Article
Neurosciences
Jiyeon Seo, Hongik Hwang, Yuri Choi, Sunmin Jung, Jung-Hwa Hong, Bong-June Yoon, Hyewhon Rhim, Mikyoung Park
Summary: Many psychiatric disorders are associated with deficits in cognitive functions and synaptic plasticity, which are linked to abnormal lipid modifications of neuronal proteins. Cyclin Y (CCNY), located in the postsynaptic compartment, plays an inhibitory role in synaptic plasticity and spatial learning through myristoylation and palmitoylation.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
P. Robin, T. Emmerich, A. Ismail, A. Nigues, Y. You, G. -H. Nam, A. Keerthi, A. Siria, A. K. Geim, B. Radha, L. Bocquet
Summary: Experiments reveal the emergence of memory in the transport of electrolytes across nanoscale channels, which lays the foundation for biomimetic computations.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mohamed El-Tanani, Hamdi Nsairat, Alaa A. Aljabali, Angel Serrano-Aroca, Vijay Mishra, Yachana Mishra, Gowhar A. Naikoo, Walhan Alshaer, Murtaza M. Tambuwala
Summary: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a signalling system, is necessary for various cell proliferation activities. It recognizes PI3KAKT stress signals as a serine-threonine kinase. The abnormal regulation of mTOR pathway has been proven to be crucial in cancer growth and advancement. This review primarily discusses the normal functions of mTOR as well as its abnormal roles in cancer development.
Review
Neurosciences
Henry Querfurth, Han-Kyu Lee
Summary: mTOR is involved in regulating energy metabolism, neuronal growth, insulin signaling, and autophagy, playing both beneficial and pathogenic roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Balanced actions of mTOR complexes may have implications for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Frontotemporal dementia, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Beyond rapamycin, rapalogs with improved tolerability and delivery modes hold promise in treating age-related conditions.
MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alaa Abou Daher, Sahar Alkhansa, William S. Azar, Rim Rafeh, Hilda E. Ghadieh, Assaad A. Eid
Summary: Understanding the mechanisms behind diabetic nephropathy (DN) is crucial for developing effective treatments. The mTOR pathway has been identified as a key player in diabetes-induced kidney injury, through its involvement in insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and autophagy regulation.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiumin Chen, Yuko Fukata, Masaki Fukata, Roger A. Nicoll
Summary: This study reveals the essential role of the MAGUK family of synaptic scaffolding proteins in LTP, with PSD-95 requiring binding to ADAM22 for synaptic transmission enhancement. Additionally, an alternative pathway involving SAP102 is proposed, independent of ADAM22.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Haden L. Scott, Dima Bolmatov, Peter T. Podar, Zening Liu, Jacob J. Kinnun, Benjamin Doughty, Ralph Lydic, Robert L. Sacci, C. Patrick Collier, John Katsaras
Summary: This study demonstrates that droplet interface bilayers (DIBs) composed of lipids can exhibit persistent synaptic plasticity, characterized by long-term potentiation (LTP) and capacitive energy storage. The time scales for the physical changes associated with LTP are longer than previous short-term synaptic plasticity studies.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alejandro Barranco, Llenalia Garcia, Agnes Gruart, Jose Maria Delgado-Garcia, Ricardo Rueda, Maria Ramirez
Summary: HMB, a metabolite of leucine, has been shown to preserve muscle mass and strength during aging. This study evaluated the effects of different doses of HMB on synaptic potentiation in the hippocampus and working memory in animals. The results suggest that medium or high doses of HMB can enhance neuronal plasticity and improve cognitive performance.
Article
Neurosciences
Alen Eapen, Diego Fernandez-Fernandez, John Georgiou, Zuner A. Bortolotto, Stafford Lightman, David E. Jane, Arturas Volianskis, Graham L. Collingridge
Summary: The study demonstrates the involvement of GluN2D-containing NMDARs in both short-term potentiation (STP) and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the mouse hippocampus, highlighting the important role of GluN2D subunits in synaptic plasticity.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julia Rehnitz, Birgitta Messmer, Ulrike Bender, Xuan Phuoc Nguyen, Ariane Germeyer, Katrin Hinderhofer, Thomas Strowitzki, Edison Capp
Summary: This study found that the activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is significantly increased in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency, and it may be associated with the FMR1/mTOR/S6K linkage mechanism.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tatyana Y. Postnikova, Sergey L. Malkin, Maria Zakharova, Ilya Smolensky, Olga E. Zubareva, Aleksey Zaitsev
Summary: Disruption of glutamate clearance in the synaptic cleft can lead to synaptic dysfunction and neurological diseases, potentially causing excitotoxicity. Increased glutamate clearance has been shown to reduce long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP). Treatment with the enhancer of glutamate transporter 1 expression, ceftriaxone, weakened LTP in the hippocampus of young rats, likely due to reduced spillover of glutamate leading to decreased activation of synapses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shaul Yahil, David F. Wozniak, Zihan Yan, Steven Mennerick, Maria S. Remedi
Summary: ATP-sensitive potassium gain-of-function mutations can lead to neonatal diabetes and various neurological deficits, with neuronal KATP-GOF potentially playing a role in cognitive dysfunction. Further research is needed to develop novel drugs to address these neurological features caused by neuronal KATP-GOF mutations.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jun Zeng, Qiang Zhong, Xiaobing Feng, Linde Li, Shijian Feng, Yu Fan, Turun Song, Zhongli Huang, Xianding Wang, Tao Lin
Summary: Conversion from CNIs to mTORi therapy in kidney transplant recipients can improve renal function and reduce the incidence of malignancy, but is associated with a higher risk of adverse events such as acute rejection, infection, proteinuria, leukopenia, acne, and mouth ulcer, leading to increased drug discontinuation rates. The conversion strategy may be suitable for selected patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ning Liu, Ying Yang, Xuemeng Si, Hai Jia, Yunchang Zhang, Da Jiang, Zhaolai Dai, Zhenlong Wu
Summary: L-proline plays a crucial role in embryogenesis, placental development, and fetal growth. This study revealed that proline enhances cell viability, activates the mTORC1 signaling pathway, and modulates the intracellular redox environment. Proline regulates the expression of proline transporters and enzymes involved in redox balance, indicating its potential therapeutic benefits in various developmental processes.
