Editorial Material
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Daniel L. Matera, William Y. Wang, Brendon M. Baker
Summary: During fibrotic diseases, functional tissue parenchyma gradually changes into stiff, disorganized and non-functional tissue, leading to organ failure. The interconnected changes in the cellular microenvironment can be explored using bioengineered fibrosis models.
NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jolanta Chmielowiec, Krzysztof Chmielowiec, Jolanta Masiak, Tomasz Pawlowski, Dariusz Larysz, Anna Grzywacz
Summary: This study found that NPS users exhibit higher levels of neuroticism and anxiety symptoms, and that neuroticism and anxiety are strongly correlated with coping motives for using NPS.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
E. F. Moreno, F. A. Schaposnik
Summary: Working within the path-integral framework, the study establishes a duality between partition functions of U (1) gauge theories in different space-time dimensions, leading to the exploration of Dirac monopole solutions. The research ultimately relates these findings to the bosonized version of the two-dimensional QED(2) (Schwinger) model.
Article
Fisheries
Marysia Szymkowiak, Melissa Rhodes-Reese
Summary: Qualitative network models have shown effectiveness in simulating the social components of ecosystem-based fisheries management strategies, but improvements are needed to better incorporate broader social realities.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Philipp Mews, Ashley M. Cunningham, Joseph Scarpa, Aarthi Ramakrishnan, Emily M. Hicks, Sarah Bolnick, Susanna Garamszegi, Li Shen, Deborah C. Mash, Eric J. Nestler
Summary: Cocaine use disorder is a difficult problem with rising overdose death rates, posing a substantial public health crisis. Through RNA sequencing, researchers have identified specific gene networks involved in cocaine use disorder, including ionotropic receptors and decreased neuroinflammation. They have also found important gene networks, especially in D1 medium spiny neurons, that drive cocaine-induced plasticity.
Review
Immunology
Ning Wang, Yongling Lu, Jiang Zheng, Xin Liu
Summary: Prolonged immunosuppression is the main cause of late phase and long-term mortality in sepsis. Although murine models cannot consistently and stably recapitulate the immunopathology of human sepsis, their feasibility can be increased by minimizing inconsistency and increasing clinical relevance.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Economics
Sven Klaassen, Jannis Kueck, Martin Spindler
Summary: Transformation models are crucial tools for applied statisticians and econometricians to ensure the homogeneity or normal distribution of errors in many applications. This article analyzes the estimation of transformation models in a high-dimensional setting and demonstrates the good performance of the proposed estimator in small samples through simulation studies, as well as the common practice of transforming wages with the log-function in labor economics.
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS & ECONOMIC STATISTICS
(2022)
Review
Psychiatry
Octavian Vasiliu
Summary: Food addiction is an important aspect in understanding psychiatric and medical problems related to eating behaviors, such as obesity and eating disorders. It has similarities with other eating disorders but lacks specific diagnostic criteria. The disorder is associated with reward dysfunction, impulsivity, and emotion dysregulation, and may have genetic factors involved. Further clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of treatment options.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Azalea Lee, Jie Xu, Zhexing Wen, Peng Jin
Summary: Fragile X syndrome is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Human induced pluripotent stem cells provide a unique means of studying FXS pathophysiology specific to humans.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Kees van Deemter
Summary: The article argues for a broader perspective in assessing NLP models, emphasizing scientific explanation and advocating for multiple criteria. By comparing recent models of language production, the author illustrates these ideas. The article concludes by questioning the potential impact on institutional policies if the NLP community adopts these ideas.
COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Douglas Hanahan
Summary: The concept of the hallmarks of cancer is a tool for simplifying the complexity of cancer phenotypes and genotypes into basic principles. This article proposes phenotypic plasticity and disrupted differentiation as distinct hallmark capabilities, and discusses nonmutational epigenetic reprogramming and polymorphic microbiomes as enabling characteristics. Additionally, the importance of senescent cells in the tumor microenvironment is highlighted. The integrative concept of the hallmarks of cancer helps in understanding the mechanisms of cancer development and applying that knowledge to cancer medicine.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jennifer Keiser, Cecile Haberli
Summary: Drug repurposing from veterinary to human medicine has been the main strategy to develop anthelminthics for the treatment of helminthiasis. A systematic comparison of the anthelminthic activity profile of derivatives of these drugs has not been conducted yet. The study reveals pronounced differences in activity against larval and adult stages among different classes of anthelminthics, highlighting the importance of evaluating drugs against different species and stages for potential candidates.
ACS INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Natalie Landon-Brace, Nancy T. Li, Alison P. Mcguigan
Summary: Modeling the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in vitro is crucial for understanding cancer biology and developing effective treatment strategies. The use of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and advanced 3D in vitro models, combined with single-cell omics analysis, provides a new avenue for studying tumor heterogeneity. This review discusses the current application of PDOs in 3D in vitro models of the TME and explores the integration of single-cell analysis. The ultimate goal is to identify novel therapeutic targets that consider the complex interactions between tumors and the microenvironment.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Ivar Snorrason, Courtney Beard, Andrew D. Peckham, Throstur Bjorgvinsson
Summary: The study identified two higher-order factors in obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: obsessions-compulsions factor and body-focused repetitive behavior factor. The obsessions-compulsions factor showed significant associations with internalizing symptoms, while the body-focused repetitive behavior factor had a minor but significant association with drug/alcohol cravings.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lara A. Ray, Steven J. Nieto, Erica N. Grodin
Summary: Alcohol and substance use disorders pose challenges in effective treatment due to their heterogeneous nature. Efforts to classify addiction subtypes and apply neuroscience frameworks have the potential to advance precision medicine in this field. The use of deep behavioral phenotyping in neuroscience-informed batteries shows promise for understanding addiction on a clinical neuroscience level.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2023)
