Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rojina Ranjit, Holly Van Remmen, Bumsoo Ahn
Summary: Sarcopenia, the progressive loss of muscle mass and dysfunction, affects the elderly and has negative effects on their quality of life. However, no pharmacological therapies are currently available for this condition. Recent studies have shown that ghrelin, a gut-released hormone, has protective effects on skeletal muscle. In this study, it was found that unacylated ghrelin can reduce muscle atrophy and contractile dysfunction.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Na Liang, Jia He, Jiaqi Yan, Xueying Han, Xiaoqian Zhang, Yamei Niu, Wuga Sha, Jun Li
Summary: DBC1 knockdown in skeletal muscle leads to muscle atrophy and impairs muscle regeneration through the regulation of FOXO3. This research highlights the importance of DBC1 for healthy skeletal muscle function and its connection to muscular atrophy.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Nicole L. Jacobsen, Charles E. Norton, Rebecca L. Shaw, D. D. W. Cornelison, Steven S. Segal
Summary: Skeletal muscle injury disrupts capillary supply due to myofibre degeneration. Regeneration of microvascular networks accompanies the recovery of blood flow regulation. BaCl2-induced microcirculation response sheds light on the nature of microvascular damage and repair.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Karim Abdel Aziz, Fadwa Al-Mugaddam, Subi Sugathan, Prashanth Saseedharan, Tarek Jouini, Mohamed Elhassan Elamin, Hamdy Moselhy, Dina Aly El-Gabry, Danilo Arnone, Sherif M. Karam
Summary: This study found that both acylated and total ghrelin levels were significantly reduced in bipolar disorder patients compared to healthy controls, and were positively correlated with markers of illness severity but negatively correlated with prescribed mood stabilizers, weight, and body mass index.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicolas Dubuisson, Romain Versele, Chloe Planchon, Camille M. Selvais, Laurence Noel, Michel Abou-Samra, Maria A. Davis-Lopez de Carrizosa
Summary: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive disease caused by the loss of function of the protein dystrophin. There is currently no cure for DMD, but advances in genetic and exon-skipping therapies show promise. Histological assessment is a crucial tool for evaluating degeneration and regeneration, but it faces challenges due to the complexity of molecular events and the multitude of markers involved.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marcio Vinicius Damico, Cristiane Damas Gil, Rosely Oliveira Godinho, Enio Setsuo Arakaki Pacini, Consuelo Latorre Fortes -Dias, Vanessa Moreira
Summary: The inhibition of 5-LOX and 12-LOX pathways can promote the regeneration of skeletal muscle fibers. Oral treatment with 5-LOX inhibitor MK886 or 12-LOX inhibitor baicalein can reduce inflammation and facilitate the healing process of muscle injury. Inhibition of the 5-LOX pathway enhances muscle resistance, while inhibition of the 12-LOX pathway promotes early recovery of muscle fiber activity and function.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silvia Maiullari, Antonella Cicirelli, Angela Picerno, Francesca Giannuzzi, Loreto Gesualdo, Angela Notarnicola, Fabio Sallustio, Biagio Moretti
Summary: This study demonstrates that 1.5 mT PEMF stimulation can promote cell proliferation and accelerate muscle tissue regeneration. It also suggests a possible molecular mechanism involving the expression of antioxidant enzymes to control inflammation and oxidative processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xin He, Wei Yuan, Fei Liu, Juan Feng, Yanxia Guo
Summary: This study demonstrates the neuroprotective effects of ghrelin in 6-OHDA-induced PD models by improving autophagic flux dysfunction and restoring TFEB level. This effect is achieved through regulating the expression of autophagy-related proteins, increasing cell viability, and reducing the levels of apoptosis-related proteins.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jan Mieszkowski, Paulina Brzezinska, Blazej Stankiewicz, Andrzej Kochanowicz, Bartlomiej Niespodzinski, Joanna Reczkowicz, Tomasz Waldzinski, Bartlomiej Kacprzak, Natalia Siuba-Jarosz, Miroslav Petr, Jedrzej Antosiewicz
