Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yan Wang, Chunyu Zhu, Yi Gan, Jianbo Chen, Jiantao Miao
Summary: This study analyzed the deposition characteristics and spatial distribution of bioaerosols under two typical cases. The results showed that the removal rate of bioaerosols was lower in the space area of the laboratory from 1.6 m above the ground. The distribution of high-risk areas is affected by the coupling of equipment layout and pollution sources, mainly located downstream of the main airflow in the laboratory, and the particle concentration was eight times that of the low-risk areas.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Kenneth B. Yeh, Bradly Setser
Summary: Respiratory infectious disease outbreaks require the use of specialized aerosol test chambers for research purposes. These chambers are used to study various aspects of causative agents, including detection, effectiveness of countermeasures, and aerosol survivability. Certain high containment biological labs are equipped with these test chambers to study high-risk organisms in aerosolized form. The collaboration among different fields studying aerobiology and biological aerosols is essential.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
An Ning, Ling Liu, Lin Ji, Xiuhui Zhang
Summary: Through a quantum chemical approach and Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC), this study investigated the IA-MSA nucleation system and revealed the corresponding nucleating mechanism under different atmospheric conditions for the first time. The findings showed that MSA can promote IA cluster formation by stabilizing IA, especially under conditions with lower temperatures, sparse IA, and rich MSA. However, the nucleation rate of the IA-MSA mechanism was much lower than field observations, indicating the need to consider additional nucleation precursors.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yinxiao Zhang, Zongbo Shi, Yuanyuan Wang, Lei Liu, Jian Zhang, Jiefeng Li, Yi Xia, Xiaokun Ding, Dantong Liu, Shaofei Kong, Hongya Niu, Pingqing Fu, Xiaoye Zhang, Weijun Li
Summary: This study compared the PM2.5 composition and characteristics between a village and an urban site in northern China, finding that primary emissions from residential solid fuel burning were a significant source of air pollution in the village. The village air had higher levels of primary OM-K and tarballs, contributing to a different composition compared to urban PM2.5 and emphasizing the need for attention to residential health in rural areas during the winter months.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Benedikt Mutsch, Marie Heiber, Felix Graetz, Rainer Hain, Martin Schoenfelder, Stephanie Kaps, Daniela Schranner, Christian J. Kaehler, Henning Wackerhage
Summary: The study found that during exercise, there is a significant increase in aerosol particle concentration in exhaled air, and aerosol particle emission also significantly increases during maximal exercise. There were no sex differences in aerosol particle emission, but endurance-training subjects emitted significantly more aerosol particles during maximal exercise than untrained subjects.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jianmei Zhong, Wei Zhang, Xiaoli Wang, Jinsheng Zhan, Tao Xia, Lingzhi Xie, Xiding Zeng, Kun Yang, Zhangyu Li, Ruiwen Zou, Zepu Bai, Qing Wang, Chenyang Zhang
Summary: This study aims to propose a suitable air distribution design and reduce the energy consumption of the BSL-4 laboratory. It analyzes the diffusion characteristics of aerosols, infection risk under different air distributions, and ventilation parameters. The results show that the proposed energy-saving operation strategy can reduce the energy consumption of the laboratory by 15-30%.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yiming Qin, Jianhuai Ye, Paul Ohno, Jinghao Zhai, Yuemei Han, Pengfei Liu, Junfeng Wang, Rahul A. Zaveri, Scot T. Martin
Summary: The influence of relative humidity on the condensational growth of organic aerosol particles was investigated in this study. Higher RH resulted in faster particle growth, with the particle growth being influenced by factors such as diffusivities within the particles.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pasquale Sellitto, Redha Belhadji, Corinna Kloss, Bernard Legras
Summary: Record-breaking wildfires in Australia during extreme heat and drought led to the formation of pyrocumulonimbus clouds, injecting aerosols and gases into the atmosphere. These fires significantly perturbed the aerosol layer, resulting in increased aerosol extinction and stratospheric aerosol optical depth. The radiative forcing of these perturbations was estimated, revealing the strong impact of the fires on the radiation balance.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Andreas Kurth, Udo Weber, Detlef Reichenbacher
