Determination of the aggregation number and charge of ionic surfactant micelles from the stepwise thinning of foam films

The stepwise thinning (stratification) of liquid films, which contain micelles of an ionic surfactant, depends on the micelle aggregation number, N-agg, and charge, Z. Vice versa, from the height of the step and the final film thickness one can determine N-agg, Z. and the degree of micelle ionization. The determination of N-agg is based on the experimental fact that the step height is equal to the inverse cubic root of the micelle concentration. In addition, Z is determined from the final thickness of the film, which depends on the concentration of counterions dissociated from the micelles in the bulk. The method is applied to micellar solutions of six surfactants, both anionic and cationic: sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), sodium laurylethersulfates with 1 and 3 ethylene oxide groups (SLES-1EO and SLES-3E0), and potassium myristate. The method has the following advantages: (i) N-agg and Z are determined simultaneously, from the same set of experimental data; (ii) N-agg and Z are determined for each given surfactant concentration (i.e. their concentration dependence is obtained), and (iii) N-agg and Z can be determined even for turbid solutions, like those of carboxylates, where the micelles coexist with acid-soap crystallites, so that the application of other methods is difficult. The results indicate that the micelles of greater aggregation number have a lower degree of ionization, which can be explained with the effect of counterion binding. The proposed method is applicable to the concentration range, in which the films stratify and the micelles are spherical. This is satisfied for numerous systems representing scientific and practical interest. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.