Resveratrol protects bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell derived chondrocytes cultured on chitosan-gelatin scaffolds from the inhibitory effect of interleukin-1β

Aim: To investigate the effects of resveratrol on interleukin-1beta (IL-1 beta) induced catabolism in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) derived chondrocytes cultured on chitosan-gelatin scaffolds (CGS). Methods: The chondro-genesis of alginate-encapsulated MSCs was evaluated by toluidine blue staining, RT-PCR, and immunostaing. MSC-derived chondrocyte morphology cultured on CGS was evaluated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a laser confocal microscope (LCM). When these cells on CGS were pre-stimulated with IL-1 beta or co-treated with IL-1 beta and resveratrol in the absence and presence of the specific beta(1)-integrin blocking antibody, collagen type II, aggrecan, matrix metal-loproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression, and the translocation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappa B) were analyzed by Western blot analysis. Results: Transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-beta(3)) combined with insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) induced the cartilage-specific collagen type II, aggrecan expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation at the end of a 3-week culture. CGS supported those differentiated chondrocytes' attachment, proliferation, migration, and ECM formation. When those cells cultured on CGS were stimulated with IL-1 beta alone, collagen type II and aggrecan expression was inhibited. However, MMP-13 expression increased. Resveratrol reversed the catabolic effects by reducing the translocation of NF-kappa B. A specific beta(1)-integrin blocking antibody abrogated the effects of resveratrol on IL-1 beta stimulated MSC-derived chondrocytes. Conclusion: These results indicated that resveratrol acts as a NF-kappa B inhibitor to protect MSC-derived chondrocytes on the CGS from the IL-1 beta catabolism and these effects are mediated by beta(1)-integrin.