Summary: This article discusses a contradiction in the design of BSL-4 laboratories. Despite being considered essential safety measures, the effectiveness of directional airflow and pressure differentials in preventing the release of pathogens and cross-contamination is not supported by evidence. The study suggests that these measures do not increase biosafety in airtight BSL-4 laboratories.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Honglei Wang, Yuxuan Pei, Yan Yin, Lijuan Shen, Kui Chen, Zheng Shi, Jinghua Chen
Summary: This study reveals the process of new particle formation in the atmosphere during lightning flashes, showing that lightning leads to the formation of ultrafine particles in the atmosphere and influences the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols and air quality.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hui Xiao, Pengguo Zhao, Xiantong Liu, Huiqi Li
Summary: Autoconversion plays a crucial role in the initial formation of raindrops, particularly in aerosol-cloud interactions. Increase in CCN concentration suppresses autoconversion rate, leading to more cloud droplets and delayed precipitation. Different autoconversion schemes have varying impacts on surface precipitation and related microphysical processes.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Claire G. Williams, David J. Smith
Summary: The article emphasizes the importance of atmospheric biology research and points out the fragmentation and lagging of the United States in this field. It is necessary to unify the field to achieve scientific progress and national security.
ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Huan Yang, Ella Hakkinen, Dian Ding, Runlong Cai, Juha Kangasluoma
Summary: This paper presents a new operation mode of the Electrical Mobility Spectrometer (EMS), called the Dynamic-aerosol-size Electrical Mobility Spectrometer (DEMS), which allows the aerosol particles to change their size during mobility classification in response to chemical/physical processes in the classification region. Unlike traditional EMS, DEMS focuses on probing the kinetics of aerosol-related processes rather than classifying the particle size. A theoretical framework is developed to analyze the transmission of size-changing particles in the classification region, and the validity of the framework is demonstrated through simulations and experiments.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Scott A. Helgeson, Bryan J. Taylor, Kaiser G. Lim, Augustine S. Lee, Alexander S. Niven, Neal M. Patel
Summary: Using a light-scattering particle counter, the study found significant increases in both small and large micrometer-size particle generation during cardiopulmonary rehabilitation classes, despite participants wearing procedural masks. The increase in particle generation was more pronounced in classes with larger numbers of patients.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Duncan Watson-Parris, Matthew W. Christensen, Angus Laurenson, Daniel Clewley, Edward Gryspeerdt, Philip Stier
Summary: Global shipping emissions contribute significantly to global SO2 emissions, and the cooling effect of sulfate aerosols is a major uncertainty in determining the impact of human activities on Earth's radiative balance. Using a machine-learning algorithm, we detected over 1 million ship tracks globally and found a marked decline in ship tracks, with a non-linear relationship between SOx emissions reduction and the number of tracks detected.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ahmed A. Zayed, James M. Wainaina, Guillermo Dominguez-Huerta, Eric Pelletier, Jiarong Guo, Mohamed Mohssen, Funing Tian, Akbar Adjie Pratama, Benjamin Bolduc, Olivier Zablocki, Dylan Cronin, Lindsey Solden, Erwan Delage, Adriana Alberti, Jean-Marc Aury, Quentin Carradec, Corinne da Silva, Karine Labadie, Julie Poulain, Hans-Joachim Ruscheweyh, Guillem Salazar, Elan Shatoff, Ralf Bundschuh, Kurt Fredrick, Laura S. Kubatko, Samuel Chaffron, Alexander Culley, Shinichi Sunagawa, Jens H. Kuhn, Patrick Wincker, Matthew B. Sullivan
Summary: This study expands Earth's RNA virus catalogs and their taxonomy, investigates their evolutionary origins and marine biogeography, and reveals the need for substantive revisions of taxonomy for RNA viruses. The efforts provide foundational knowledge critical to integrating RNA viruses into ecological and epidemiological models.
