Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anna Piotrowska, Wanda Pilch, Lukasz Tota, Marcin Maciejczyk, Dariusz Mucha, Monika Bigosinska, Przemyslaw Bujas, Szczepan Wiecha, Ewa Sadowska-Krepa, Tomasz Palka
Summary: Research showed that local vibration treatment after exercise can improve post-workout recovery by reducing the activity of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), thus decreasing markers of muscle fiber damage.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Luuk Hilkens, Jolien De Bock, Joris Kretzers, Alwine F. M. Kardinaal, Esther G. Floris-Vollenbroek, Petra A. M. J. Scholtens, Astrid M. H. Horstmanc, Luc J. C. van Loon, Jan-Willem Van Dijk
Summary: The study found that whey protein supplementation did not significantly impact muscle function recovery or muscle soreness following eccentric exercise, while carbohydrate supplementation was associated with faster recovery of MVC speed.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marc Yehya, Doria Boulghobra, Pierre-Edouard Grillet, Pablo R. Fleitas-Paniagua, Patrice Bideaux, Sandrine Gayrard, Pierre Sicard, Jerome Thireau, Cyril Reboul, Olivier Cazorla
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of four different natural extracts with recognized antioxidant properties on the contractile function of skeletal and cardiac muscles after prolonged exhausting exercise. The results showed that all natural extracts provided protection for both cardiac and skeletal muscles, with different degrees depending on muscle type and duration of recovery. These findings suggest that acute antioxidant supplementation can help protect against the toxic effects of prolonged exhausting exercise.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Neeltje A. E. Allard, Lando Janssen, Bart Lagerwaard, Malou A. H. Nuijten, Coen C. W. G. Bongers, Richard J. Rodenburg, Paul D. Thompson, Thijs M. H. Eijsvogels, Willem J. J. Assendelft, Tom J. J. Schirris, Silvie Timmers, Maria T. E. Hopman
Summary: This study aimed to determine the effect of prolonged moderate-intensity exercise on markers of muscle injury in statin users and whether statin-associated muscle symptoms exacerbate this injury. The results showed that statin use and the presence of statin-associated muscle symptoms do not aggravate exercise-induced muscle injury, and there is no relationship between muscle injury markers and leukocyte CoQ10 levels.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Michaeljohn Kalakoutis, Irene Di Giulio, Abdel Douiri, Julien Ochala, Stephen D. R. Harridge, Roger C. Woledge
Summary: Chemically skinned fibres are used to study human muscle contractile function and specific force (SF) is an important parameter. Variability in SF across studies is due to methodological differences, with solution composition likely being a key factor influencing the values. Despite this variability, consistency in SF values is observed in fibres containing specific myosin heavy chain isoforms.
Article
Physiology
Jujiao Kuang, Nicholas J. Saner, Javier Botella, Matthew J. -C. Lee, Cesare Granata, Zhenhuan Wang, Xu Yan, Jia Li, Amanda J. Genders, David J. Bishop
Summary: This study aimed to improve the reliability of assessing mitochondrial respiration and content in skeletal muscle research. The findings suggest that increasing technical repeats and excluding outliers can reduce the variability of high-resolution respirometry when measuring mitochondrial respiration. Additionally, analyzing all samples from the same study at the same time is important when assessing citrate synthase activity as a biomarker for mitochondrial content.
Article
Sport Sciences
Giorgio Varesco, Eric Luneau, Guillaume Y. Millet, Leonard Feasson, Thomas Lapole, Vianney Rozand
Summary: This study aimed to compare the performance and fatigability between young, old, and very old men during isometric, concentric, and cycling tasks. The results showed that the performance of old and very old men was lower than that of young men in all tasks, with the difference being most significant in the cycling task. Overall, old and very old men presented similar levels of force loss, alterations in voluntary activation, and twitch amplitude.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Elena Monti, Luana Toniolo, Lorenzo Marcucci, Michela Bondi, Ivan Martellato, Bostjan Simunic, Paolo Toninello, Martino V. Franchi, Marco V. Narici, Carlo Reggiani
Summary: The study indicates that muscle hypertrophy in body builders does not negatively impact force generation capacity, as increases in fiber size and force are proportional once the differential swelling response is accounted for.