Article
Neurosciences
Musa Iyiola Ajibola, Jei-Wei Wu, Wahab Imam Abdulmajeed, Cheng-Chang Lien
Summary: The study demonstrates that subcortical input from the SuM selectively regulates the activities of different DG neurons through distinct synaptic mechanisms in mice. While SuM activation leads to synaptic excitation and inhibition in all post-synaptic cells, the ratio of these components varies depending on cell type. Specifically, dendrite-targeting interneurons primarily receive synaptic excitation, soma-targeting interneurons and granule cells mainly receive synaptic inhibition.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Hui-Ru Bi, Cui-Hua Zhou, Yi-Zhi Zhang, Xu-Dong Cai, Mu-Huo Ji, Jian-Jun Yang, Gui-Quan Chen, Yi-Min Hu
Summary: Pen-2 is essential for neuronal survival in the adult cerebral cortex, and its loss results in astrocytosis, cortical atrophy, neuronal loss, as well as microgliosis and enhanced inflammatory responses in the cortex. The Notch signaling pathway does not appear to be involved in the neurodegeneration caused by the loss of Pen-2.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
He Wang, Mengjia Liu, Gang Zou, Long Wang, Wenbin Duan, Xue He, Muhuo Ji, Xiaochuan Zou, Yimin Hu, Jianjun Yang, Guiquan Chen
Summary: Deletion of PDK1 gene results in abnormal oligodendrocyte development in the central nervous system and affects the myelination process. These research findings demonstrate the critical role of PDK1 in OL differentiation.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jian Wu, Chenwen Shao, Xiaolian Ye, Xiaojiao Di, Dongdong Li, Hu Zhao, Bing Zhang, Guiquan Chen, Hong-Ke Liu, Yong Qian
Summary: This study introduces a novel near-infrared fluorescent probe named CAQ for selective monitoring of A beta aggregates in vivo, which shows promise in providing comprehensive information for neurodegenerative disease research, promoting a deeper understanding of Alzheimer's pathological processes.
Article
Neurosciences
Jinxing Hou, Huiru Bi, Zhuoyang Ye, Wenhui Huang, Gang Zou, Xiaochuan Zou, Yun Stone Shi, Ying Shen, Quanhong Ma, Frank Kirchhoff, Yimin Hu, Guiquan Chen
Summary: Mutations on gamma-secretase subunits are linked to neurological diseases. While the role of gamma-secretase in neurogenesis is well-studied, its involvement in astrogliogenesis remains unclear. Recent evidence suggests that astrocytes can be derived from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), but the mechanism controlling this differentiation is not fully understood.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Qihui Wang, Leilei Gong, Susu Mao, Chun Yao, Mingwen Liu, Yaxian Wang, Jian Yang, Bin Yu, Guiquan Chen, Xiaosong Gu
Summary: Enhancing the intrinsic regeneration potential of neurons is crucial for promoting axon regeneration and nerve injury repair. This study identifies Vav1 as a key molecular switch that responds to axonal injury, playing a crucial role in promoting axon regeneration, and potentially serving as a novel molecular therapeutic target for clinical nerve injury repair.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
He Wang, Mengjia Liu, Zhuoyang Ye, Cuihua Zhou, Huiru Bi, Long Wang, Chen Zhang, Hui Fu, Ying Shen, Jian-Jun Yang, Yimin Hu, Guiquan Chen
Summary: This study reveals that the phosphorylation of FoxO1 by Akt plays a critical role in Sox10 expression and OL differentiation. Deletion of all three Akt isoforms leads to downregulation of Sox10, and mutant FoxO1 inhibits Sox10 promoter activity.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Chaoli Huang, Yuanyuan Wang, Zifeng Wu, Jiali Xu, Ling Zhou, Di Wang, Ling Yang, Bin Zhu, Guiquan Chen, Cunming Liu, Chun Yang
Summary: The study reveals that miR-98-5p plays an important role in the antidepressant mechanism of ketamine, as upregulation can alleviate depression-like behaviors and inhibition can block the antidepressant effect of ketamine. Targeting miR-98-5p may offer potential therapeutic strategies for depression treatment.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiao-Yu Teng, Ping Hu, Yangyang Chen, Yanyu Zang, Xiaolian Ye, Jingmin Ou, Guiquan Chen, Yun Stone Shi
Summary: Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) plays a key role in autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy (ADLTE). A novel mutation on the Lgi1 gene was identified, which may cause white matter abnormalities by inhibiting Sox10-dependent oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in the central nervous system.