Summary: This study analyzed the impact of vitamin D supplementation on tryptophan metabolism in runners after an ultramarathon. The results showed that vitamin D supplementation can attenuate the increase in KPM levels and the decrease in tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine levels induced by exercise, indicating a regulatory role of vitamin D in exercise-induced metabolic changes.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Derek P. D. Bornath, Greg L. McKie, Seth F. McCarthy, Luke W. Vanderheyden, Greg J. Howe, Philip J. Medeiros, Tom J. Hazell
Summary: This study examined the role of IL-6 on exercise-induced appetite regulation and found that IL-6 was not associated with appetite suppression. Although individuals with obesity had a blunted appetite response to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), normal weight participants experienced decreased hunger after exercise, and there were no significant differences in appetite perceptions between the control and exercise groups or between the normal weight and obesity groups.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jan Mieszkowski, Paulina Brzezinska, Blazej Stankiewicz, Andrzej Kochanowicz, Katarzyna Zolodkiewicz, Bartlomiej Niespodzinski, Joanna Reczkowicz, Tomasz Kowalik, Tomasz Waldzinski, Jedrzej Antosiewicz
Summary: This study investigates the effect of single high-dose vitamin D supplementation on serum amino acid levels in ultramarathon runners. The results show that vitamin D can impact exercise-induced changes in serum amino acids and methylated arginine metabolites, potentially affecting the body's ability to synthesize NO.
Article
Cell Biology
Julien Ochala, Carrie J. Finno, Stephanie J. Valberg
Summary: The study focused on the MYH1-related E321G amino acid substitution and showed that this mutation could contribute to the development of myosinopathies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Magally Ramirez-Ramirez, Francisca Fernandez-Valverde, Andrea Resendiz-Garcia, Mirna G. Martinez-Damas, Luis Javier Cano-Martinez, Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa, Ramon M. Coral-Vazquez
Summary: Several studies have shown the beneficial effects of Epicatechin (Epi) on skeletal muscle in murine models, muscular dystrophy patients, diabetic patients, and murine sarcopenia models. Epi enhances antioxidant pathways, improves muscle architecture, and accelerates skeletal muscle repair after chemically induced damage. The study found that Epi significantly reduced damage area and hypertrophy in the Tibialis anterior muscle of mice with BaCl2-induced damage. In addition, Epi increased the expression of beta-catenin (active) and myogenic proteins such as MyoD and Myogenin.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Jens Lamsfuss, Swantje Bargmann
Summary: Skeletal muscle has high damage tolerance due to its high toughness, which allows it to withstand cracks while maintaining most of its strength. This study focuses on analyzing the damage behavior in muscle fibers and fascicles, where most serious muscle injuries occur. The results show that the endomysium does not transfer high strains, providing protection to adjacent undamaged fibers. Additionally, titin plays a significant role in stabilizing pre-damaged muscle fibers, resulting in minimal reduction in macroscopic strains of fascicles.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Camilla O. D. Araujo, Renan M. Montenegro, Amanda P. Pedroso, Virginia O. Fernandes, Ana Paula D. R. Montenegro, Annelise B. de Carvalho, Lila M. Oyama, Carla S. C. Maia, Eliane B. Ribeiro
Summary: This study found that patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) have appetite disturbances compared to eutrophic individuals, with lower fasting acylated ghrelin levels and no physiological drop after meal intake. These disturbances seem to play a role in hunger attenuation and satiety, but not in acute satiation.
Article
Biology
Sai-Kit Lam, Jiang Zhang, Yuan-Peng Zhang, Bing Li, Rui-Yan Ni, Ta Zhou, Tao Peng, Andy Lai-Yin Cheung, Tin-Ching Chau, Francis Kar-Ho Lee, Celia Wai-Yi Yip, Kwok-Hung Au, Victor Ho-Fun Lee, Amy Tien-Yee Chang, Lawrence Wing-Chi Chan, Jing Cai
Summary: In this multi-center study, CT-based neck nodal radiomics was capable of predicting IfTM-triggered ART events in NPC patients, outperforming the traditional clinical model. The findings provide valuable insights for developing an effective screening strategy for ART eligibility in NPC patients in the long run, ultimately alleviating the workload of clinical practitioners, streamlining ART procedural efficiency in clinics, and achieving personalized RT for NPC patients in the future.
