Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xinguang Cui, Wei Song, Yuan Xue, Hao Jing, Ming Lei, Honglei Ma, Xinxing He, Pengfei Zou, Bin Wu, Jintao Wang
Summary: This study uses numerical simulations to investigate the characteristics of micro-lunar dust (LD) deposition in the human nasal airway. The results show that the size of LD and astronauts' activity level influence the deposition characteristics. The findings can be used to assess the health risks and develop protective measures against LD exposure.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Kaniz Moriam, Daisuke Sawada, Kaarlo Nieminen, Yibo Ma, Marja Rissanen, Nicole Nygren, Chamseddine Guizani, Michael Hummel, Herbert Sixta
Summary: The study presented strategies to improve fiber toughness by tuning spinneret geometries. Experimental studies and numerical simulations were used to understand the effects, and the highest fiber toughness was found to be achieved at a capillary aspect ratio of 1 to 2. The Ioncell fibers obtained high toughness potential to replace synthetic fibers by modulating the spinneret geometries.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Michele Dario Manniello, Sana Hosseini, Ali Alfaifi, Amir R. Esmaeili, Arun Kolanjiyil, Ross Walenga, Andrew Babiskin, Dennis Sandell, Reza Mohammadi, Theodore Schuman, Michael Hindle, Laleh Golshahi
Summary: This study investigated the in vitro deposition pattern of two different locally-acting nasal suspension sprays using anatomically accurate nasal replicas, revealing important implications for understanding the bioequivalence of these sprays.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anna Sophie Winkler, Alessandro Cherubini, Francesco Rusconi, Nadia Santo, Laura Madaschi, Clelia Pistoni, Giorgia Moschetti, Maria Lucia Sarnicola, Mariacristina Crosti, Lorenzo Rosso, Paolo Tremolada, Lorenza Lazzari, Renato Bacchetta
Summary: This study investigated the effects of airborne microplastics on human airway organoids. The researchers found that microplastic fibers released from synthetic clothes did not inhibit organoid growth, but led to a significant reduction in gene expression related to cell functionality and polarized cell growth. The microplastic fibers were also coated with a cellular layer, which could have long-term implications for lung epithelial cell repair.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chang Xu, Xin Zheng, Shifei Shen
Summary: A numerical study was conducted on the effects of ambient temperature and humidity on the transportation of sodium chloride particles in a human airway model. The results indicated that particle size growth and deposition efficiency were influenced by humidity conditions, with supersaturation-induced condensation significantly promoting particle deposition, especially in cold-dry conditions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kaniz Moriam, Marja Rissanen, Daisuke Sawada, Michael Altgen, Leena-Sisko Johansson, Dmitry Victorovitch Evtyugin, Chamseddine Guizani, Michael Hummel, Herbert Sixta
Summary: The article presents a method for producing novel hydrophobic fibers using Ioncell technology by incorporating nature-derived hydrophobic additives, simplifying the process without the need for additional steps. The resulting fibers exhibit hydrophobicity and potential for scalability and industrial applications, offering a more eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative for the cellulosic textile industry.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Seong Gyu Lee, Sang-Nam Lee, Junki Baek, Joo-Heon Yoon, Hyungsuk Lee
Summary: The study revealed that compressive stress increased the oscillation speed of cilia in human nasal epithelial cells, leading to enhanced ciliary beating frequency and mucociliary transportability. The reorganization of the cytoskeleton in response to compressive stress plays a role in increasing ciliary beating speed to prevent mucus stagnation in the early stage of airway obstruction.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fabian Sommer, Bettina Sonntag, Nikolai Rastl, Monika Summerer, Barbara Tartarotti
Summary: Climate warming has various impacts on the Alpine region, particularly on winter sports tourism, leading to the construction of mountain reservoirs for artificial snow making. The planktonic communities in these reservoirs are affected not only by the harsh environmental conditions of the alpine region but also by rapid water level fluctuations. This study focused on ciliates and found that their abundance and community composition in the mountain reservoirs were influenced by local factors like pH, nutrients, water transparency, and crustacean predators.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Hao Jing, Haiwen Ge, Li Wang, Qizhi Zhou, Liang Chen, Sanghun Choi, Xinguang Cui
Summary: Studying airflow characteristics in the human respiratory system is crucial for understanding aerosol transport and deposition. This study utilized a whole-lung airway model to investigate airflow fields and flow unsteadiness. The findings reveal that secondary flow and airflow unsteadiness in the thin bronchial airway are stronger than previously reported, emphasizing the importance of further research in this area using suitable models.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mohammad Hazeri, Mohammad Faramarzi, Sasan Sadrizadeh, Goodarz Ahmadi, Omid Abouali
Summary: This study reconstructed accurate 3D models of the nasal cavities from ten healthy subjects using CT scan images to investigate the transport and deposition features of different regions of the nasal cavity. Results showed significant variations among different subjects in terms of total deposition fraction in the nasal cavities.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cun Li, Jingjing Huang, Yifei Yu, Zhixin Wan, Man Chun Chiu, Xiaojuan Liu, Shuxin Zhang, Jian-Piao Cai, Hin Chu, Gang Li, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Kelvin Kai-Wang To, Zifeng Yang, Shibo Jiang, Kwok-yung Yuen, Hans Clevers, Jie Zhou
Summary: The high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants is attributed to immune escape. BA.5 showed significantly increased replicative capacity and infectivity in human respiratory epithelial cells. BA.5 has a higher entry efficiency and fusogenic activity, promoting viral spread through syncytium formation in the airway epithelium, while its replicative capacity in alveolar cells is attenuated, which may explain its milder clinical manifestation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Natsumi Saito, Akiko Kikuchi, Mutsuo Yamaya, Xue Deng, Mitsuru Sugawara, Shin Takayama, Ryoichi Nagatomi, Tadashi Ishii
Summary: Kakkonto extract can reduce the production of specific pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to rhinovirus (RV) infection, suggesting its potential as an effective therapy to inhibit inflammation caused by RV and subsequent airway inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Khashayar Moshksayan, Hojat Bahmanzadeh, Mohammad Faramarzi, Sasan Sadrizadeh, Goodarz Ahmadi, Omid Abouali
Summary: In this study, airflow and micro-particle deposition in the nasal airway of a middle-aged man were simulated to investigate the impact of virtual transnasal sphenoidotomy surgery. The results showed that transnasal sphenoidotomy significantly reduced particle deposition in the targeted sinus compared to virtual transethmoidal sphenoidotomy, with a shift towards smaller particle diameters. This suggests that endoscopic transnasal sphenoidotomy may be a better option for sphenoid surgeries, reducing bacterial contamination and lowering surgical side effects.
COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Manash Pratim Borthakur, Sauro Succi, Fabio Sterpone, Franck Perot, Anxhelo Diko, Simone Melchionna
Summary: In this study, numerical simulations were used to investigate airflow dynamics and particle transport in the human nasal cavity, revealing that particle size and breathing rate influence deposition patterns; smaller particles penetrate deeper while larger particles agglomerate near the anterior region. Increasing flow rate enhances particle penetration, and the complex interplay of finite particle size and flow inertia determines particle deposition patterns. These findings highlight the effectiveness of advanced simulation frameworks for targeting respiratory disorders.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Davide D'Angelo, Stefan Kooij, Frank Verhoeven, Fabio Sonvico, Cees van Rijn
Summary: This study optimized a method for evaluating the nasal deposition and coverage of innovative nasal spray nozzles. It was found that aerosol formulations with droplets of 15-25 μm in size could be uniformly deposited in the nasal cavity, with less than 10% passing beyond the nasopharyngeal region.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
(2023)