Article
Developmental Biology
Yingqian Xia, Yizhi Zhang, Min Xu, Xiaochuan Zou, Jun Gao, Mu-Huo Ji, Guiquan Chen
Summary: Recent evidence suggests that Pen2 plays a critical role in corticogenesis, but its importance in hippocampal morphogenesis is unclear. This study demonstrates the crucial role of Pen2 in maintaining neural progenitor cells during hippocampal development, highlighting its significance for our understanding of hippocampal development.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qing-Qing Li, Jiang Chen, Ping Hu, Min Jia, Jia-Hui Sun, Hao-Yang Feng, Feng-Chang Qiao, Yan-Yu Zang, Yong-Yun Shi, Guiquan Chen, Nengyin Sheng, Yun Xu, Jian-Jun Yang, Zhengfeng Xu, Yun Stone Shi
Summary: This study identified a rare variant in the GluN2A subunit of NMDAR, which enhanced receptor expression and affected synaptic transmission and plasticity, leading to learning and memory defects.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Chaoli Huang, Teng He, Di Wang, Zifeng Wu, Yuanyuan Wang, Hanyu Liu, Jiali Xu, Chun Yang, Guiquan Chen, Cunming Liu
Summary: This study found that repeated sevoflurane anesthesia during the neonatal period caused cognitive dysfunction in adult mice. Furthermore, it was observed that the tau protein was hyperphosphorylated and the level of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) was decreased in the hippocampus of mice after neonatal exposure to sevoflurane. Additionally, GSK-3 beta activity was found to be increased with repeated sevoflurane exposure. These findings suggest that PP2A-associated hyperphosphorylation of tau protein may contribute to sevoflurane induced developmental neurotoxicity.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xiaolian Ye, Lu Chen, He Wang, Shixiao Peng, Mengjia Liu, Liyang Yao, Yizhi Zhang, Yun Stone Shi, Ying Cao, Jian-Jun Yang, Guiquan Chen
Summary: Neuron-specific deletion of PDK1 robustly ameliorates AD-like pathology and improves spatial working memory in 5xFAD mice. We propose that genetic approach to inhibit PDK1 may be an effective strategy to slow AD.
NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tingting Liu, Xiaolei Zhu, Chaoli Huang, Jiang Chen, Shu Shu, Guiquan Chen, Yun Xu, Yimin Hu
Summary: The study shows that PP2A is critical for neuronal survival and inhibition of ERK may be an effective strategy to reduce cell death in brain diseases.
Article
Neurosciences
Qi Cheng, Jing Wu, Yingqian Xia, Qing Cheng, Yinjuan Zhao, Peixiang Zhu, Wangling Zhang, Shihu Zhang, Lei Zhang, Yushan Yuan, Chaojun Li, Guiquan Chen, Bin Xue
Summary: This study investigates the role of protein prenylation in cerebellar morphogenesis by generating a mouse model with the inactivation of the Ggps1 gene in neural progenitor cells. The conditional knockout of Ggps1 leads to severe ataxia, deficient locomotion, decreased population and impaired proliferation of granule cell progenitors in the developing cerebellum, as well as increased expression of p21. These findings highlight the critical role of Ggpps-dependent protein prenylation in the proliferation of cerebellar granule cell progenitors during cerebellar development.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Weiqian Dai, He Wang, Yongkun Zhan, Nan Li, Fei Li, Jingmin Wang, Huifang Yan, Yu Zhang, Junyu Wang, Lingqian Wu, Huili Liu, Yanjie Fan, Yue Tao, Xi Mo, Jian-Jun Yang, Kun Sun, Guiquan Chen, Yongguo Yu
Summary: This study describes the genotype-phenotype spectrum of CCNK-related syndrome and investigates the underlying molecular mechanisms. By using patient-derived cell models and mouse models, the study demonstrates the critical roles of CCNK in neural progenitor cell proliferation and apoptosis. RNA sequencing analyses reveal transcriptomic signatures unique to CCNK-related syndrome and identify Wnt5a as a potential therapeutic target for intervention.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Minyu Zhang, Biyang Xiao, Xiaoqi Chen, Bingming Ou, Songtao Wang
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to bile acid and gut microbiota disorders. Exercise plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the enterohepatic circulation and the health of the host gut microbiota by regulating the composition and function of the bile acid pool in the enterohepatic axis. Exercise has been recommended as a first-line intervention for NAFLD, and regulating bile acids through exercise may be a promising treatment strategy.