Article
Sport Sciences
Danny J. Yu, Angus P. Yu, Chit K. Leung, Edwin C. Chin, Daniel Y. Fong, Calvin P. Cheng, Suk Y. Yau, Parco M. Siu
Summary: This study preliminarily compared the effectiveness of the minimal volume of aerobic-type physical activity at different intensities as recommended by the World Health Organization (150 minutes of moderate walking exercise and 75 minutes of vigorous walking exercise weekly) on alleviating depression in middle-aged and older adults. The results showed that both moderate and vigorous walking exercise significantly decreased the severity of depression, as well as improved anxiety levels, quality of life, and cardiorespiratory fitness.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Edwin C. Chin, Chit K. Leung, Danny J. Yu, Angus P. Yu, Joshua K. Bernal, Christopher W. Lai, Derwin K. C. Chan, Heidi H. Ngai, Patrick S. H. Yung, Chi H. Lee, Daniel Y. Fong, Shelley E. Keating, Jeff S. Coombes, Parco M. Siu
Summary: This study aims to examine the effects of one-year, once-weekly high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body adiposity and liver fat in adults with central obesity. The study will compare the outcomes of the HIIT group and the usual care control group through a randomized controlled trial to evaluate their effects on fat and liver fat.
JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE & FITNESS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Angus P. Yu, Edwin C. Chin, Danny J. Yu, Daniel Y. Fong, Calvin P. Cheng, Xiaoqing Hu, Gao X. Wei, Parco M. Siu
Summary: This study compared the effects of Tai Chi and conventional exercise on improving cognitive function in older persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The results showed that both exercise modalities improved global cognitive function, with Tai Chi demonstrating greater improvement after 12 weeks of intervention. Further studies are needed to confirm the long-term benefits of Tai Chi on cognitive function compared with conventional exercise.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Edwin C. Chin, Angus P. Yu, Chit K. Leung, Joshua D. Bernal, Whitney W. Au, Daniel Y. Fong, Calvin P. Cheng, Parco M. Siu
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different exercise frequencies and intensities on reducing depressive symptoms in older adults with insomnia. The findings suggest that three sessions of moderate or vigorous-intensity walking per week can effectively alleviate depressive symptoms, and improve sleep quality.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Shiyao Wang, Ailin Qin, Li Yin Chau, Eunice W. T. Fok, Mei Yue Choy, Christopher J. Brackman, Gilman K. H. Siu, Chien-Ling Huang, Shea Ping Yip, Thomas M. H. Lee
Summary: Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has received substantial attention for decentralized nucleic acid testing due to its simple temperature control and short assay time. However, the existing amplification result reporter probes have limitations. This study demonstrates a new reporter probe based on CdSeS/ ZnS quantum dots with superior photostability, enabling single-copy sensitivity. The amine-QD-based one-step LAMP assay advances the field of QD-based nucleic acid amplification assays by achieving compatibility and universality.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Francesco Recchia, Chit K. Leung, Edwin C. Chin, Daniel Y. Fong, David Montero, Calvin P. Cheng, Suk Yu Yau, Parco M. Siu
Summary: The results of this study suggest no difference between exercise and pharmacological interventions in reducing depressive symptoms in adults with non-severe depression. These findings support the adoption of exercise as an alternative or adjuvant treatment for non-severe depression in adults.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Danny J. Yu, Angus P. Yu, Joshua D. K. Bernal, Daniel Y. Fong, Derwin K. C. Chan, Calvin P. Cheng, Parco M. Siu
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the World Health Organization-recommended minimal volume of aerobic-type physical activity in improving cognitive performance in middle-aged and older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The results showed that performing 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity walking exercise once or thrice weekly can improve cognitive performance, as well as reduce anxiety severity and improve cardiorespiratory fitness.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Francesco Recchia, Chit K. Leung, Angus P. Yu, Welton Leung, Danny J. Yu, Daniel Y. Fong, David Montero, Chi-Ho Lee, Stephen H. S. Wong, Parco M. Siu
Summary: The objective of this study was to determine and compare the dose-response effects of exercise and caloric restriction on visceral adipose tissue in overweight and obese adults. The findings showed that both exercise and caloric restriction reduced visceral fat in overweight and obese adults. However, exercise demonstrated a dose-dependent effect, while caloric restriction did not.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Danny J. Yu, Angus P. Yu, Shirley X. Li, Rachel N. Y. Chan, Daniel Y. Fong, Derwin K. C. Chan, Stanley S. Hui, Ka Fai Chung, Jean Woo, Chenchen Wang, Michael R. Irwin, Parco M. Siu
Summary: This study aims to compare the efficacy and long-term outcomes of Tai Chi and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in older adults. The participants will be randomly assigned to either the Tai Chi or CBT-I group, and the severity of insomnia will be assessed at 3 months and 15 months. This study is of clinical importance as it supports the use of Tai Chi as an alternative non-pharmacological approach for insomnia treatment.
JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE & FITNESS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lawrence Wing Chi Chan, Sze Chuen Cesar Wong, William Chi Shing Cho, Mohan Huang, Fei Zhang, Man Lik Chui, Una Ngo Yin Lai, Tiffany Yuen Kwan Chan, Zoe Hoi Ching Cheung, Jerry Chun Yin Cheung, Kin Fu Tang, Man Long Tse, Hung Kit Wong, Hugo Man Fung Kwok, Xinping Shen, Sailong Zhang, Keith Wan Hang Chiu
Summary: This study aimed to identify radiomic features of primary tumor and develop a model for indicating extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Contrast-enhanced CT images of 177 HCC cases were analyzed, and 851 radiomic features were extracted. Logistic regression and SVM models were identified, while VGG16 was trained using CT images directly. The radiomic logistic regression model showed good performance and outperformed VGG16, providing a cost-effective method for stratifying HCC patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohan Huang, Sijun Yang, William Chi Shing Tai, Lingfeng Zhang, Yinuo Zhou, William Chi Shing Cho, Lawrence Wing Chi Chan, Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
Summary: Through bioinformatics analysis, we have identified genes and underlying mechanisms that can improve the efficacy of PD-L1 inhibitors. POLE2, GABARAPL1, PIK3R1, NDC80, and TPX2 play critical roles in the response and overall survival of patients with non-excisable hepatocellular carcinoma under PD-L1 inhibitor treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Shiyao Wang, Ailin Qin, Li Yin Chau, Eunice W. T. Fok, Mei Yue Choy, Christopher J. Brackman, Gilman K. H. Siu, Chien-Ling Huang, Shea Ping Yip, Thomas M. H. Lee
Summary: In this study, CdSeS/ZnS quantum dots with surface modification of cysteamine were used as a new reporter probe for LAMP, enabling single-copy sensitivity. The positively charged amine-QDs remained dispersed in negative LAMP samples, while they became precipitated in positive LAMP samples. This method has the advantages of compatibility and universality.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sze Wan Shan, Pan Feng Wang, Jimmy Ka Wai Cheung, Fengjuan Yu, Hui Zheng, Shumeng Luo, Shea Ping Yip, Chi Ho To, Thomas Chuen Lam
Summary: This study examined the gene expression of the chicken retina during the early development of lens-induced myopia using whole transcriptome sequencing. The results suggest that concerted changes in retinal gene expression may play a key role in the initiation of axial elongation and myopia development.
Review
Physiology
Minyu Zhang, Biyang Xiao, Xiaoqi Chen, Bingming Ou, Songtao Wang
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to bile acid and gut microbiota disorders. Exercise plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the enterohepatic circulation and the health of the host gut microbiota by regulating the composition and function of the bile acid pool in the enterohepatic axis. Exercise has been recommended as a first-line intervention for NAFLD, and regulating bile acids through exercise may be a promising treatment strategy.