Article
Virology
Sushma M. Bhosle, Julie P. Tran, Shuiqing Yu, Jillian Geiger, Jennifer D. Jackson, Ian Crozier, Anya Crane, Jiro Wada, Travis K. Warren, Jens H. Kuhn, Gabriella Worwa
Summary: This study developed duplex one-step RT-qPCR assays that can simultaneously detect SARS-CoV-2 genomic and subgenomic RNA. The assays successfully detected the presence of different variant strains during live virus infection. Quantifying subgenomic RNA is important for determining active replication, and the ability to detect both genomic and subgenomic RNAs in a single reaction improves efficiency and aids in understanding viral replication and pathogenesis.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jens H. Kuhn, Connie S. Schmaljohn
Summary: In 1998, the first immunocompetent laboratory mouse model of Ebola virus disease was developed by Mike Bray and colleagues. Despite being considered inferior to large nonhuman primate efforts initially, this model paved the way for the establishment of panel-derived cross-bred and humanized mouse models, as well as a golden hamster model. The global shortage of commercially available large nonhuman primates may lead to an increased focus on and improvement of rodent modeling, potentially replacing nonhuman primate studies in the short term and the future.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Guillermo Dominguez-Huerta, James M. Wainaina, Ahmed A. Zayed, Alexander I. Culley, Jens H. Kuhn, Matthew B. Sullivan
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jens H. Kuhn, Eugene V. Koonin
Summary: The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) has recognized viriforms as a new category of virus-derived genetic elements, distinct from viruses, viroids, and satellite nucleic acids. Viriforms are former viruses that have been integrated into the genomes of cellular hosts and perform functions important for the host's life cycle. These viriforms resemble viruses in appearance but do not package their own genomes, instead transporting host genetic material. They have been found in the genomes of parasitoid wasps and prokaryotes, and recent discoveries suggest their presence in mammalian genomes. This article outlines the properties of different viriform groups and the proposed classification frameworks by ICTV.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Stuart G. Siddell, Donald B. Smith, Evelien Adriaenssens, Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini, Bas E. Dutilh, Maria Laura Garcia, Sandra Junglen, Mart Krupovic, Jens H. Kuhn, Amy J. Lambert, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Malgorzata Lobocka, Arcady R. Mushegian, Hanna M. Oksanen, David L. Robertson, Luisa Rubino, Sead Sabanadzovic, Peter Simmonds, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Koenraad Van Doorslaer, Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Arvind Varsani, F. Murilo Zerbini
Summary: The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) is responsible for the development and oversight of virus taxonomy. It approves and ratifies taxonomic proposals and maintains a list of approved virus names. The ICTV has a democratic decision-making process with approximately 180 members who vote on proposals. Taxon-specific Study Groups, comprised of over 600 scientists, provide expertise and contribute to taxonomic proposals.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Virology
Jens H. Kuhn, Steven B. Bradfute, Charles H. Calisher, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingstrom, Lies Laenen, Gustavo Palacios, Connie S. Schmaljohn, Nicole D. Tischler, Piet Maes
Summary: The official classification of viruses by the ICTV requires complete or nearly complete genome sequences to be deposited in GenBank. This requirement is fairly new, resulting in fragmented or absent genomic sequence information for many classified viruses. This poses challenges for taxon-wide phylogenetic analyses, especially for viruses with segmented genomes. To address this issue for Hantaviridae, the community is urged to provide additional sequence information for incompletely sequenced classified viruses by mid-June 2023 to prevent possible declassification.
Article
Microbiology
Carla M. Bellomo, Daniel O. Alonso, Unai Perez-Sautu, Karla Prieto, Sebastian Kehl, Rocio M. Coelho, Natalia Periolo, Nicholas Di Paola, Natalia Ferressini-Gerpe, Jens H. Kuhn, Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart, Gustavo Palacios, Valeria P. Martinez
Summary: This study analyzed the Andes virus (ANDV) using whole-genome sequencing and identified four amino acid substitutions related to cell culture adaptation that attenuated the virus in an animal model. Additionally, three amino acid substitutions associated with efficient person-to-person transmission were identified. These findings suggest that single-nucleotide polymorphisms can be used to predict ANDV virulence and transmissibility.
