Review
Genetics & Heredity
Andrea Miranda Paez, Mekala Sundaram, Janna R. Willoughby
Summary: The study suggests that trapping and less invasive methods yield similar results in estimating wildlife population sizes, with the latter typically detecting more individuals. In addition, the method of analyzing camera data can significantly impact population size estimates, with spatial information resulting in larger estimates.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andre S. Pereira, Delphine De Moor, Catarina Casanova, Lauren J. N. Brent
Summary: Understanding the evolution of group-living and cooperation requires knowledge of the kinship composition in animal groups. This study presents initial findings on the kinship composition of mammalian groups, showing that social mammals often live with unrelated individuals of the same sex. These results emphasize the importance of considering both indirect and direct fitness benefits in the evolution of sociality.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Adedayo Michael Awoniyi, Fabio Neves Souza, Caio Graco Zeppelini, Barbara Ines A. Xavier, Ana Maria Barreto, Diogo Cesar C. Santiago, Juliet Oliveira Santana, Eduardo Mendes da Silva, Federico Costa, Michael Begon, Hussein Khalil
Summary: This study evaluated the use of Rhodamine B as a non-toxic biomarker to assess the distance travelled by rats in urban slums. The research found that rats can move up to 90 meters in urban slums, with smaller rats showing more active movement than bigger rats. This information can be useful in guiding efficient rodent control initiatives to reduce the risk of household rodent infestation and rodent-borne disease in urban slums.
METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Biology
Ines Hotopp, Bernd Walther, Olaf Fuelling, Daniela Reil, Christin Hesse, Diana Alexandra Below, Christian Imholt, Jens Jacob
Summary: Live trapping of small mammal species in Germany over the last decade using Ugglan multiple capture traps showed about 30% bycatch, with higher proportions in spring and along margins, especially when targeting common voles and bank voles. Early warning list species were more abundant in spring and grassland. The results will help in avoiding increased bycatch, including endangered species, by paying specific attention during certain seasons and habitats.
Article
Plant Sciences
Wenyong Li, Zhankui Yang, Jiawei Lv, Tengfei Zheng, Ming Li, Chuanheng Sun
Summary: This study proposes an automated detection approach for continuous monitoring of pest population in greenhouse conditions, using a spectral residual model and support vector machine classifier to identify whitefly and thrips with high accuracy of 93.9% and 89.9% respectively.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ana Gracanin, Katarina M. Mikac
Summary: The selfie trap is an efficient camera trapping method for estimating home ranges and movements of small mammals, and highlights the importance of linear habitat strips as wildlife corridors in a fragmented landscape.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Clemens Matthiesen, Qian Yu, Jinen Guo, Alberto M. Alonso, Hartmut Haffner
Summary: In this study, trapping of electrons in a millimeter-sized quadrupole Paul trap driven at 1.6 GHz in a room-temperature ultrahigh vacuum setup was demonstrated. Cold electrons were introduced into the trap by ionization of atomic calcium via Rydberg states and were confined by microwave and static electric fields for several tens of milliseconds. Some electrons remained trapped longer, showing no measurable loss for measurement times up to a second. Operating a similar electron Paul trap in a cryogenic environment may offer a platform for all-electric quantum computing with trapped electron spin qubits.
Article
Ecology
Katherine C. B. Weiss, Austin M. Green, Daniel J. Herrera, Tru M. Hubbard, Christine C. Rega-Brodsky, Maximilian L. Allen
Summary: Identifying the drivers of urban association in wildlife is a challenge in conservation biology. This study investigated the relationship between intraspecific trait variation and urban occupancy in mammal species using camera trap data. The results showed that demographic traits like litter size affected urban association across all species, while other traits had variable and informative relationships across different taxonomic orders. These findings highlight the importance of trait variation in wildlife management and conservation, and provide insights into the species that occupy and adapt to urban environments.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chenyu Wen, Eva Bertosin, Xin Shi, Cees Dekker, Sonja Schmid
Summary: In this study, we achieved strong trapping and extended observation of single proteins using site specific cholesterol functionalization on a lipid-coated nanopore. This greatly enhances the trapping capacity and extends the observation time.
Article
Ecology
Jeffrey A. Klemens, Manuela Tripepi, Shane A. McFoy
Summary: The study developed a motion-detecting camera trap system to monitor wildlife activity. The data collected had a high signal-to-noise ratio, showing potential for use in other small animal applications.
METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Optics
J. A. Sarabia-Alonso, J. G. Ortega-Mendoza, S. Mansurova, F. M. Munoz-Perez, R. Ramos-Garcia
Summary: This research demonstrates the 3D trapping and manipulation of vapor bubbles in liquids using a low-power continuous-wave laser and the Marangoni effect, achieving this by producing bubbles of different diameters with photodeposited silver nanoparticles on a multi-mode optical fiber. The thermal effects modulate the surface tension of the bubble wall, creating a 3D potential well, and the transfer of bubbles between fibers is shown using an array of three fibers with photodeposited nanoparticles by sequentially switching on and off the lasers.
Article
Zoology
Ana Gracanin, Todd E. Minchinton, Katarina M. Mikac
Summary: Camera trapping, specifically the selfie trap method, is a useful tool for studying wildlife without harming or capturing animals. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the selfie trap method in detecting species and estimating population density. The results showed that the selfie trap had higher detection rates and better accuracy in estimating density compared to traditional live trapping methods. It can be a valuable tool for monitoring and studying small mammal populations.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Woon Ih Choi, Won-Joon Son, Richard Dronskowski, Youngtek Oh, Seung-Yeul Yang, Uihui Kwon, Dae Sin Kim
Summary: Through first-principles calculations and orbital interaction analysis, the authors reveal the mechanism behind the stable charge storage in charge-trap flash (CTF) memory. It is found that the positively charged fourfold-coordinated nitrogen (N+ center) plays a key role in the process, where the electron occupation of the N+ center leads to the formation of a new SiSi bond and the storage of the electron in a multicenter bonding states. Experimental data also support this model.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Rachel Kanaziz, Kathryn P. Huyvaert, Caitlin P. Wells, Dirk H. Van Vuren, Lise M. Aubry
Summary: The study found that social dynamics and environmental conditions have a significant impact on the survival rate of reproductive female golden-mantled ground squirrels, while maternal characteristics did not. A higher density of related breeding females and a later date of permanent snow cover were associated with an increase in mortality hazard, whereas a shorter growing season reduced the maternal mortality hazard.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Oriol Palau, Ignasi Torre
Summary: This study compared the performance of the Heslinga trap and the Sherman trap in small mammal sampling and found that the Heslinga trap outperformed the Sherman trap in terms of species diversity estimates, capture success, and sampling inaccuracies.