Article
Immunology
Catherine M. Jankowski, Melissa P. Wilson, Samantha MaWhinney, Jane Reusch, Leslie Knaub, Sara Hull, Kristine M. Erlandson
Summary: The study found that individuals with HIV had blunted mitochondrial adaptations to exercise compared to uninfected controls, suggesting the need for different types of exercise-induced stimulation to improve mitochondrial function in this population.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gahyun Lim, Heaji Lee, Yunsook Lim
Summary: Recent research has shown that physical activity can improve cognitive function in sarcopenic obesity. This study investigated the potential effects of resistance exercise on cognitive and muscle functions in sarcopenic obesity. The results suggest that resistance exercise can enhance muscle and cognitive functions, and there is a positive correlation between muscle function and cognitive function.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
J. Granet, E. Peyrusque, F. Ruiz, F. Buckinx, L. Ben Abdelkader, T. T. Dang-Vu, M. J. Sirois, J. P. Gouin, B. Pageaux, M. Aubertin-Leheudre
Summary: This study explored the effects of prioritizing live or recorded sessions in online physical exercise intervention for older adults. The results showed that both groups had high levels of satisfaction and adherence, but the group with more live sessions had greater improvements in muscle power and endurance. Therefore, when designing online PE interventions, it is recommended to prioritize the number of live sessions.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nasrin Nasimi, Zahra Sohrabi, Everson A. Nunes, Erfan Sadeghi, Sanaz Jamshidi, Zohreh Gholami, Marzieh Akbarzadeh, Shiva Faghih, Masoumeh Akhlaghi, Stuart M. Phillips
Summary: The effects of whey protein supplementation alone or with vitamin D on sarcopenia-related outcomes in older adults are uncertain. However, this meta-analysis indicates that whey protein supplementation improves physical function, while co-supplementation with vitamin D enhances lean mass gains, muscle strength, and physical function significantly.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Stephanie Hody, Blair E. Warren, Dominique-Marie Votion, Bernard Rogister, Helene Lemieux
Summary: This study investigates the impact of eccentric exercise on mitochondrial function. The results show that eccentric exercise leads to a decrease in muscle oxidative phosphorylation capacity and mainly affects the distal muscle portion. This study provides new perspectives on the mitochondrial adaptation associated with eccentric exercise.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Keiko Iemitsu, Shumpei Fujie, Masataka Uchida, Kenichiro Inoue, Yasushi Shinohara, Motoyuki Iemitsu
Summary: Resistance training combined with Dioscorea esculenta intake for 12 weeks showed greater improvements in muscle quantity and quality indices in healthy middle-aged and older adults. The combination resulted in increased thickness of the femoris muscle, improved muscle quality, and better performance in the five times sit-to-stand test compared to the control group.
Article
Physiology
Morgane Pengam, Aline Amerand, Bernard Simon, Anthony Guernec, Manon Inizan, Christine Moisan
Summary: The study found that exercise intensity is the most relevant training variable to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in both red and white muscles. The findings suggest that defining the optimal training stimulus to improve muscle performance in humans remains a challenge.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Rehabilitation
Cecilie Thrue, Lars G. Hvid, Mads Gamborg, Helen Dawes, Ulrik Dalgas, Martin Langeskov-Christensen
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the psychometric properties of the VO2max test in PD, VO2max levels in pwPD compared to HCs, and reported VO2max associations in PD. The results showed that VO2max was comparable between pwPD and HC as well as between different PD-medication states, and only age, sex, and fatigue were associated with VO2max. However, there was limited evidence on the psychometric properties of the VO2max test.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Martin Eisemann de Almeida, Joachim Nielsen, Maria Houborg Petersen, Emil Kleis Wentorf, Niklas Bigum Pedersen, Kurt Jensen, Kurt Hojlund, Niels ortenblad
Summary: This study used quantitative transmission electron microscopy to analyze the morphology of lipid droplets and mitochondria in skeletal muscle cells. It found that excessive storage of large lipid droplets in patients with type 2 diabetes was improved after high-intensity interval training, making it more similar to the characteristics of non-diabetic individuals.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Javier Botella, Camilla T. Schytz, Thomas F. Pehrson, Rune Hokken, Simon Laugesen, Per Aagaard, Charlotte Suetta, Britt Christensen, Niels Ortenblad, Joachim Nielsen
Summary: This study investigated the mitochondrial structural characteristics in skeletal muscle of strength athletes compared to untrained controls. The results showed that strength athletes had increased mitochondrial cristae density, decreased mitochondrial size, and increased surface-to-volume ratio in their mitochondrial pool, despite similar mitochondrial volume density. In addition, resistance exercise led to mild mitochondrial stress but did not increase the number of damaged mitochondria. Moreover, the study found that acute resistance exercise increased the expression of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, and mitochondrial unfolded protein responses (UPRmt), and strength-trained individuals showed an enrichment of the UPRmt in their basal transcriptome. These findings suggest that strength athletes have a unique mitochondrial remodeling that minimizes the space required for mitochondria.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Martin Eisemann de Almeida, Niels Ortenblad, Maria Houborg Petersen, Ann-Sofie Nybole Schjerning, Emil Kleis Wentorf, Kurt Jensen, Kurt Hojlund, Joachim Nielsen
