Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Leyla Sati, Bikem Soygur, Ethem Goksu, Cumhur Ibrahim Bassorgun, James McGrath
Summary: CTCFL gene is expressed in testis, oocytes, and embryonic stem cells, and is associated with cancer. Overexpression of Ctcfl in mouse models leads to developmental issues and premature birth. Analysis shows abnormal expression of CCM-related proteins in Ctcfl transgenic animals and in human CCM and AVM tissues, highlighting the role of CTCFL in vascular development.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shinya Torimaki, Hideo Chihara, Ryo Akiyama
Summary: We report a case of a 74-year-old male patient who presented with left hemiplegia and disturbance of consciousness. Imaging studies revealed diffuse sub-arachnoid hemorrhage, particularly in the right Sylvian and basal cisterns. Angiography showed absence of the C2 segment of the right internal carotid artery and the presence of a significantly developed circum-infundibular anastomosis, as well as occlusion of the bilateral vertebral arteries. The patient was treated conservatively due to unclear source of bleeding.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tao-Hsin Chang, Fu -Lien Hsieh, Xiaowu Gu, Philip M. Smallwood, Jennifer M. Kavran, Sandra B. Gabelli, Jeremy Nathans
Summary: In many organs, capillary diaphragms consisting of PLVAP fibers play a crucial role in allowing the diffusion of molecules between blood and tissue spaces. The crystal structure of a segment of PLVAP extracellular domain (ECD) revealed a parallel dimeric alpha-helical coiled-coil configuration with disulfide bonds. This supports the model proposed by Tse and Stan, suggesting that PLVAP dimers are arranged within each capillary opening like the spokes of a bicycle wheel.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pablo Torres-Vergara, Felipe Troncoso, Jesenia Acurio, Ellen Kupka, Lina Bergman, Anna-Karin Wikstro, Carlos Escudero
Summary: Disruption of blood-brain barrier is a central issue in the pathophysiology of acute cerebral complications in women with preeclampsia. The underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study found that plasma from women with preeclampsia increased cell apoptosis and permeability in human brain endothelial cells, possibly through activation of VEGFR2. The different phosphorylation patterns of VEGFR2 suggest that further investigation is needed to determine its specific activation status.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Xiaohui Yan, Ke Jiang, Hui Li, Ziyi Wang, Kyle Perkins, Fan Cao
Summary: Brain abnormalities in the reading network related to developmental dyslexia (DD) have been found to be consistent across languages, with greater reduction in grey matter volume and brain activation in certain regions of the brain for morpho-syllabic languages like Chinese compared to alphabetic languages, and vice versa. These differences are attributed to the specific language being learned while experiencing DD. In addition, compensatory brain regions as well as regions showing inconsistent alterations in brain structure and function were also observed.
Article
Cell Biology
Guanxi Xiao, Rosie Kumar, Yutaro Komuro, Jasmine Burguet, Visesha Kakarla, Ida Azizkhanian, Sunil A. Sheth, Christopher K. Williams, Xinhai R. Zhang, Michal Macknicki, Andrew Brumm, Riki Kawaguchi, Phu Mai, Naoki Kaneko, Harry V. Vinters, S. Thomas Carmichael, Leif A. Havton, Charles DeCarli, Jason D. Hinman
Summary: Cardiovascular risk factors including obesity worsen cerebral small vessel disease and brain white matter injury. Chronic cerebrovascular risk factors activate molecular pathways in cerebral endothelial cells that alter cell-cell signaling, blocking endogenous and post-ischemic white matter repair. Using cell-specific translating ribosome affinity purification (RiboTag), a coordinated interleukin-chemokine signaling cascade is identified within the oligovascular niche of subcortical white matter triggered by diet-induced obesity (DIO). DIO induces interleukin-17B (IL-17B) signaling, which acts on cerebral endothelial cells through IL-17Rb, increasing both circulating and local endothelial expression of CXCL5. In white matter endothelia, CXCL5 promotes the association of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) with the vasculature and triggers OPC gene expression programs regulating cell migration through chemokine signaling. Targeted blockade of IL-17B reduces vessel-associated OPCs by reducing endothelial CXCL5 expression. CXCL5 blood levels serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of vascular cognitive impairment in multiple human cohorts.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zi-Yue Liu, Fei-Fei Zhai, Dong-Hui Ao, Fei Han, Ming-Li Li, Lixin Zhou, Jun Ni, Ming Yao, Shu-Yang Zhang, Li-Ying Cui, Zheng-Yu Jin, Yi-Cheng Zhu
