Article
Oncology
Larry Mansouri, Birna Thorvaldsdottir, Stamatia Laidou, Kostas Stamatopoulos, Richard Rosenquist
Summary: Genetics plays a crucial role in the clinical diagnostics of lymphomas, helping to subclassify the disease and stratify patient risk. Recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing technologies have provided a detailed understanding of the genomic landscape of various lymphoma entities, revealing a diverse genetic background. These studies have improved our understanding of lymphoma ontogeny and evolution and have identified potential genetic markers that can enhance lymphoma diagnostics and prognostication. However, the number of gene mutations with predictive impact for treatment selection remains limited. This review highlights clinically relevant diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers in lymphomas and discusses the potential of comprehensive genomic characterization for precision diagnostics and tailored therapy strategies.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lin Bao, Xuejing Cui, Monika Mortimer, Xiaoyu Wang, Junguang Wu, Chunying Chen
Summary: The severe imbalance between supply and demand in organ resection or severe tissue damage poses life-threatening risks. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as promising platforms due to their unique properties. CNTs are commonly used as additives in tissue engineering scaffolds to modify structure, porosity, mechanical strength, and more. This review summarizes the applications and design strategies of CNTs in various tissue engineering fields and discusses their potential biosafety risks and solutions. Future developments of CNTs in tissue engineering are also speculated.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yu Meng, Congcong Wang, Lijie Song, Zewen Su, Yaojun Jiang, Yanbang Lian, Gongxun Bai, Qingxia Fan
Summary: A nanocomposite film based on Bi2Se3 nanosheets and carbon nanotubes has been designed in this study, which can efficiently convert light into heat and generate reactive oxygen species under near-infrared laser irradiation. The film also demonstrates good biocompatibility in vivo. The multifunctional film shows significant therapeutic effects, providing important reference for the synergistic therapy of photothermal and photodynamic therapy.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Nader I. Al-Dewik, Salma N. Younes, Musthafa Mohamed Essa, Surajit Pathak, M. Walid Qoronfleh
Summary: Translational medicine plays a vital role in improving treatment strategies and patient outcomes, with biomarkers being an important component in clinical applications. However, the clinical validation of biomarkers remains challenging, widening the gap between research and application.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sanghwa Jeong, Eduardo Gonzalez-Grandio, Nicole Navarro, Rebecca L. Pinals, Francis Ledesma, Darwin Yang, Markita P. Landry
Summary: The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has driven a surge in demand for rapid and efficient viral infection diagnostic tests, leading to a shortage in diagnostic test consumables. A new method using carbon nanotubes and ssDNA sequences has been developed to achieve high-yield extraction of viral nucleic acids, with a 100% extraction yield of target SARS-CoV-2 RNA. This method allows direct extraction of nucleic acids from human saliva, bypassing the need for further biofluid purification and commercial extraction kits.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Margot Karlikow, Severino Jefferson Ribeiro da Silva, Yuxiu Guo, Seray Cicek, Larissa Krokovsky, Paige Homme, Yilin Xiong, Talia Xu, Maria-Angelica Calderon-Pelaez, Sigrid Camacho-Ortega, Duo Ma, Jurandy Junior Ferraz de Magalhaes, Barbara Nayane Rosario Fernandes Souza, Diego Guerra de Albuquerque Cabral, Katariina Jaenes, Polina Sutyrina, Tom Ferrante, Andrea Denisse Benitez, Victoria Nipaz, Patricio Ponce, Darius G. Rackus, James J. Collins, Marcelo Paiva, Jaime E. Castellanos, Varsovia Cevallos, Alexander A. Green, Constancia Ayres, Lindomar Pena, Keith Pardee
Summary: Paper-based diagnostic tests combined with a portable device perform well for the diagnosis of Zika and chikungunya viruses in low-resource settings, as shown by double-blinded studies.
