Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anna Ramirez-Morros, Josep Franch-Nadal, Jordi Real, Monica Gratacos, Didac Mauricio
Summary: Women with T2DM have a 40% higher risk of CVD compared to men due to the interaction between sex and gender factors. There are significant differences between women and men in the management and control of CVRF, with women less likely to achieve recommended targets.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Natacha Fourny, Christophe Beauloye, Monique Bernard, Sandrine Horman, Martine Desrois, Luc Bertrand
Summary: Type 2 diabetes is linked to cardiovascular diseases, with significant sex differences in prevalence, pathophysiology, and outcomes. Women with diabetes have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, and there is a sexual dimorphism in the incidence and outcomes of cardiac dysfunction.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Raza Tokatli, Leuconoe Grazia Sisti, Eleonora Marziali, Lorenza Nachira, Maria Francesca Rossi, Carlotta Amantea, Umberto Moscato, Walter Malorni
Summary: This article provides a broad review of the role of hormone regulation in gender medicine and gender differences across key clinical areas. The study highlights the influence of sex differences in immune response, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, cancer, and COVID-19. It also emphasizes the importance of gender implications in occupational health and health policy, calling for more personalized clinical medicine and public health approaches.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Joshua R. Smith, Randal J. Thomas, Amanda R. Bonikowske, Shane M. Hammer, Thomas P. Olson
Summary: This article reviews the sex differences in outpatient phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programming, including CR participation rates, core components, and barriers to participation. Strategies to mitigate these disparities are discussed, along with areas for future research.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vittorio Venditti, Enrico Bleve, Susanna Morano, Tiziana Filardi
Summary: This review examines the impact of gender on medication adherence in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The study finds that in type 2 diabetes, female sex, younger age, new drug prescription, non-white ethnicity, low education level, and low income are predictors of non-adherence. Women with hypercholesterolemia exhibit poorer adherence to statin therapy. Adherence to anti-hypertensive therapy shows conflicting results. Limited evidence suggests that women may have poorer adherence after acute myocardial infarction and stroke.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Marie de Bakker, Atul Anand, Martin Shipley, Takeshi Fujisawa, Anoop S. V. Shah, Isabella Kardys, Eric Boersma, Eric J. J. Brunner, Nicholas L. L. Mills, Dorien M. M. Kimenai
Summary: The study found that cardiac troponin concentrations are lower in women than men. The trajectory of cardiac troponin differs between sexes and is associated with cardiovascular outcomes, highlighting the importance of a sex-specific approach in cardiovascular risk prediction.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jerome Robert
Summary: Endothelial cells are crucial for vascular homeostasis and play a vital role in controlling blood flow, immune cell trafficking, and vascular growth and repair. Dysfunction of endothelial cells, characterized by impaired secretion of vasodilator molecules, increased reactive oxygen species, expression of adhesion molecules, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, leads to cardiovascular diseases. Sex hormones, such as estrogens, androgens, and progestogens, regulate endothelial functions. However, gender also influences endothelial cell physiology at the genetic level.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Dominic Millenaar, Markus Dillmann, Tobias Fehlmann, Alexander Flohr, Roxana Mehran, Rasha Al-Lamee, Lucas Lauder, Christian Ukena, Michael Boehm, Andreas Keller, Felix Mahfoud
Summary: This study explored the sex-specific differences in authorship of cardiovascular research over the past decade. The findings showed an overall increase in cardiovascular publications, particularly among female authors. However, articles by female authors had a lower median impact factor and were cited less frequently compared to male authors. There were also regional differences in the impact factor of articles by female authors, with North America having the highest and Africa having the lowest.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Lu Fu, Joseph Adu-Amankwaah, Lili Sang, Ziqing Tang, Zheng Gong, Xiaoyan Zhang, Tao Li, Hong Sun
Summary: G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is involved in regulating GPCR and non-GPCR signaling. Recent studies found gender differences in GRK2 in the cardiovascular system, where males have higher GRK2 expression and activity than females. Estrogen may interact with GRK2 through various signaling pathways mediated by estrogen receptors, providing cardiovascular protection in females. Understanding the gender differences and interaction between GRK2 and estrogen is crucial for treating gender-related cardiovascular diseases.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ralph K. Akyea, Yana Vinogradova, Nadeem Qureshi, Riyaz S. Patel, Evangelos Kontopantelis, George Ntaios, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Joe Kai, Stephen F. Weng
Summary: The study found that in the UK, the incidence of initial stroke and subsequent major adverse outcomes is higher in women, older populations, and people living in socially deprived areas.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Han Ma, Fangchao Liu, Jianxin Li, Jichun Chen, Jie Cao, Shufeng Chen, Xiaoqing Liu, Xueli Yang, Keyong Huang, Chong Shen, Ling Yu, Yingxin Zhao, Xianping Wu, Liancheng Zhao, Ying Li, Dongsheng Hu, Jianfeng Huang, Xiangfeng Lu, Dongfeng Gu
Summary: Based on a study conducted in China, the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and hypertension remains uncertain. Individuals with lower SES are at a higher risk of developing hypertension compared to those with higher SES. Moreover, women are more susceptible to the adverse effects of lower SES on hypertension.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hongwei Ji, Alan C. Kwan, Melanie T. Chen, David Ouyang, Joseph E. Ebinger, Susan P. Bell, Teemu J. Niiranen, Natalie A. Bello, Susan Cheng
Summary: It is well known that cardiovascular disease manifests differently in women and men. The underlying causes of these differences during the aging lifespan are less well understood. Sex differences in cardiac and vascular phenotypes are seen in childhood and tend to track along distinct trajectories related to genetic factors, risk exposures, and hormonal changes. These differences underlie sex-specific variation in cardiovascular events in later life. This review aims to synthesize recent cardiovascular aging-related research to inform approaches to improving the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of cardiovascular disease risks in the aging population.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alessandra Dei Cas, Raffaella Aldigeri, Alessandro Mantovani, Maria Masulli, Luisa Palmisano, Franco Cavalot, Katia Bonomo, Marco Giorgio Baroni, Efisio Cossu, Gisella Cavallo, Flavia Agata Cimini, Raffaella Buzzetti, Carmen Mignogna, Frida Leonetti, Simonetta Bacci, Roberto Trevisan, Mario Luca Morieri, Riccardo Maria Pollis, Giovanni Targher, Saula Vigili de Kreutzenberg
Summary: This observational study aimed to evaluate sex-related differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence and risk in adults with type 1 diabetes. The study found that men had a higher prevalence of CVD than women aged 55 years and above, but the prevalence was comparable between the two sexes in those below 55 years of age. In patients without pre-existing CVD, men had a higher 10-year estimated CVD risk than women until the age of 55, but this difference disappeared after that age.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Shawn Simek, Brian Lue, Anjali Rao, Goutham Ravipati, Srilakshmi Vallabhaneni, Kathleen Zhang, Vlad G. Zaha, Alvin Chandra
Summary: Gender differences exist in the medical field, including cardio-oncology. Gender may influence cancer susceptibility, cardiotoxicities, healthcare, and cancer treatments.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anissa Viveiros, Jaslyn Rasmuson, Jennie Vu, Sharon L. Mulvagh, Cindy Y. Y. Yip, Colleen M. Norris, Gavin Y. Oudit
Summary: Biological sex is a critical determinant in health and disease, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic where males tend to exhibit more severe symptoms and higher mortality rates. The similarities in sex differences between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 are largely due to the involvement of the innate immune system and the RAS. Additionally, the role of ACE2 in both diseases and the activation of ADAM17 exacerbating ACE2 loss are key factors influencing disease outcomes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
