Protective effect of allicin against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

In this study, the modulator effect of allicin on the oxidative nephrotoxicity of gentamicin in the kidneys of rats was investigated by determining indices of lipid peroxidation and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as by histological analyses. Furthermore, the effect of allicin on gentamicin induced hypersensitivity of urinary bladder rings to ACh was estimated. Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups, control, gentamicin (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and gentamicin + allicin (50 mg/kg, orally). At the end of the study, all rats were sacrificed and then urine, blood samples and kidneys were taken. Gentamicin administration caused a severe nephrotoxicity as evidenced by an elevated kidney/body weight ratio, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and proteinuria with a reduction in serum albumin and creatinine clearance as compared with control group. In addition, a significant increase in renal contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NOx) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) concomitantly with a significant decrease in renal reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities was detected upon gentamicin injection. Exposure to gentamicin increased the sensitivity of isolated urinary bladder rings to ACh and induced acute renal tubular epithelial cells necrosis. Administration of allicin significantly decreased kidney/body weight ratio, serum creatinine, LDH, renal MDA, MPO, NOx and TNF-alpha while it significantly increased creatinine clearance, renal GSH content and renal SOD activity when compared to gentamicin-treated group. Additionally, allicin significantly reduced the responses of isolated bladder rings to ACh and ameliorated tissue morphology as evidenced by histological evaluation. Our study indicates that allicin exerted protection against structural and functional damage induced by gentamicin possibly due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in addition to its ability to retaining nitric oxide level. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.