NATURE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Noora Alhajri, Mohammad Rustom, Adedayo Adegbile, Weshah Ahmed, Salsabeel Kilidar, Nariman Afify
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. Network medicine, an emerging field, aims to understand the complex mechanisms of disease by studying the disrupted relationships between biological components. It has potential implications for future research and approaches in cardiovascular disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wenquan Shi, Qiurui Han, Jiajia Wu, Chunyu Ji, Yiqun Zhou, Shanghao Li, Lipeng Gao, Roger M. Leblanc, Zhili Peng
Summary: In this study, top-down syntheses of carbon dots (CDs) from four different carbon precursors were conducted. The optical properties and surface functionalities of the CDs showed similarity and were mainly affected by the synthesis method, whereas the sizes, morphologies, chemical compositions, and core structures of the CDs were heavily influenced by the carbon precursors. The formation processes and structural models of these CDs were proposed based on the systematic study. Furthermore, the cell cytotoxicity and photothermal conversion efficiency of the CDs were evaluated, demonstrating their potential applications in photothermal therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Richard Rosenquist, Elsa Bernard, Tom Erkers, David W. Scott, Raphael Itzykson, Philippe Rousselot, Jean Soulier, Martin Hutchings, Paivi Ostling, Lucia Cavelier, Thoas Fioretos, Karin E. Smedby
Summary: Genetic testing has been used in clinical routine diagnostics of hematological malignancies for years to improve disease classification, prognostication, patient management, and survival. Recent classifications of hematological malignancies define disease subtypes based on key recurrent genetic alterations detected by conventional methods. Through advanced sequencing techniques, broad genomic tests can now be applied to identify clinically important markers. Precision diagnostics have been implemented in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies to guide treatment selection and improve survival. The potential of monitoring measurable residual disease and functional precision medicine is also discussed.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Pathology
Jerald P. Radich, Edward Briercheck, Daniel T. Chiu, Manoj P. Menon, Olga Sala Torra, Cecilia C. S. Yeung, Edus H. Warren
Summary: Most cancer cases occur in LMICs where the necessary infrastructure for optimal cancer care is lacking. However, examples of novel partnerships and creative solutions suggest that with determination, creativity, persistence, and some luck, precision medicine may be possible in these countries.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
August Kohls, Mackenzie Maurer Ditty, Fahimeh Dehghandehnavi, Si-Yang Zheng
Summary: Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) have numerous advantages that make them highly desirable in biomedical applications. This review discusses the utilization of VACNTs in sensing, biomolecule filtration systems, cell stimulation, regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and bacteria inhibition, and compares them to the traditionally nonaligned, randomly oriented nanotubes.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yinan Zhao, Tianyi Zhao, Yingnan Cao, Jiao Sun, Quan Zhou, Huiying Chen, Shutao Guo, Yifeng Wang, Yuhong Zhen, Xing-Jie Liang, Shubiao Zhang
Summary: The combination of peptide lipid (PL) and sucrose laurate (SL) coated carbon nanotubes has shown great potential for achieving controlled release of genes for anti-tumor activity through photothermal effects. The resulting SCNT-PS/siRNA delivery system exhibited high anti-tumor activity and efficient systemic delivery to tumor sites.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Emmanuel Picheau, Anthony Impellizzeri, Dmitry Rybkovskiy, Maxime Bayle, Jean-Yves Mevellec, Ferdinand Hof, Hassan Saadaoui, Laure Noe, Abraao Cefas Torres Dias, Jean-Luc Duvail, Marc Monthioux, Bernard Humbert, Pascal Puech, Christopher P. Ewels, Alain Penicaue
Summary: Above a critical diameter, carbon nanotubes collapse into flattened forms, leading to unique Raman spectra changes. The presence of edge cavities and curvature changes near the edges activate a D band despite overall continuity in the structure. The differing perspectives of chemists and physicists on defects in carbon structures may lead to confusion for researchers in nanotechnologies.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zewen Su, Yingjie Zhao, Youqiang Huang, Yanbang Lian, Shiqing Xu, Gongxun Bai
Summary: This study successfully synthesized a dual-functional composite based on lanthanide-doped nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes for designing a photothermal system. Accurate temperature monitoring and tumor treatment were achieved through an optical thermometer. The multifunctional photothermal material demonstrated advantages of high accuracy and low invasive burden.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
P. Ferreira, M. Riscado, S. Bernardo, M. G. Freire, J. L. Faria, APM. Tavares, CG. Silva, F. Sousa
Summary: Therapeutic approaches based on nucleic acids have gained attention, but require effective manufacturing strategies and precise quality control. This study describes a simple and efficient method using carbon nanotubes to selectively capture RNA and other impurities, resulting in the isolation and clarification of plasmid DNA (pDNA) from complex samples.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
N. J. Coltman, G. Rochford, N. J. Hodges, H. Ali-Boucetta, J. P. Barlow
Summary: This paper provides detailed protocols for probing mitochondrial energy metabolism in single 3D spheroids using the XFe96 XF analyzer and spheroid microplates. XF technology is demonstrated to be capable of distinguishing between cellular respiration in 3D spheroids of different sizes, volumes, cell numbers, DNA content, and type. The optimal concentrations of mitochondrial effector compounds are used to probe specific parameters of mitochondrial energy metabolism. The paper also discusses methods to normalize data obtained from spheroids and addresses considerations when exploring spheroid metabolism using XF technology.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Loret, Luis Augusto Visani de Luna, Alexander Fordham, Atta Arshad, Katharine Barr, Neus Lozano, Kostas Kostarelos, Cyrill Bussy
Summary: Graphene has attracted significant attention in the material community due to its unique physicochemical properties. Graphene oxide (GO), as an oxidized derivative, shows promising potential as a drug delivery system. This study investigates the lung tolerability of two different dimensions of GO and finds that nanometric GO is more suitable for pulmonary drug delivery, as it induces milder immune and tissue responses and is cleared more easily from the respiratory tract.