Summary: The study found that a lower number of cerebral deep medullary veins (DMVs) was associated with lower white matter microstructural integrity, reduced gray matter and hippocampus volumes, and cortical atrophy in specific brain regions. These results suggest that cerebral small venules disease may play a role in brain parenchymal lesions and neurodegenerative processes.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adrian Lopez Garcia de Lomana, Arnar Ingi Vilhjalmsson, Sarah McGarrity, Rosa Sigurdardottir, Osk Anuforo, Alexia Ros Viktorsdottir, Aris Kotronoulas, Andreas Bergmann, Leifur Franzson, Haraldur Halldorsson, Hanne H. Henriksen, Charles E. Wade, Par Ingemar Johansson, Ottar Rolfsson
Summary: The precise understanding of the metabolic response in endothelial cells to sustained high levels of catecholamines will facilitate the identification of more efficient clinical interventions in trauma patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Remika Mito, David N. Vaughan, Mira Semmelroch, Alan Connelly, Graeme D. Jackson
Summary: This study analyzed the structural abnormalities of white matter fiber tracts in patients with bottom-of-sulcus dysplasia (BOSD) and found widespread abnormalities despite the focal nature of the dysplasia. High seizure frequency was associated with greater reduction in fiber density. The results demonstrate a bilaterally distributed, specific white matter network that is vulnerable to disruption in BOSD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Susmita Bhattarai, Sudha Sharma, Utsab Subedi, Hosne Ara, Alika Shum, Murov Milena, Md Shenuarin Bhuiyan, Srivatsan Kidambi, Hong Sun, Sumitra Miriyala, Manikandan Panchatcharam
Summary: Endothelial permeability is a major issue that needs to be addressed in stroke treatment. Understanding the mechanisms behind blood-brain barrier disruption and managing the hypoxic stress-induced permeability of the endothelium after reperfusion are crucial for stroke management.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
A. Versace, N. P. Jones, H. M. Joseph, R. A. Lindstrom, T. K. Wilson, J. P. Lima Santos, E. M. Gnagy, W. E. Pelham, C. D. Ladouceur, B. S. G. Molina
Summary: The study found that adults with ADHD have focal abnormalities in white matter structures, particularly in areas related to visuospatial processing and memory, which may be associated with persistent ADHD symptoms.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Foster D. Ritchie, Sofia B. Lizarraga
Summary: Brain size is influenced by various factors during neuronal development. Mutations in histone methyltransferases that modify histone H3 are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders involving abnormal brain size. The interplay between histone modifications and the Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 may contribute to brain size abnormalities.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anna W. Sobanska
Summary: Novel quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed to predict the placental permeability of compounds. These models were generated using statistical tools such as multiple linear regression, boosted trees, principal component analysis, and artificial neural networks. The most important predictor was found to be Lipinski, reflecting the compounds' drug-likeness. The models were applied to 345 pesticides from different chemical families to assess their ability to cross the placenta and investigate the relationships with blood-brain barrier transfer and gastrointestinal absorption.
Article
Psychiatry
Julian Macoveanu, Katherine Olivia Freeman, Lie Hanne Kærstad, Gitte Moos Knudsen, Lars Vedel Kessing, Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak
Summary: The study found that cognitive impairment in BD is associated with cerebral white matter deficits, possibly related to observed morphological changes in dorsomedial PFC, possibly due to increased neurocognitive effort to maintain symptom stability in these remitted patients.
ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joshua Leaston, Craig F. Ferris, Praveen Kulkarni, Dharshan Chandramohan, Anne L. van de Ven, Ju Qiao, Liam Timms, Jorge Sepulcre, Georges El Fakhri, Chao Ma, Marc D. Normandin, Codi Gharagouzloo
Summary: The study tested the feasibility of a quantitative ultra-short time-to-echo contrast-enhanced MRI technology in identifying small vessel abnormalities early in the development of an APOE4 knock-in female rat model, and found that this technology has high sensitivity in detecting neurovascular dysfunction.