Summary: Using transmission electron microscopy, we found that short-term exercise does not change the morphology, distribution, and contact between lipid droplets and mitochondria in skeletal muscle cells, but it does increase the contact between them. This effect is not affected by obesity or type 2 diabetes.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Camilla Tvede Schytz, Niels Ortenblad, Thor Andersen Birkholm, Peter Plomgaard, Lars Nybo, Kristoffer Jensen Kolnes, Ole Emil Andersen, Carsten Lundby, Joachim Nielsen, Kasper Degn Gejl
Summary: Manipulating dietary carbohydrates has an impact on muscle glycogen content and body mass, but does not affect short-term exercise performance. Adjusting pre-exercise glycogen levels can be an effective weight management strategy, especially for athletes involved in short-duration sports.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zennia Zeppelin, Michael Vaeggemose, Agnes Witt, Lars G. Hvid, Hatice Tankisi
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term immobilisation and subsequent retraining on peripheral nervous system (PNS) measures using novel electrophysiological methods. The results showed that immobilisation led to reductions in muscle action potential amplitude, muscle cross-sectional area, muscle strength, and walking capacity, while retraining reversed these effects. However, the electrophysiological methods used were not affected except for a slight prolongation in muscle membrane properties. In conclusion, the PNS did not contribute to the observed changes in muscle strength and walking capacity. Further studies should investigate both corticospinal and peripheral mechanisms.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Rasmus B. Kjaer, Jon H. Herskind, Mathias V. Kristiansen, Lars G. Hvid
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the indirect measurement of 1RM in high-level sprinters using the load-velocity relationship. The results showed that velocity-based methods can be used to roughly estimate 1RM in elite sprinters in rested and fatigued conditions. However, the variations in these methods limit their applicability for accurate load prescription for individual athletes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
M. J. Johansen, P. Aagaard, K. D. Gejl, T. Kvorning, J. Bojsen-Moller
Summary: This study examined the relationship between maximal club head speed (CHS) and physiological and anthropometric factors in 21 national-level male golfers. The study found that CHS was positively correlated with measures of strength, power, and trunk rotation. Participants with high CHS demonstrated greater strength, power, and trunk rotation compared to those with low CHS. Improving neuromuscular strength and power may be important for golfers to increase CHS and driving distance.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nick M. Kristensen, Laurits Taul-Madsen, Tobias Gaemelke, Morten Riemenschneider, Ulrik Dalgas, Lars G. Hvid
Summary: This study investigated the association between rate of force development (RFD) and falls in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). The findings suggest that RFD is superior to maximal muscle strength (Fmax) in discriminating fallers from non-fallers in pwMS. Therefore, assessing lower extremity neuromuscular function may be useful in identifying pwMS at future risk of falling.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Morten Riemenschneider, Lars G. G. Hvid, Thor Petersen, Egon Stenager, Ulrik Dalgas
Summary: This study investigates the effects of exercise on physical function, cognition, and patient-reported measures of disease and fatigue impact in early multiple sclerosis (MS). The results show that supervised aerobic exercise can improve physical function, but does not have a significant impact on cognitive function. However, perception of disease and fatigue impact can be improved through exercise in early MS.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Anders G. Skjerbaek, Ulrik Dalgas, Egon Stenager, Finn Boesen, Lars G. Hvid
Summary: Walking capacity is crucial for individuals with multiple sclerosis. This study compared impairment levels across three commonly used walking capacity outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients. The results showed that patients with multiple sclerosis performed worse than healthy controls in all three outcomes, with differences observed between the different outcomes.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL-EXPERIMENTAL TRANSLATIONAL AND CLINICAL
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Camilla Tvede Schytz, Niels Ortenblad, Anne-Kristine Meinild Lundby, Robert Acton Jacobs, Joachim Nielsen, Carsten Lundby
Summary: Differences in oxidative phosphorylation between active and untrained individuals may be explained by higher mitochondrial volume and cristae density in active individuals, with no intrinsic mitochondrial respiratory capacity difference. There are no sex differences in mitochondrial volume and cristae density, oxidative phosphorylation, or normalized oxidative phosphorylation per muscle cristae surface area density.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Minyu Zhang, Biyang Xiao, Xiaoqi Chen, Bingming Ou, Songtao Wang
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to bile acid and gut microbiota disorders. Exercise plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the enterohepatic circulation and the health of the host gut microbiota by regulating the composition and function of the bile acid pool in the enterohepatic axis. Exercise has been recommended as a first-line intervention for NAFLD, and regulating bile acids through exercise may be a promising treatment strategy.