Correction
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Thomas Kisby, Acelya Yilmazer, Kostas Kostarelos
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Lois Gardner, Kostas Kostarelo, Parag Mallick, Caroline Dive, Marilena Hadjidemetriou
Summary: Liquid biopsy assays offer opportunities for early detection of cancer and improved management of the disease by detecting cancer-associated molecular alterations in blood. This Perspective reviews key advances in liquid biopsy-based multi-omics approaches for biomarker discovery and introduces the 'nano-omics' paradigm, which utilizes nanotechnology tools for the analysis of blood-circulating cancerome.
NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Toxicology
Luis Augusto Visani de Luna, Thomas Loret, Alexander Fordham, Atta Arshad, Matthew Drummond, Abbie Dodd, Neus Lozano, Kostas Kostarelos, Cyrill Bussy
Summary: The size and dose of graphene oxide (GO) were found to impact the DNA damage it caused in mouse lungs. Both micrometric and nanometric GO induced DNA damage after a single exposure, but only during the acute phase response. After repeated exposure, only a high dose of micrometric GO resulted in long-term DNA damage. Inflammation and oxidative stress were associated with the recovery or persistence of DNA damage.
PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Paul S. Sharp, Maria Stylianou, Luis M. Arellano, Juliana C. Neves, Alfredo M. Gravagnuolo, Abbie Dodd, Katharine Barr, Neus Lozano, Thomas Kisby, Kostas Kostarelos
Summary: Graphene-based 2D nanomaterials have unique physicochemical characteristics that can be used in various biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and treatment. This study investigates the distribution of thin graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets in GBM mouse models and designs a novel nano-chemotherapeutic approach using GO sheets as platforms for drug complexation. The results demonstrate enhanced cytotoxic effects of the GO-BTZ complex in vivo.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Chen-Xia Hu, Oliver Read, Yuyoung Shin, Yingxian Chen, Jingjing Wang, Matthew Boyes, Niting Zeng, Adyasha Panigrahi, Kostas Kostarelos, Igor Larrosa, Sandra Vranic, Cinzia Casiraghi
Summary: In this study, we used liquid cascade centrifugation to obtain fractions of nanosheets with different lateral size distributions from highly concentrated graphene dispersions. The concentration, stability, size, thickness, and cytotoxicity profile were studied as a function of the initial stabilizer concentration for each fraction. Our results reveal the critical importance of the initial stabilizer concentration in determining the concentration, stability, and biocompatibility of the dispersions, regardless of the lateral size of the flakes.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Giuseppe Di Mauro, Roberta Amoriello, Neus Lozano, Alberto Carnasciali, Daniele Guasti, Maurizio Becucci, Giada Cellot, Kostas Kostarelos, Clara Ballerini, Laura Ballerini
Summary: In neuroinflammation, astrocytes respond to pro-inflammatory cytokines (CKs) through Ca2+ signaling and play important roles in disease progression. Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles offer a promising approach to target astrocytes and regulate their reactivity. This study investigates the effects of CKs on astrocytic Ca2+ signaling and demonstrates the potential of GO to reverse the dysregulated cellular changes in astrocytes. The findings suggest that GO-based therapeutics may be effective in treating immune-mediated neuroinflammatory diseases.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Guotao Peng, Hanna M. Sinkko, Harri Alenius, Neus Lozano, Kostas Kostarelos, Lars Brautigam, Bengt Fadeel
Summary: The presence of graphene oxide in the diet alters the composition of the gut microbiome in adult zebrafish, with differences seen between wild-type and ahr2-deficient animals. Furthermore, oral exposure to graphene oxide in combination with butyrate induces AhR-dependent expression of cyp1a and homing of lck(+) cells to the gut in germ-free zebrafish. Single-cell RNA sequencing studies reveal the presence of innate lymphoid cell (ILC)-like cells in germ-free zebrafish, and a "corona" of microbial butyrate triggered by graphene oxide leads to the induction of ILC2-like cells with regulatory properties.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Taiwo Hassan Akere, Aline M. Z. de Medeiros, Diego Stefani T. Martinez, Bashiru Ibrahim, Hanene Ali-Boucetta, Eugenia Valsami-Jones
