Silke Gross, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Qiang Li, Martin Wirth, Benedikt Urbanek, Martina Kraemer, Ralf Weigel, Christiane Voigt
Summary: Aviation has significant impacts on the Earth's atmosphere and climate through changes in cloud cover and radiative forcing. The effects of aviation-induced aerosols on cirrus cloud properties are not well understood, but recent studies suggest that soot emissions from aviation may lead to larger ice particle sizes and lower ice crystal concentrations in affected cirrus clouds compared to pristine ones.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Manuel Moser, Christiane Voigt, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Valerian Hahn, Guillaume Mioche, Olivier Jourdan, Regis Dupuy, Christophe Gourbeyre, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Johannes Lucke, Yvonne Boose, Mario Mech, Stephan Borrmann, Andre Ehrlich, Andreas Herber, Christof Luepkes, Manfred Wendisch
Summary: Airborne in situ cloud measurements were conducted over the northern Fram Strait in the Arctic, and the comprehensive cloud data provided insights into the differences in cloud microphysics and cloud phase between spring and summer. The study also investigated the effects of ambient meteorological conditions and surface conditions on cloud properties. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of clouds and their thermodynamic phase in the Arctic radiation budget and the evaluation of climate models in the region.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Julia Pikmann, Lasse Moormann, Frank Drewnick, Stephan Borrmann
Summary: This study presents a system called AERTRACC that can independently sample different aerosol types using separate sampling media, controlled by online measurements of particle, trace gas, and meteorological variables. The system allows for more efficient separation of source-related aerosols from the background by automatically adjusting sampling conditions.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Andreas Marsing, Ralf Meerkoetter, Romy Heller, Stefan Kaufmann, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Martina Kraemer, Christian Rolf, Christiane Voigt
Summary: The radiative energy budget in the Arctic is rapidly changing, with cirrus clouds playing a vital role in the interaction with radiation. In this study, in situ measurements of ice water content (IWC) were used to derive the radiative properties of cirrus clouds in the Arctic. The results showed that the vertical distribution of IWC in cirrus clouds controls the instantaneous radiative effect in both long and short wavelength regimes. The study also highlighted the importance of considering surface albedo for accurate estimations of the radiative energy budget in the Arctic.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dominik Brunner, Gerrit Kuhlmann, Stephan Henne, Erik Koene, Bastian Kern, Sebastian Wolff, Christiane Voigt, Patrick Joeckel, Christoph Kiemle, Anke Roiger, Alina Fiehn, Sven Krautwurst, Konstantin Gerilowski, Heinrich Bovensmann, Jakob Borchardt, Michal Galkowski, Christoph Gerbig, Julia Marshall, Andrzej Klonecki, Pascal Prunet, Robert Hanfland, Margit Pattantyus-Abraham, Andrzej Wyszogrodzki, Andreas Fix
Summary: Power plants and large industrial facilities are responsible for more than half of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The Copernicus program of the European space agency aims to quantify these emissions through monitoring satellites. This study evaluates the simulation of CO2 plumes from power plants using different atmospheric transport models and demonstrates the importance of model resolution in capturing turbulent plume structures.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yun Li, Christoph Mahnke, Susanne Rohs, Ulrich Bundke, Nicole Spelten, Georgios Dekoutsidis, Silke Gross, Christiane Voigt, Ulrich Schumann, Andreas Petzold, Martina Kraemer
Summary: In this study, microphysical, optical, and environmental properties of contrail and natural cirrus were examined. It was found that pure contrail cirrus has higher ice particle concentration, smaller mass mean radius, and lower ice water content compared to the mixture of contrail, natural, and liquid-origin cirrus. The study also observed that contrail cirrus is more likely to occur in slightly ice-subsaturated air.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chuan-Yao Lin, Wan-Chin Chen, Yi-Yun Chien, Charles C. K. Chou, Chian-Yi Liu, Helmut Ziereis, Hans Schlager, Eric Forster, Florian Obersteiner, Ovid O. Kruger, Bruna A. Holanda, Mira L. Poehlker, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Birger Bohn, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Benjamin Weyland, Maria Dolores Andres Hernandez, John P. Burrows
Summary: A long-range biomass burning event on 19 March 2018 had a significant environmental impact on surrounding areas in Asia, as indicated by elevated concentrations of various chemical species. Modeling results revealed that biomass burning aerosols from Indochina had a substantial impact on downstream regions, particularly in southern China, Taiwan, and the East China Sea.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Antonis Dragoneas, Sergej Molleker, Oliver Appel, Andreas Huenig, Thomas Boettger, Markus Hermann, Frank Drewnick, Johannes Schneider, Ralf Weigel, Stephan Borrmann
Summary: This study reports on the development of a fully automated aerosol mass spectrometer for measurements on unpressurized aircraft at high altitudes. The instrument combines the advantages of two real-time aerosol mass spectrometry techniques to perform in situ analysis of aerosol chemical composition. The instrument, named ERICA, successfully operated aboard a research aircraft at altitudes up to 20 km, collecting chemical composition information of single particles and aerosol ensembles. The field deployments aimed to study the Asian tropopause aerosol layer.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Martin Heinritzi, Manuel Granzin, Timo Keber, Andreas Kurten, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Joachim Curtius
Summary: In this study, the first airborne measurements of ambient ions in the free troposphere and lower stratosphere above Europe were conducted using a high-resolution atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HR-APi-TOF-MS). The measured ions, including nitrate and hydrogen sulfate, showed an increasing count rate with higher altitudes. The study also inferred the number concentration of gaseous sulfuric acid from the count rates of core ions. During the transit through a mixed-phase cloud, an event of enhanced ion count rates and aerosol particle concentrations, largely attributed to nitrate ions and particles, was observed.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Roger Teoh, Ulrich Schumann, Edward Gryspeerdt, Marc Shapiro, Jarlath Molloy, George Koudis, Christiane Voigt, Marc E. J. Stettler
Summary: This paper quantifies aviation emissions and contrail climate forcing in the North Atlantic over 5 years and finds that CO2 and nitrogen oxide emissions have outpaced the increase in flight distance. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant reductions in aviation emissions, flight distance, and contrail net climate forcing. Factors associated with strongly warming/cooling contrails include meteorology, time, cloud fields, and engine emissions.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ovid O. Krueger, Bruna A. Holanda, Sourangsu Chowdhury, Andrea Pozzer, David Walter, Christopher Poehlker, Maria Dolores Andres Hernandez, John P. Burrows, Christiane Voigt, Jos Lelieveld, Johannes Quaas, Ulrich Poeschl, Mira L. Poehlker
Summary: The first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant reduction in human activities, creating unprecedented atmospheric conditions. By measuring vertical profiles of black carbon (BC) aerosol particles, we found a substantial decrease in BC mass concentrations and particle number concentrations. Model simulations showed that meteorological conditions and flight patterns contributed to a portion of the BC mass concentration reduction, but about 41% of the reduction can be attributed to reduced anthropogenic emissions.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)