Article
Microbiology
Jennifer Sword, Ji Hyun Lee, Marcelo A. A. Castro, Jeffrey Solomon, Nina Aiosa, Syed M. S. Reza, Winston T. T. Chu, Joshua C. C. Johnson, Christopher Bartos, Kurt Cooper, Peter B. B. Jahrling, Reed F. F. Johnson, Claudia Calcagno, Ian Crozier, Jens H. H. Kuhn, Lisa E. E. Hensley, Irwin M. M. Feuerstein, Venkatesh Mani
Summary: This study used CT imaging to identify abnormalities in the liver, spleen, and axillary lymph nodes that corresponded to the known clinical signs of Marburg virus disease in rhesus monkeys. The results suggest that CT imaging could be used to understand the pathogenesis of the disease and evaluate the effectiveness of candidate treatments.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Torsten Seuberlich, Jens H. H. Kuhn, Heike Schmidt-Posthaus
Summary: We obtained the near-complete genome sequence of a novel virus, Lotschberg virus (LTBV), from a European perch metatranscriptome. Genome organization and pairwise sequence comparison indicated that LTBV represents a tentative new species and genus of the mononegaviral family Filoviridae.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2023)
Article
Virology
Teressa M. Shaw, Sara M. Maloney, Kylie Nennig, Mitchell D. Ramuta, Andrew Norton, Rodrigo Ibarra, Paul Kuehnert, Margo Brinton, Kay Faaberg, Jens H. Kuhn, David H. O'Connor, Cody J. Warren, Adam L. Bailey
Summary: Arteriviruses, including lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV), have been identified as RNA viruses related to coronaviruses. LDV is a valuable model for studying immune failure and viral persistence in immunocompetent mice. This study demonstrates that the macrophage marker CD163 is essential for LDV infection and the establishment of an immortalized cell-culture system. Additionally, LDV infection can be completely resisted in knockout mice lacking the expression of mCD163. The findings contribute to the understanding of arterivirus infection and highlight the significance of CD163 utilization in this virus family.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Evelien M. M. Adriaenssens, Simon Roux, J. Rodney Brister, Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi, Jens H. H. Kuhn, Arvind Varsani, Tong Yigang, Alejandro Reyes, Cedric Lood, Elliot J. J. Lefkowitz, Matthew B. B. Sullivan, Robert A. A. Edwards, Peter Simmonds, Luisa Rubino, Sead Sabanadzovic, Mart Krupovic, Bas E. E. Dutilh
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Evelien M. M. Adriaenssens, Simon Roux, J. Rodney Brister, Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi, Jens H. Kuhn, Arvind Varsani, Tong Yigang, Alejandro Reyes, Cedric Lood, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Matthew B. B. Sullivan, Robert A. A. Edwards, Peter Simmonds, Luisa Rubino, Sead Sabanadzovic, Mart Krupovic, Bas E. E. Dutilh
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Todd A. Cutts, Raymond W. Nims, Joseph R. Rubino, Julie McKinney, Jens H. Kuhn, M. Khalid Ijaz
Summary: The World Health Organization's R & D Blueprint list includes Lassa fever as a priority disease for research and development in emergency contexts. The study evaluated the virucidal efficacy of various disinfectants against LASV and found rapid and substantial inactivation of the virus.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Virology
Mohammad Fereidouni, Dmitry A. Apanaskevich, David B. Pecor, Natalia Yu. Pshenichnaya, Gulzhan N. Abuova, Farida H. Tishkova, Yekaterina Bumburidi, Xiankun Zeng, Jens H. Kuhn, Maryam Keshtkar-Jahromi
Summary: This study summarizes the status of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Central, Eastern, and South-eastern Asia. The risk and burden of CCHF were assessed based on case reports, antibody prevalence, and vector ticks isolation. The majority of cases were reported in Central Asia, while only China reported cases in Eastern Asia. No cases were reported in South-eastern Asia. Countries were classified into different levels based on evidence of CCHF, guiding the strengthening or establishment of CCHF surveillance systems.