Summary: This study successfully synthesized a graphene oxide-gold nanohybrid (GO-Au) and evaluated its suitability as a test material in nano(ecotoxicological studies. Graphene oxide was synthesized and used as a substrate for the growth of nano-Au decorations. The nanohybrid showed good stability in different environmental media and its physicochemical characteristics did not deteriorate over a period of months.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bashiru Ibrahim, Taiwo Hassan Akere, Swaroop Chakraborty, Eugenia Valsami-Jones, Hanene Ali-Boucetta
Summary: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have cytotoxic effects on human alveolar epithelial adenocarcinoma cells and can potentially be used as novel proteasome inhibitors. The smaller AuNPs (5 nm) exhibit greater cytotoxicity compared to larger ones (10 and 80 nm). Additionally, AuNPs induce apoptosis and necrosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and downregulate the expression of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) proteins, triggering mitochondrial-related apoptosis.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Loret, Luis Augusto Visani de Luna, Matteo Andrea Lucherelli, Alexander Fordham, Neus Lozano, Alberto Bianco, Kostas Kostarelos, Cyrill Bussy
Summary: The study investigates the biological response, distribution, and bio-persistence of four different graphene-based materials (GBMs) in mouse lungs. The size, carbon to oxygen ratio, and thickness of the GBMs do not induce a strong pulmonary immune response. Neutrophils internalize and degrade small GBMs faster than macrophages, revealing their crucial role in the elimination of these materials. Large GBMs, on the other hand, have hindered degradation and long-term persistence in macrophages, leading to more damages. These findings are important for the design of safer GBMs for biomedical applications.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lorenza Tortella, Irene Santini, Neus Lozano, Kostas Kostarelos, Giada Cellot, Laura Ballerini
Summary: Small graphene oxide nanosheets can reversibly downregulate excitatory synapses in the central nervous system and have potential applications as therapeutic tools for neuro-disorders. This study demonstrates that the delivery of s-GO can improve neuronal survival during oxygen-glucose deprivation and protect neuronal integrity under exogenous glutamate application.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Helene Cazier, Carole Malgorn, Dominique Georgin, Nathalie Fresneau, Fabrice Beau, Kostas Kostarelos, Cyrill Bussy, Stephane Campidelli, Mathieu Pinault, Martine Mayne-L'Hermite, Frederic Taran, Christophe Junot, Francois Fenaille, Antoine Sallustrau, Benoit Colsch
Summary: Research on graphene based nanomaterials has expanded in recent years due to their unique properties and potential socio-economic impact. This study proposes a novel approach combining radioimaging and mass spectrometry imaging for detecting Graphene Oxide (GO) labeled with carbon-14 in mice. The results demonstrate the advantages of this correlative imaging technique for the pre-clinical development of graphene-based biomedical applications.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Elisa Pati, Audrey Franceschi Biagioni, Raffaele Casani, Neus Lozano, Kostas Kostarelos, Giada Cellot, Laura Ballerini
Summary: Graphene oxide nanosheets have the potential to alter neurobiological processes and regulate glutamatergic synapses, making them a promising candidate for future neurotherapeutic developments. In a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it was found that a single injection of graphene oxide to the lateral amygdala could induce behavior remission and reduce dendritic spine densities associated with PTSD. Mechanistically, graphene oxide was found to affect the probability of release, thus modulating synaptic plasticity in the amygdala.
